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Smart Lab BuildingsSmart Lab Buildings

Marc Gomez, CIH, CSP, ARM, Interim Assistant Vice Chancellor, Marc Gomez, CIH, CSP, ARM, Interim Assistant Vice Chancellor, Facilities Management / Environmental Health & SafetyFacilities Management / Environmental Health & Safety

Joel Azpuru, CIH, CSP, Industrial Hygiene Specialist, EH&SJoel Azpuru, CIH, CSP, Industrial Hygiene Specialist, EH&SChris Abbamonto, CEM, LEEDChris Abbamonto, CEM, LEED--AP, Campus Energy Manager, AP, Campus Energy Manager,

Facilities ManagementFacilities Management

University of California, IrvineUniversity of California, Irvine

Large research universityLarge research university$16M annual utilities budget$16M annual utilities budget

Lab buildings consume 2/3 of campus energyLab buildings consume 2/3 of campus energyMany energy initiatives to reduce carbon footprintMany energy initiatives to reduce carbon footprint

Campus Energy $avingsCampus Energy $avings Team SynergyTeam Synergy

SafetyManagement

Visionary & Supportive

UpperManagement

Engineers

FacilityManagers

Patience

Supportive Users/Researchers

AgendaAgenda

Smart Lab OverviewSmart Lab OverviewCentralized Demand Controlled VentilationCentralized Demand Controlled VentilationLow Flow Fume HoodsLow Flow Fume HoodsExhaust System OptimizationExhaust System OptimizationLaboratory Smart Lighting ControlsLaboratory Smart Lighting ControlsSmart Lab Case Study: Gross HallSmart Lab Case Study: Gross HallQuestion and Answer SessionQuestion and Answer Session

Balancing Lab Safety Balancing Lab Safety & Climate Safety& Climate Safety

Create lab buildings that out perform ASHRAE 90.1 / CA Title 24 by 50%

Combine energy initiatives such asCentralized demand controlled ventilation (CDCV)Low flow (high performance) fume hoodsReduced building exhaust stack airspeedsEnergy-efficient lighting

Building Exhaust System

Labs w/CDCVreal time lab air monitoring 4 ach occupied 2 ach unoccupied

Energy efficient lighting

Labs with low flow fume hoods (as appropriate)

Smart Lab Building ConceptSmart Lab Building Concept

Smart Lab ParametersSmart Lab ParametersCurrent Best Practice Smart Lab Parameters

Air-handler/filtration airspeeds 400 ft/min. max 350 ft/min. max

Total system (supply + exhaust) pressure-drop 6 in. w.g.

AgendaAgenda

Smart Lab Overview Smart Lab Overview Centralized Demand Controlled VentilationCentralized Demand Controlled VentilationLow Flow Fume HoodsLow Flow Fume HoodsExhaust System OptimizationExhaust System OptimizationLaboratory Smart Lighting ControlsLaboratory Smart Lighting ControlsSmart Lab Case Study: Gross HallSmart Lab Case Study: Gross HallQuestion and Answer SessionQuestion and Answer Session

CDCV & Energy $avingsCDCV & Energy $avings Monitor Air ContaminantsMonitor Air Contaminants

ReduceReduce

air changes per hour (ACH) air changes per hour (ACH) if no contaminants detectedif no contaminants detected

IncreaseIncrease

air changes per hour (ACH) air changes per hour (ACH) when contaminants detectedwhen contaminants detected

Question: Is Increased ACH Safer?Question: Is Increased ACH Safer?

Specification of Airflow Rates in LaboratoriesSpecification of Airflow Rates in Laboratoriesby Tom Smith, Exposure Control Technologies, by Tom Smith, Exposure Control Technologies, Conclusions: Conclusions:

ACH as a metric for dilution is ACH as a metric for dilution is too simplistictoo simplistic..Must consider other factors that lead to exposure, Must consider other factors that lead to exposure, (i.e. contaminant generation rate, air mixing, etc.)(i.e. contaminant generation rate, air mixing, etc.)Increased airflow [may increase] contaminant Increased airflow [may increase] contaminant generation and distribution throughout the spacegeneration and distribution throughout the spaceMay lead to May lead to false sense of safetyfalse sense of safety

Answer: Not NecessarilyAnswer: Not Necessarily

Alternatives to simply increasing ACH: Alternatives to simply increasing ACH:

Base air exchange rate on contaminant generationBase air exchange rate on contaminant generationReview lab practices Review lab practices Attain proper air mix ratios Attain proper air mix ratios Reduce overall ACH to save energy and increase Reduce overall ACH to save energy and increase ACH as needed via ACH as needed via smart controlssmart controls

CA Ventilation Code Requirements:CA Ventilation Code Requirements:Code in Effect Code in Effect Ventilation Requirements Ventilation Requirements CommentsComments

California Building California Building Code 2001Code 2001

B Labs:B Labs:

6 ACH 6 ACH

HH--8 Labs8 Labs: 1 cfm/sf : 1 cfm/sf 12 ft ceiling = 5 ACH12 ft ceiling = 5 ACH10 ft ceiling = 6 ACH10 ft ceiling = 6 ACH8 ft ceiling = 7.5 ACH8 ft ceiling = 7.5 ACH

In effect through In effect through December, 2007December, 2007

Existing Existing ConstructionConstruction

California MechanicalCalifornia MechanicalCode 2007Code 2007

B B ResearchResearch

Labs:Labs:

0.43cfm/sf0.43cfm/sf12 ft ceiling = 3.5 ACH12 ft ceiling = 3.5 ACH10 ft ceiling = 4.2 ACH10 ft ceiling = 4.2 ACH8 ft ceiling = 5.25 ACH8 ft ceiling = 5.25 ACH

BBScience ClassroomScience Classroom/L /L (H(H--8): 8): 1 cfm/1 cfm/sfsf

Effective 1/2008Effective 1/2008Refers to Refers to

ASHRAE 62.1ASHRAE 62.1--20042004New ConstructionNew ConstructionNo category for No category for

university research university research labslabs

*Need *Need Alternative Means of ProtectionAlternative Means of Protection from CA State Fire Marshal for less than from CA State Fire Marshal for less than minimum required ventilationminimum required ventilation

AgendaAgenda

Smart Lab Overview Smart Lab Overview Centralized Demand Controlled VentilationCentralized Demand Controlled VentilationLow Flow Fume HoodsLow Flow Fume HoodsExhaust System OptimizationExhaust System OptimizationLaboratory Smart Lighting ControlsLaboratory Smart Lighting ControlsSmart Lab Case Study: Gross HallSmart Lab Case Study: Gross HallQuestion and Answer SessionQuestion and Answer Session

SashAirfoil

Work Surface

Exhaust Plenum

Baffle

Increased Hood Depth

Operate safely at lower face velocities (i.e. 70 FPM rather than 100 FPM)

Low Flow (high performance) Fume HoodsLow Flow (high performance) Fume Hoods

UCI Low Flow Fume Hood Study UCI Low Flow Fume Hood Study 20082008

Both traditional and low flow fume hoods Both traditional and low flow fume hoods were subjected to 168 ASHRAE 110 testswere subjected to 168 ASHRAE 110 testsLow flow hoods performed better than Low flow hoods performed better than standard hoods at 80 & 100 fpm standard hoods at 80 & 100 fpm -- fully fully open sashopen sash

Tracer gas results were well below the Tracer gas results were well below the 0.1ppm 0.1ppm as usedas used ASHRAE criteriaASHRAE criteriaLow flow hoods save energy, particularly in Low flow hoods save energy, particularly in constant volume systemsconstant volume systemsLow flow hoods may also be a good solution Low flow hoods may also be a good solution in buildings with limited HVAC capacityin buildings with limited HVAC capacity

Flow & Cost ComparisonFlow & Cost ComparisonHVAC HVAC System Type System Type and Fume and Fume Hood Hood EquipmentEquipment

Flow at 100 fpm Flow at 100 fpm nominal face velocity nominal face velocity Annual Cost at $5 per Annual Cost at $5 per CFMCFM

Flow at 80 fpm Flow at 80 fpm nominal face velocity nominal face velocity Annual Cost at $5 per Annual Cost at $5 per CFMCFM

Flow at 70 fpm Flow at 70 fpm nominal face velocity nominal face velocity Annual Cost at $5 per Annual Cost at $5 per CFMCFM

Constant Air Constant Air VolumeVolume

900 CFM900 CFM$4500$4500

720 CFM720 CFM$3600$3600

630 CFM630 CFM$3150$3150

Variable Air Variable Air Volume Volume (VAV)(VAV)

Good: 682 CFM/$3410Good: 682 CFM/$3410Poor: 851 CFM/$4255Poor: 851 CFM/$4255

Good: 568 CFM/$2840Good: 568 CFM/$2840Poor: 686 CFM/$3430Poor: 686 CFM/$3430

Good: 511 CFM/$2555Good: 511 CFM/$2555Poor: 604 CFM/$3020Poor: 604 CFM/$3020

VAV with ZPSVAV with ZPS Good: 492 CFM/$2460Good: 492 CFM/$2460Poor: 558 CFM/$2790Poor: 558 CFM/$2790

Good: 470 CFM/$2350Good: 470 CFM/$2350Poor: 539 CFM/$2695Poor: 539 CFM/$2695

Good: 462 CFM/$2310Good: 462 CFM/$2310Poor: 530 CFM/$2650Poor: 530 CFM/$2650

VAV with VAV with ASCASC

361 CFM361 CFM$1,805$1,805

343 CFM343 CFM$1,715$1,715

335 CFM335 CFM$