welcome to the npgs crop germplasm committee chairs ... · pdf filewelcome to the npgs crop...
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Welcome to the NPGS Crop Germplasm Committee Chairs Virtual Meeting
November 20, 2014
The meeting will begin at 1:30 pm EST
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Logistics of AT&T Connect Meeting Room Note features in the task bar at the top of the meeting room screen:
Can ask question using the raised hand feature Can use emoticons to convey information
Note the view pane to the right of the screen:
Can change size by dragging Can ask question by sending note to presenter or to all Lists the participants Can tell who is speaking by observing the microphone icon (in participant application only)
If using a desktop speaker phone, you may want to mute it to avoid disseminating background noise to all.
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Speedy Introductions
State your name and employer/location as I call the roll in alphabetical order of CGCs
(Alfalfa to Woody Landscape)
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CGC Chair Best Practices
Submit minutes after CGC meetings, or ensure secretary does. Ensure your membership rosters are up to date.
Notify NGRL when Chair rotates to a new member.
Notify NGRL as far in advance as possible of meeting dates. Spearhead the revision of Crop Vulnerabilty Statements Consider virtual technologies (such as this one) if having a difficult time arranging well attended in person meetings. Consider joint meetings with other CGCs based on natural alignments and/or meeting locations
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CGC Resources
NGRL can assist with telconferences and virtual meetings CGC pages on GRIN help archive and display CGC information,
provides continuity for chairs and members
Meetings dates and locations Membership rosters and email addresses Meeting minutes Descriptor lists and reports Crop Vulnerability Statement template
System-wide email lists for PGOC, Curators, Primaries, CGC Chairs
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Economic Research Service Census of NPGS Users
ERS is planning a survey of germplasm recipients for selected NPGS taxa in the 2009-2013 timeframe to quantify demand and utilization
Beans, Barley, Corn, Cotton, Sorghum, Squash, Soybeans, Potatoes,
Rice and Wheat
Will use Survey Monkey to ask 13 questions
Survey and methodology needs approval from Office of Management and Budget
Hope to activate survey next spring
I will keep applicable CGC Chairs informed so that you can help us encourage a high response rate
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Thanks to you and your committees for supporting
the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System!
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GRIN-Global for the NPGS • Development team has selected a new date to
convert from current GRIN for plants to GRIN-Global:
January 2-5, 2015 • Twice a week refresher training and Q&A sessions for
NPGS genebank staff are underway • The test public website remains available at
http://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/Search.aspx It is fully functional but orders are not filled. Use
current GRIN for “real” orders until the conversion • Feedback email: [email protected]
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The National Plant Germplasm System: 2014 Status and
Prospects
Peter Bretting USDA/ARS Office of National Programs
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USDA National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS)
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NUMBER OF NPGS ACCESSIONS 2000-2013
-
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
NPGS Accessions
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DEMAND FOR NPGS INFORMATION 2000-2013
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
NPGS Web Page Access
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DEMAND FOR NPGS GERMPLASM 2000-2013
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Germplasm Distribution
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ARS NATIONAL PLANT GERMPLASM SYSTEM BUDGET 2000-2013
NPGS Budget
0
5,000,000
10,000,000
15,000,000
20,000,000
25,000,000
30,000,000
35,000,000
40,000,000
45,000,000
50,000,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
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ARS National Plant Germplasm System Budget, Real, 1999-2012
0
5,000,000
10,000,000
15,000,000
20,000,000
25,000,000
30,000,000
35,000,000
40,000,000
45,000,000
50,000,000
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
2006
dol
lars
(ERS
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arch
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Notable NPGS Developments
• 1-17 October 2013: Furlough – Only designated key personnel permitted to work. – No germplasm lost. – No germplasm distributed; GRIN off-line. – Delayed harvests, delayed shipments to winter nurseries.
• FAO International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – Seed industry advocates US ratification.
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Notable NPGS Developments
• Stronger and more extensive international partnerships – Hosted CGIAR Genebanks Annual General
Meeting at NCRPIS, Ames. – Global Crop Diversity Trust: Developing
international project for increasing the use of PGRFA (especially crop wild relatives)
– PRC, S. Korea, Canada, Mexico, Colombia national genebanks: training at NPGS
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Notable NPGS Developments
• NPGS staff changes – Retirements or resignations: M. Welch (Pullman), D.
Dierig (Ft. Collins), F. Zee (Hilo), E. Garvey (Beltsville), G. Romano (Parlier), and W. Yan (Stuttgart).
– Position changes: S. Greene filled the vice-Ellis position at Ft. Collins, and T. Kisha filled the vice-Welch position at Pullman.
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National Center for Genetic Resources
Preservation
1111 South Mason St Fort Collins, CO
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Plant and Animal Genetic Resources Preservation Unit Safety back up of our national collection of genetic resources through diligent stewardship, research and communication (Harvey Blackburn, Acting RL; Stephanie Greene, Seed Curator; Maria Jenderek, Clonal Curator)
Plant Germplasm Preservation Research Unit Developing state-of-art tools to improve gene bank capacity and efficiency (Christina Walters , RL; Gayle Volk, Research Plant Physiologist; Chris Richards, Research Geneticist)
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82% - seed collection backed up 15% - clonal collection backed up 3% - NPGS accessions unique to NCGRP
Seed and Clonal Base Collection
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Safety backup of non-NPGS germplasm 7377 Plant Variety Protection voucher samples 2275 Journal of Plant Registration voucher samples 300,000 accessions “black-box” – CGIAR, Seed
Savers Exchange, etc Rare and Endangered species- Center for Plant
Conservation USFS, Indian Tribes (Fraxinus), special collections
(i.e. McClintock’s maize lines)
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2014 Activities Received 8,371 accessions for back up Cryopreserved 145 accessions- potato, sugar cane,
banana, sweet potato 6786 germination tests on incoming accessions and
1063 monitor tests conducted on stored seed 114 orders sent to users, comprising 603 seed
inventories 18,473 accessions are ready to be shipped to
Svalbard
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Seed Base Collection- shifting emphasis Secure 12% using “critical back up” procedure Focus on monitoring seeds already in storage
o ~ 25% of collection last tested 10-20 years ago; 24,863 samples last tested > 20 yr ago
o High priority- monitor short longevity species o Replace low viability samples with fresh seed
Wild species (SOS, CWR) = more time and
resources to process and test
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Clonal Base Collection- shifting emphasis • More work on monocots
(sugarcane, banana, pineapple)
• Beginning to address CWR needs (Solanum, Frageria)
• Use dormant buds as main
material for temperate trees and shrubs
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Plant Germplasm Preservation Research Unit
Developing state-of-art tools to improve gene bank capacity and efficiency
cryobiology, cryopreservation, cryotherapy
predictive assays
tropical & subtropical crops & wild species
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• Avocado stress response to excision, tissue culture & water stress)(with Miami, FL)
• Continued work on apple diversity (with Geneva, NY and China-MOST )
• Cryotherapy and backing- up Citrus collection (with Riverside, CA)
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• Water relations and stress response in developing Cacao embryos (with Mayaguez, PR)
• Changes in wild rye and barley populations in nature and in genebanks (with European collaborators)
• Markers and models to quantify diversity of wheat collection (with Aberdeen, ID)
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• Pollen physiology of pecans, cotton and avocado (with College Station, TX & Miami, FL)
• Oak seed physiology and cryopreservation (with National Arboretum, DC, Ames, IA and others)
• Seed physiology of walnuts, pecans, pistachio, chestnut , magnolia and willow (with Davis, CA & Ames, IA & National Arboretum and others)
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• Seed longevity studies (with PAGRP, China-MOST and others)
•Markers to predict seed aging during storage (with PAGRP)
Looking for a postdoc to study RNA integrity
Evan Meyer with Rancho Santa Ana testing 65 year old seed from Went/Munz expt.
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Thanks from Fort Collins!
Questions?
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The NPGS Plant Exploration/Exchange Program
• fills gaps in the NPGS • proposals accepted yearly by NGRL- PEO for
explorations the next fiscal year • guidelines distributed to CGC Chairs • explorations and exchanges • CGCs and curators must endorse proposals
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2014 NPGS Plant Explorations
Camelina and other crops Armenia Lactuca spp. Azerbaijan Walnut and grape Georgia Fraxinus spp. United States (AL, AR, MI) Fraxinus pennsylvanica United States (ND) Solanum jamesii United States (AZ) Cucurbita spp. United States (FL, AZ, CA, NM) Betula nigra United States (IA) Spiraea and Diervilla United States (IA) Kentucky coffeetree United States (IN, IL) Chenopodium spp. United States (UT, WY, AZ, NM, CO,
NE, MN)
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2015 Plant Explorations Postponed Black cohosh United States (NC, VA, TN) Beta spp. United States (CA) Fraxinus spp. United States (OH, KY, IN, TN) Kentucky coffeetree United States Herbaceous ornamentals United States (CA) Food legumes Nepal
Proposals 4 foreign proposals and one domestic proposal
Reconnaissance Small fruits Vietnam
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Access and Benefit Sharing for International Explorations
• prior informed consent (PIC) obtained from national authority
• includes agreement on the sharing of benefits • acceptable benefits are “in-kind” (training, equipment
purchase, increase projects, etc.) • PEO obtains PIC • SMTA provides terms for some explorations
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Cooperation with Missouri Botanic Garden
in Central Asia • new agreement established
• additional funding from the Woody Landscape Repository
• host country scientists write proposals, obtain national permission, and collect
• past explorations include: Lactuca spp. – Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan Camelina spp. -- Armenia Juglans regia – Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan
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GRIN-Taxonomy Crop Wild Relative (CWR)
Inventory 1. PEO Project initiated in 2008 to assess
CWR germplasm needs for NPGS
4. Supporting data gleaned from multiple sources
2. Identify CWR by “gene pool” status
3. Initial work prioritized by economic value of crops
5. Sought external review of treatment
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Genetic Relative Classification
Criteria
Primary − Taxa that cross readily with the crop (or can be predicted to do so based on their taxonomic relationships), yielding (or being expected to yield) fertile hybrids with good chromosome pairing, making gene transfer through hybridization simple.
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Genetic Relative Classification
Criteria
Secondary − Taxa that will successfully cross with the crop (or can be predicted to do so based on their taxonomic relationships), but yield (or would be expected to yield) partially or mostly sterile hybrids with poor chromosome pairing, making gene transfer through hybridization difficult.
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Genetic Relative Classification
Criteria
Tertiary − Taxa that can be crossed with the crop (or can be predicted to do so based on their taxonomic relationships), but hybrids are (or are expected to be) lethal or completely sterile. Special breeding techniques, some yet to be developed, are required for gene transfer.
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Genetic Relative Classification
Criteria
Graftstock − Taxa used as rootstocks for grafting scions of a crop, or used as genetic resources in the breeding of such rootstocks.
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Data Elements
1. Taxonomic or phylogenetic relationship of
crop and CWR
2. Genetic relative status of CWR
3. Geographical distribution of CWR
4. Passport data of crop and CWR accessions
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Crop Genera Already Treated (135 crops)
Cereal: Avena, Hordeum, Oryza, Secale, Sorghum, Triticum, Zea Fiber: Gossypium, Linum Forage: Medicago Fruit/Nut: Actinidia, Ananas, Carica, Carya, Castanea, Citrus, Citrullus, Corylus, Eriobotrya, Fragaria, Juglans, Malus, Olea, Persea, Phoenix, Pistacia, Prunus, Pyrus, Ribes, Solanum, Theobroma, Vaccinium, Vitis Oilseed: Brassica, Carthamus, Crambe, Helianthus, Olea Pseudocereal: Chenopodium Pulse: Arachis, Cicer, Glycine, Lens, Lupinus Vegetable: Allium, Asparagus, Beta, Brassica, Capsicum, Cichorium, Cucumis, Cucurbita, Cynara, Daucus, Eruca, Ipomoea, Lactuca, Pastinaca, Phaseolus, Pisum, Raphanus, Rheum, Sechium, Solanum, Spinacia, Vicia, Vigna Other: Coffea, Humulus, Manihot, Nicotiana, Saccharum, Sinapis
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GRIN CWR Data
Dr. Blanca León