Welcomes You all to the…. Software Defined Radio

Prospects and Strategies for DevelopmentBy

Rajan T Joseph ED,C-DAC,Trivandrum

25th April 2005Elitex – 2005 New Delhi

Agenda

Introduction SDR Technology Frame work of R&D Discussions

C-DAC – Centre for Development of Advanced Computing

• A merged entity of the 4 Societies under DIT indicated below

• Spread out at 10 locations with 14 Labs and about 2000 work force

• Expertise and Infrastructure to take up multidiscipline, complex projects and system

CEDTI - Mohali(Centre for Electronics Design and Technology, India)

ER&DCI – Thiruvananthapuram, Noida, Kolkata(Electronics Research & Development Centre, India) NCST – Mumbai, Bangalore, Navi Mumbai(National Centre for Software Technology)

C-DAC – Pune, Bangalore, New Delhi, Hyderabad, Chennai, Kolkata

(Centre for Development of Advanced Computing)

C-DAC, Trivandrum Established by Govt. of Kerala in 1974 as an

autonomous Scientific Society to promote R&D in Electronics

Taken over by Govt. of India in 1988 and made an autonomous Scientific Society under Dept. of Electronics

Merged with ER&DC India, a national level Scientific Society in December 1994

Merged with CDAC in 2002

Staff Strength over 500

Areas of research Control & Instrumentation

Power Electronics

Underwater Electronics

ASIC Design

Networking

E-Governance

Broadcast & Communications

Broadcast and CommunicationsExecuting projects in advanced area of Broadcast and

Communications with expertise in Protocol Stack Analog and Mixed Signal Design Communication algorithms RF Trans-Receivers Embedded systems Real-time systems Device Drivers, GUI & Data Base

Major Projects

TETRA Hand Held TETRA Base Station TETRA Protocol Stacks CDART 1-Advanced Hand Portable IP Telephone Watermarking Digital Audio Lawful Interception of VoIP Traffic

IP TelephoneIP Telephone

C-DAC SDR Related Projects/ Achievements•A DIT study project on SDR completed in 2004

-Opportunity to study the complex SDR technology in brief,understand the need for SDR and,generate a Vision in the forward path for SDR Projects

-Study report available in DIT web site

•Development of the TETRA Base Station based on semi-SDR architecture

•Meetings with different R&D Organizations on SDR activities

•SDR-FORUM membership

SDR FORUM SDR Forum is an open - non profit

corporation dedicated to supporting the development, deployment and use of open architecture for advanced wireless system.

Initially known as MMITS More than 60 member companies C-DAC is a member of SDR Forum

SDR DefinedThe term SDR is used to describe radios that provide

software control of a variety of modulation techniques,

wideband or narrowband operation, communication

security functions and waveform requirements of current

and evolving standards over a broad frequency range.

Not a single technological breakthrough – rather a

collection of implementation technologies that enable

configurability.

ScopeThe Mobile communication is strangled by a multitude of

standardswith wide diversity in:

Bandwidth Modulation methods Error protections Protocols TDMA/FDMA schemes……

Every new standard boasts unification, but this never happens.The Civil, Government and Military scenarios have different needs.System architects and users are equally baffled by this process.Large revenue is wasted to maintain rusty junks of hardware.World over, the search for intelligent radios is on. Multiband, Multimode capability will pave way to future-proof

radios.The Software Defined Radio is destined to take over.

Conventional Radio

TO DSP

ADC

DAC

DAC

ADC

Q

Q

I

I

TX SYNTH

RX SYNTH

Duplexer

F

F

FF

Analog

Multibandantenna

Multibandantenna

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tem

QuadratureupconverterQuadratureupconverter

Quadraturedownconverter

Quadraturedownconverter

RF Poweramplifier

RF Poweramplifier

RF low-noiseamplifier

RF low-noiseamplifier

AGCAGC

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WidebandDAC

WidebandDAC

WidebandDAC

WidebandDAC

I

Q

I

Q

WidebandADC

WidebandADC

WidebandADC

WidebandADC

Direct Conversion Architecture

Direct Conversion Architecture

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I-F upconverter

Digital I-F

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Digital I-F

downconverter

Digital I-F

downconverter

WidebandDAC

WidebandDAC

WidebandADC

WidebandADC

RFupconverter

RFupconverter

RF downconverter

RF downconverter

RF Poweramplifier

RF Poweramplifier

RF low-noiseamplifier

RF low-noiseamplifier

AGCAGC

Multibandantenna

Multibandantenna

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I-FI-F

I-FI-FI

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IF Based ArchitectureIF Based Architecture

Benefits• A single Hardware for Multimode, multiband and multifunctional Wireless Systems

• Software Upgrade for add on functionalities

• Customization of a single generic hardware for diverse needs

• Higher levels of software reusability

• Lower costs to meet new user demands

• Lower time to market new terminals

FEATURES OF SDR SDR provides solutions for the legacy system as well as emerging

wireless technologies spanning over 2G, 3G and beyond. Radios built using SDR concepts offer:

  Standard architecture for a wide range of communications products

Non-restrictive wireless roaming for consumers by extending the capabilities of current and emerging commercial air-interface standards

Uniform communication across commercial, civil, federal and military organizations

Potential for significant life-cycle cost reductions Over the air downloads of new features and services as well as

software patches Advanced networking capabilities to allow truly "portable"

networks

Network flexibility and spectrum utilization enhanced using SDR

Software downloads for SDR product and service upgrades, enhancements

SDR exploited to enable fewer, more flexible product platforms

Software Defined Radio

1G

2G

3G

4G

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

Cap

abil

itie

s an

d S

ervi

ces

SDR APPLICATION in WIRELESS SYSTEMS

ADVANTAGES OF SDR SDR provides the following advantages to the stakeholders:

For subscribers – easier international roaming, improved and more flexible services increased personalization and choice.For network operators – the potential to rapidly develop and introduce new, personalized and customized services, tools for increased customer retention, new added-value services and revenue streams, reduced costs of network evolution and enhancement, increased flexibility of spectrum management and usage.For handset and base station manufacturers – the promise of new economies of scale, increased production flexibility and improved, and more rapid, product evolution.For regulators – the prospect of increased spectrum efficiency, better use of a scarce resource.

SDR EVOLUTION

  1970 - MULTIMODE VHF RADIO 1980 - TACTICAL ANTI JAM RADIOS WITH E WAVEFORM MODULES 1990 - MULTIBAND, MULTIMODE - SPEAKeasy 2000 - RE-CONFIGURABLE RADIO PLATFORMS 2005 - MULTI-MODE BASE STATIONS 2010 - SDR BASED USER TERMINALS

In the final decade of twentieth century, SDR made an incredibly rapid transition, within perhaps just 5 years, from an obscure military and academic concept to a commercial credibility in the mobile communication market.

EuropeanVision of

Re-congurableRadio Systems

& Networks

Initial Concept Of Software

Radio

Network

Base Station

Terminal

Military CommercialVoice, Low- Data Rate

Broadband Multimedia

Enabling Technologies ADC – the single most demanding performance DAC similar to ADC requirements DDC / DUC – (Digital down/up converters) programmable embedded

DSP functionalities with NCO for RSP/TSP with frequency hopping capability

FPGAs/ASICs : Embedded DSP functionalities DSP : meet computational overheads of base band processing Host Processor : Application Programs, Protocol stacks, system

controls Operating System Broadband RF Front End

Direct Conversion / IF digitization, high dynamic range Receiver,

Linearized Upconverters and Transmitters

• SDR technology has some drawbacks like higher power consumption, higher processing power (MIPS) requirement, increased complexity of software and higher initial costs

• The extent of SDR progress will be decided largely by RF technology

• Higher communication rates are accelerating higher processing requirements on DSP.

• SDR “solutions” are currently available for cellular and PCS base stations as well as fixed station military applications.

• Technology not yet ripe for hand-sets.

• SDR has already been adopted by many infrastructure manufacturers as their core platform

SDR – the status quo

SDR Standards

Software Communications Architecture specifications (SCAS) from United States Joint Tactical Radio System

Distributed Object Computing Software Radio Architecture (DOCSRA) from

SDR Forum’s Mobile Working Group

Areas of Skill required

Radio systems Antennas RF Design Modulation Demodulation Error control coding A to D conversion(HF) D to A conversion(HF)DSP Algorithms

FPGA /ASIC DesignOS development Network Control and Management S/W Communication protocols Multiple Access Techniques Application softwareSecure Software Download

Major Activities & Challenges

Parallel development of H/W and S/W Extensive simulations of RF and DSP The Antenna/RF subsystem (AIU) The digital IF modem: ASIC, FPGA, DSP Application program development OS development Protocol stacks – various standards Secure Software Download mechanisms

Reconfigurable Wireless Sub-Systems

AntennaRadio TransceiverBase band ProcessingApplications and services, e.g., to

ensure a committed QoS

Reconfigurable Systems Key Objectives and General Requirements

Adaptation of the radio interface to varying deployment environment and air interface standards

Provision of new applications and services

Software updatesEnabling full exploitation of flexible

heterogeneous radio network services.

Requirements – three distinct groups

Radio Configuration ControlCreation and provision of services

to reconfigurable terminals (over converging networks and various Air Interface)

User profile, terminal, access network and location management

SDR DEVELOPMENT TASKS DIVISION

SOFTWARE-55%

HARDWARE-25%

APPLICATIONS-20%

Broadcast and CommunicationsExecuting projects in advanced area of Broadcast and

Communications with expertise in Protocol Stack Analog and Mixed Signal Design Communication algorithms RF Trans-Receivers Embedded systems Real-time systems Device Drivers, GUI & Data Base

Research Areas Generic Reconfigurable Architecture

with distributed Intelligence Network Reconfiguration Management Adaptive Protocols Adaptive Base band Object Oriented Hardware Reconfiguration Radio Resource Management, RRM & JRRM Mode Identification & Monitoring Methods Reconfigurable RF subsystems User Requirements - Statistical Study

Need for SDR technology development

• High IPR content

• Need for indigenous base on strategic reasons

• The technology of tomorrow’s Wireless

• Military and Commercial interest

• Success of 3G and beyond depends heavily on SDR

Participating Organisation   DEAL - HARDWARE LRDE - ENCRYPTION CDoT - SOFTWARE/HARDWARE CRL - ANTENNA IISc - SPEECH CODES CEWIT - PROTOCOL/ALGORITHM SAMEER - EMI/EMC/ANTENNA IIT - PROTOCOL/ALGORITHM C-DAC - HARDWARE/SOFTWARE

CDAC in RetrospectCDAC in Retrospect

• Embedded Hardware

• Digital Signal Processing

• Operating Systems

• Protocol Stacks

• TETRA Digital Mobile Radio

• TETRA Base Station

• Embedded Hardware

• Digital Signal Processing

• Operating Systems

• Protocol Stacks

• TETRA Digital Mobile Radio

• TETRA Base Station

They stand us in good stead

Lab3

SDR-Technology Development Path

Lab n

Lab 2

Lab 1

2005 2007 2010

SDR-TDP

SDR-TDP

SDR-TDP

SDR-TDP

SDR Technology

SDR Products/Application

Special Customer Needs

SDR User inputs Outputs to Industry

Reference Platforms

Development Platforms

National Mission Project on SDR Technology Development

SDR Mission Project- Steering Group

MoD

BEL

DEAL DRDO

MCIT

C-DAC C-DoT

Sameer CEWT

Service Providers

GSM CDMA

Project Co-Ordination Group - DIT

Technology ProductsKnowledge Base

Awareness

User/Application/IndustryPresentation/Training

IPRsPapers

MHRD

IITs IISc

5 Y

ears

– 1

20 C

rore

s

SD

R F

oru

m, A

rmy,

CO

AI

The VISIONFoster future-proof wireless technology and bring

it to the forefront of competing standards, with scalability to cater to the diverse communication

needs of the nation.

The MISSION

Through a convergence of research talents among various organizations,

develop indigenous SDR technology with hardware, firmware and software

solutions necessary to materialize the vision, generate intellectual property

rights and pave the way for a renewed wireless industry activity capable of global presence, through transfer of

manufacturing technology of scalable SDR products by 2010.

SDR ….Important REFERENCES

1. Software Defined Radio:Origins,Drivers and International PerspectivesBy Tuttlebee

2. Software Defined Radio:Enabling TechnologiesBy Tuttlebee

3. Software Defined Radio- Selected ReadingsBy Mitola and Zvonar

4. SDR study Report By C-DAC (www.mit.gov.in)

5. SDR Forum web site www.sdrforum.org

Thanks a lot…