wellington county

WELLINGTON COUNTYWELLINGTON COUNTY

Auto ExtricationAuto Extrication

OverviewOverview

Apparatus Response to MVCs - Know Apparatus Response to MVCs - Know Your RoleYour Role

Vehicle StabilizationVehicle Stabilization Extrication TechniquesExtrication Techniques Pneumatic Lifting BagsPneumatic Lifting Bags Hybrids and Electric VehiclesHybrids and Electric Vehicles Holmatro BookHolmatro Book

Crew OrganizationCrew Organization A systematic approach to vehicle extrication A systematic approach to vehicle extrication

is the best way to ensure that tasks are is the best way to ensure that tasks are performed as quickly yet as effectively as performed as quickly yet as effectively as possible.possible.

The only way to effectively perform a The only way to effectively perform a systematic rescue is through team work.systematic rescue is through team work.

In order for a team to work in perfect unison In order for a team to work in perfect unison they have to they have to know exactly what is expected know exactly what is expected of themof them and have confidence in their abilities and have confidence in their abilities and skills to perform their specific tasks.and skills to perform their specific tasks.

The ideal number of rescuers for a simple The ideal number of rescuers for a simple single occupant entrapment is approximately single occupant entrapment is approximately 5-65-6

Actions of First Arriving Rescue Actions of First Arriving Rescue to Simple Single Occupant to Simple Single Occupant

EntrapmentEntrapmentOfficer of Rescue:Officer of Rescue: Arrival reportArrival report Take commandTake command Assign one crew member as “medic”Assign one crew member as “medic” Assign crew (except medic) to outer and Assign crew (except medic) to outer and

inner circle checksinner circle checks Assign one crew member “in charge” of Assign one crew member “in charge” of

cribbingcribbing 360° Size up (if possible)360° Size up (if possible) Think of a Think of a Plan A and BPlan A and B


EntrapmentEntrapmentCrew of Rescue:Crew of Rescue: Outer and inner circle checks – update Captain of Outer and inner circle checks – update Captain of

all hazards and remove/isolate/protectall hazards and remove/isolate/protect ““Medic” make verbal patient contactMedic” make verbal patient contact Crib the vehicle as per firefighter in charge of Crib the vehicle as per firefighter in charge of

cribbingcribbing Listen for Plan A and B from CaptainListen for Plan A and B from Captain Disconnect Battery (Both terminals – Negative Disconnect Battery (Both terminals – Negative

first)first) Glass managementGlass management Make access for “Medic” or EMSMake access for “Medic” or EMS Proceed with Plan AProceed with Plan A


EntrapmentEntrapmentDriver of Rescue:Driver of Rescue: Use truck as initial blocker to protect crew and Use truck as initial blocker to protect crew and

scenescene Chock wheelsChock wheels Set up tool staging area close to vehicle with Set up tool staging area close to vehicle with ALLALL

extrication tools extrication tools set up and ready to goset up and ready to go Set up lighting as requiredSet up lighting as required Keep tool staging area as well as extrication work Keep tool staging area as well as extrication work

circle tidy and organizedcircle tidy and organized If a firefighter has to go to your truck to get a If a firefighter has to go to your truck to get a

piece of equipment, you’re not doing your job!piece of equipment, you’re not doing your job! Watch for trip hazardsWatch for trip hazards STAY OUT OF THE EXTRICATIONSTAY OUT OF THE EXTRICATION


EntrapmentEntrapment

Second Pump/Aerial Arrives On Second Pump/Aerial Arrives On SceneScene

Officer of Rescue:Officer of Rescue: Pass command to Officer of second in pump/aerial and assume Rescue Pass command to Officer of second in pump/aerial and assume Rescue

SectorSector

Officer of Pump/Aerial:Officer of Pump/Aerial: Assume CommandAssume Command

Crew of Second Pump/Aerial:Crew of Second Pump/Aerial: ChargedCharged 38mm (1½”) hand line minimum 38mm (1½”) hand line minimum Stay out of the extrication unless requested by Rescue Sector OfficerStay out of the extrication unless requested by Rescue Sector Officer

Driver of Second Pump/Aerial:Driver of Second Pump/Aerial: Stage truck as scene blocker (protect rescue)Stage truck as scene blocker (protect rescue) Chock wheelsChock wheels Pylons outPylons out Charge the hoseCharge the hose Lighting as requiredLighting as required

Second Pump/Aerial Arrives On Second Pump/Aerial Arrives On SceneScene

Roadways with speeds of 90 km/h or less:

When an incident is of a nature that firefighters will be laying hose or otherwise working on the roadway, apparatus should be positioned to provide a safe work zone for the firefighters, until police assume traffic control.

Roadways with speeds of 90 km/h or less:

Where apparatus will be parked without protection of a “Blocker”, vehicle traffic cones should be used by apparatus operators to control traffic flow around the parked vehicle, giving enough room for a walkable safety zone around the vehicle.

Vehicle StabilizationVehicle Stabilization

Vehicle StabilizationVehicle Stabilization Primary goal of stabilization is to maximize the area of Primary goal of stabilization is to maximize the area of

contact between the vehicle and the ground to contact between the vehicle and the ground to prevent any sudden or unexpected movement of the prevent any sudden or unexpected movement of the vehicle.vehicle.

NEVER test the stability of the vehicle as it is found.NEVER test the stability of the vehicle as it is found.

Three typical resting positions of a vehicle after collision:Three typical resting positions of a vehicle after collision: UprightUpright On its sideOn its side Upside downUpside down

Other (i.e. piggyback vehicles)Other (i.e. piggyback vehicles)

Vehicle on its WheelsVehicle on its Wheels

Chock WheelsChock Wheels Minimum 4 point cribMinimum 4 point crib Placed behind front wheel well and in Placed behind front wheel well and in

front of rear wheel well on both sides front of rear wheel well on both sides (ideal)(ideal)

6 point crib – vehicle in danger of 6 point crib – vehicle in danger of collapsingcollapsing– Installed under the middle of both sides Installed under the middle of both sides

of the vehicle (below B-posts)of the vehicle (below B-posts)

Vehicle on its WheelsVehicle on its Wheels

Vehicle on its SideVehicle on its Side

To ensure that the vehicle does not To ensure that the vehicle does not fall over, place wedges under A and C fall over, place wedges under A and C pillars as well as the under side.pillars as well as the under side.

Be aware of “fall zone”Be aware of “fall zone” Shore the under side with Res-Q-JacksShore the under side with Res-Q-Jacks Depending on the situation it may be Depending on the situation it may be

necessary to use the Jacks to stabilize necessary to use the Jacks to stabilize the roof side of the vehicle.the roof side of the vehicle.

Vehicle on its SideVehicle on its Side

Vehicle on its RoofVehicle on its Roof

Crib the roof rails between the back of the Crib the roof rails between the back of the vehicle and the groundvehicle and the ground

Add additional cribbing to the space Add additional cribbing to the space between the engine compartment and the between the engine compartment and the windshield for additional stabilitywindshield for additional stability

Wedges under the front of the vehicle to Wedges under the front of the vehicle to prevent forward movementprevent forward movement

Necessary to use Res-Q-Jacks if roof Necessary to use Res-Q-Jacks if roof supports will be compromised during supports will be compromised during extrication (i.e. inverted roof flop)extrication (i.e. inverted roof flop)


Wedges

Piggyback VehiclesPiggyback Vehicles

Goal is to make both vehicles “one”Goal is to make both vehicles “one” Stabilize lower vehicle first then stabilize Stabilize lower vehicle first then stabilize

upper vehicleupper vehicle If patient is trapped in lower vehicle, If patient is trapped in lower vehicle,

ratcheting upper vehicle to lower is ratcheting upper vehicle to lower is sufficientsufficient

If patient is trapped in upper vehicle, If patient is trapped in upper vehicle, ratchet vehicles together but use Res-Q-ratchet vehicles together but use Res-Q-Jacks for added support on the upper Jacks for added support on the upper vehiclevehicle

Piggyback VehiclesPiggyback Vehicles

Extrication TechniquesExtrication Techniques

Extrication TechniquesExtrication Techniques

Firefighter and patient safety should Firefighter and patient safety should be foremost in the Officers’ mind when be foremost in the Officers’ mind when selecting a Plan A and Bselecting a Plan A and B

Choose the easiest route availableChoose the easiest route available Try before you pryTry before you pry Firefighters and Officers need to know Firefighters and Officers need to know

the common names of the various the common names of the various extrication techniques and how to extrication techniques and how to perform them to prevent delay during perform them to prevent delay during an extricationan extrication

Common Extrication Common Extrication TechniquesTechniques

Door popDoor pop Full sideFull side Third door conversionThird door conversion C-post liftC-post lift Roof flapRoof flap Inverted roof flapInverted roof flap Horseshoe/Trench cutHorseshoe/Trench cut TunnelTunnel Dash lift/roll (ram & spreaders)Dash lift/roll (ram & spreaders)


Door Pop:Door Pop: Removal of a single doorRemoval of a single door Used when patient is criticalUsed when patient is critical


Full Side:Full Side: Removal of both front and back Removal of both front and back

doors including B-postdoors including B-post Full C-spine for front seat passengersFull C-spine for front seat passengers


Third Door Conversion:Third Door Conversion: Creating a wider opening on two-Creating a wider opening on two-

door vehiclesdoor vehicles Allows access to rear seat Allows access to rear seat

passengerspassengers Full C-spine for front seat passengersFull C-spine for front seat passengers


C-Post Lift:C-Post Lift: Used when side access of vehicle is Used when side access of vehicle is

limited or blockedlimited or blocked Full C-spine for front seat passengersFull C-spine for front seat passengers Very quickVery quick


Roof Flap:Roof Flap:


Inverted Roof Flap:Inverted Roof Flap:


Horseshoe / Trench cut:Horseshoe / Trench cut:


Tunnel:Tunnel: Access is made through the rear of Access is made through the rear of

the vehiclethe vehicle Great for vans, SUVs and hatchbacksGreat for vans, SUVs and hatchbacks Full C-spine for all patientsFull C-spine for all patients


Dash Roll:Dash Roll:Helps free leg entrapmentsHelps free leg entrapments


Dash Lift:Dash Lift: Helps free leg entrapmentsHelps free leg entrapments

Pneumatic Lifting BagsPneumatic Lifting Bags


Various shapes and Various shapes and sizessizes

High, medium and High, medium and low pressurelow pressure


RULES:RULES: Plan operation before starting the workPlan operation before starting the work Be familiar with equipmentBe familiar with equipment Have an adequate air supply and sufficient Have an adequate air supply and sufficient

cribbing on hand before beginning operationscribbing on hand before beginning operations Position bags on or against a solid surfacePosition bags on or against a solid surface Never inflate bags against sharp objects – use Never inflate bags against sharp objects – use

protective matsprotective mats Never inflate bags fully unless they are under Never inflate bags fully unless they are under

load (4 bar max when not under load)load (4 bar max when not under load) Inflate bags slowly and monitor them Inflate bags slowly and monitor them

continuously for any shiftingcontinuously for any shifting

Pneumatic Lifting BagsPneumatic Lifting Bags Never work under a load supported only by lifting bagsNever work under a load supported only by lifting bags Do not stand in front of pressurized bagsDo not stand in front of pressurized bags Shore up the load with enough cribbing to support the Shore up the load with enough cribbing to support the

load in case of bag failureload in case of bag failure Interrupt the process frequently to increase cribbing – Interrupt the process frequently to increase cribbing –

lift an inch, crib an inchlift an inch, crib an inch Ensure that the top tier is solid when using box Ensure that the top tier is solid when using box

cribbingcribbing Avoid exposing bags to materials hotter than 220°F Avoid exposing bags to materials hotter than 220°F

(104°C).(104°C). Never stack more than two bags; centre the bags with Never stack more than two bags; centre the bags with

smaller bag on top and inflate the bottom bag first (½ smaller bag on top and inflate the bottom bag first (½ full), then inflate the top bag fully.full), then inflate the top bag fully.

Pneumatic Lifting BagsPneumatic Lifting BagsMax Lifting Capacity:Max Lifting Capacity: Small – 20.8 US tons or 41600 lbsSmall – 20.8 US tons or 41600 lbs Large – 34.2 US tons or 68400 lbsLarge – 34.2 US tons or 68400 lbs

Question: What is the maximum lifting capacity if we stack the Question: What is the maximum lifting capacity if we stack the small and large bags?small and large bags?

Answer: 20.8 US tonsAnswer: 20.8 US tons

Question: What is the maximum lifting capacity if we place the Question: What is the maximum lifting capacity if we place the two bags side by side and inflate simultaneously?two bags side by side and inflate simultaneously?

Answer: 55 US tonsAnswer: 55 US tons


Stacked bags can only lift the capacity of the lowest rated bag

The lifting capacity can be increased by placing two bags side by side and inflating simultaneously

Hybrids and 100% Electric Hybrids and 100% Electric VehiclesVehicles

Response for Electric Response for Electric VehiclesVehicles

1.1. Identify that the vehicle is equipped Identify that the vehicle is equipped with hybrid technology or is 100% with hybrid technology or is 100% electricelectric

2.2. Stabilize vehicleStabilize vehicle

3.3. Take reasonable steps to de-energize Take reasonable steps to de-energize the high voltage system the high voltage system andand SRS SRS

4.4. Identify the location of High Voltage Identify the location of High Voltage components prior to extricationcomponents prior to extrication

Identification of Hybrid Identification of Hybrid VehiclesVehicles

Identification of Electric Identification of Electric VehiclesVehicles

2011 Nissan Leaf2011 Nissan Leaf

Identification of Electric Identification of Electric VehiclesVehicles

2011 Chevrolet Volt2011 Chevrolet Volt

StabilizationStabilization The greatest hazard when dealing with The greatest hazard when dealing with

electric vehicles is the transmission is in electric vehicles is the transmission is in “Drive” with no signs of the vehicle “Drive” with no signs of the vehicle being powered upbeing powered up

Chock the tires of suspected electric Chock the tires of suspected electric vehicles before making accessvehicles before making access

Do not crib vehicle under the Li-ion Do not crib vehicle under the Li-ion battery (Volt, Leaf)battery (Volt, Leaf)

Do not place pneumatic lifting bags Do not place pneumatic lifting bags under high voltage components under high voltage components

De-energizing High Voltage De-energizing High Voltage SystemsSystems

There are a couple ways to de-There are a couple ways to de-energize the high voltage systemsenergize the high voltage systems

Primary Method:Primary Method:Turn OFF the vehicle Turn OFF the vehicle Remove contacts to the 12V service Remove contacts to the 12V service batterybattery

De-energizing High Voltage De-energizing High Voltage SystemsSystems

Alternative Method: Remove High-Voltage Service Remove High-Voltage Service

Disconnect PlugDisconnect Plug

Removing High Voltage Removing High Voltage Service Disconnect PlugService Disconnect Plug

The service disconnect plug provides a The service disconnect plug provides a means to disconnect the high-voltage means to disconnect the high-voltage battery for safely servicing vehiclebattery for safely servicing vehicle

The individual cells inside battery pack The individual cells inside battery pack will still be chargedwill still be charged

Do not cut into high-voltage battery Do not cut into high-voltage battery case or penetrate batteries at any timecase or penetrate batteries at any time

Removing High Voltage Removing High Voltage Service Disconnect PlugService Disconnect Plug

Additional Built-in Safety Systems

Inertia Switch – Fuel Pump Shut-off In the event of a collision or a

substantial physical jolt, the switch is designed to open automatically, shutting off electrical power to the fuel pump and the high-voltage shut-off switch.


Inertia Switch – High Voltage Cut-off In the event of a collision or a

substantial physical jolt, the switch is designed to open automatically, disabling the high-voltage system.


High-Voltage Fuse In the event of a high-current short

circuit, the high-voltage fuse will open, disabling the high-voltage system.


High-Voltage Interlock Circuit Whenever a high-voltage connector

is disconnected, the high-voltage interlock circuit opens and disables the high-voltage system.


Thermal Sensors In the event the ignition key is left in

the ON position, while the vehicle is parked and the high-voltage battery temperature exceeds 60°C (140°F), thermal sensors located inside the high-voltage battery will automatically disconnect the high-voltage battery.

SRS are powered by the 12V SRS are powered by the 12V service battery only!service battery only!

De-energizing the high voltage De-energizing the high voltage system alone will system alone will NOTNOT de-energize de-energize

the SRSthe SRS

ALWAYS attempt to disconnect ALWAYS attempt to disconnect the 12V service battery prior to the 12V service battery prior to

extrication on extrication on ANYANY vehicle vehicle

Turning OFF the VehicleTurning OFF the Vehicle Some vehicle have a “smart key” that Some vehicle have a “smart key” that

does not go into the dash, the driver may does not go into the dash, the driver may carry it on their person or in a briefcasecarry it on their person or in a briefcase

The key only has to be within a certain The key only has to be within a certain distance from the dash to activate and distance from the dash to activate and deactivate the ignition systemdeactivate the ignition system

There may be just a button on the dash There may be just a button on the dash area that you have to push to turn the area that you have to push to turn the ignition offignition off

12V Service Battery 12V Service Battery LocationsLocations

In hybrids, most 12V batteries are In hybrids, most 12V batteries are located under the hoodlocated under the hood

Chevrolet Volt – left side trunkChevrolet Volt – left side trunk VW Touareg – under driver seatVW Touareg – under driver seat Smart – front passenger foot wellSmart – front passenger foot well

Identifying High Voltage Identifying High Voltage Components Before ExtricationComponents Before Extrication Rescue Sector Officers should Rescue Sector Officers should

reference the Holmatro Guide and reference the Holmatro Guide and any other resources available (i.e. any other resources available (i.e. owners manuals) before extricationowners manuals) before extrication

Everyone involved in the extrication Everyone involved in the extrication should be aware of the location of all should be aware of the location of all High Voltage components (Orange)High Voltage components (Orange)

Holmatro Rescue Guide Holmatro Rescue Guide to Vehicle Safety to Vehicle Safety

SystemsSystems

Holmatro Guide BookHolmatro Guide Book

A A guideguide containing information on a variety of containing information on a variety of automotive safety equipment and associated automotive safety equipment and associated components components

One book on each RescueOne book on each Rescue Same information on all the computersSame information on all the computers Identify the make, model and year of the Identify the make, model and year of the

vehiclevehicle Then look it up in the book or on the computerThen look it up in the book or on the computer If you don’t know the year of the vehicle, use If you don’t know the year of the vehicle, use

the 10the 10thth digit rule digit rule

1010thth Digit Rule Digit Rule

Since 1981 every VIN contains 17 Since 1981 every VIN contains 17 characterscharacters

Tenth character always identifies Tenth character always identifies vehicle’s model yearvehicle’s model year

Identify the 10Identify the 10thth character of the VIN character of the VIN and then look it up in the quick and then look it up in the quick reference chart (page 1-5)reference chart (page 1-5)

1010thth Digit Rule Digit RuleA – 1980A – 1980 L – 1990L – 1990 Y - 2000Y - 2000B – 1981B – 1981 M – 1991M – 1991 1 - 20011 - 2001C – 1982C – 1982 N – 1992N – 1992 2 - 20022 - 2002D – 1983D – 1983 P – 1993P – 1993 3 - 20033 - 2003E – 1984E – 1984 R – 1994R – 1994 4 - 20044 - 2004F – 1985F – 1985 S – 1995S – 1995 5 - 20055 - 2005G – 1986G – 1986 T – 1996T – 1996 6 - 20066 - 2006H – 1987H – 1987 V - 1997V - 1997 7 - 20077 - 2007J – 1988J – 1988 W - 1998W - 1998 8 – 20088 – 2008K – 1989K – 1989 X - 1999X - 1999 9 - 20099 - 2009


A – 2010A – 2010 L – 2020L – 2020 Y - 2030Y - 2030B – 2011B – 2011 M – 2021M – 2021 1 - 20311 - 2031C – 2012C – 2012 N – 2022N – 20222 - 20322 - 2032D – 2013D – 2013 P – 2023P – 2023 3 - 20333 - 2033E – 2014E – 2014 R – 2024R – 2024 4 - 20344 - 2034F – 2015F – 2015 S – 2025S – 2025 5 - 20355 - 2035G – 2016G – 2016 T – 2026T – 2026 6 - 20366 - 2036H – 2017H – 2017 V - 2027V - 2027 7 - 20377 - 2037J – 2018J – 2018 W - 2028W - 2028 8 – 20388 – 2038K – 2019K – 2019 X - 2029X - 2029 9 - 20399 - 2039


2010 and 1980 both use the letter ‘A’2010 and 1980 both use the letter ‘A’ If you can’t tell the difference between If you can’t tell the difference between

a 2010 model year and a 1980 model a 2010 model year and a 1980 model year, look at the 7year, look at the 7thth digit of the VIN digit of the VIN

If the 7If the 7thth digit is a number, it is a digit is a number, it is a model between 1980-2009model between 1980-2009

If the 7If the 7thth digit is a letter, it is a model digit is a letter, it is a model between 2010-2039between 2010-2039

Holmatro Guide BookHolmatro Guide Book

Identifies location of:Identifies location of: AirbagsAirbags PretensionersPretensioners BatteriesBatteries Impact sensorsImpact sensors Gas strutsGas struts Rollover protection systemsRollover protection systems

Also identifies manufacturers stated drain Also identifies manufacturers stated drain down time for capacitorsdown time for capacitors

wellington county

Documents

arriving rescue

vehicle extrication

systematic rescue

sceneofficer of rescue

parked vehicle

vehicle traffic cones

rescue sector officerdriver

requiredsecond pumpaerial