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TRANSCRIPT
WEPA 12th Annual Meeting 28‐30 Nov. 2016, Hanoi, Viet Nam
Madhav Dev AcharyaWater and Energy Commission Secretariat
(WECS), Nepal
Outlook of the presentation:1. Country Background
2. Water Resources of the country
3. Policy and Legal Framework on water and environment
4. Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
5. Institutional Management
1. Country Background: Landlocked between China in the North and India in the East, West and South. Almost rectangular in shape Area: 1,47,181 km2
Himalayas and Mountains 43% hills 30% and ,Terai Plain ( Flat Land) 27% Varied Topography Within a short span (about193km)of widthranging from 64m to 8848m in altitude
1. Country Background: Generally mountainous region cold Hills mild and Plains
warm in climate. Population:
26.5 Million, Density: 180/Sq kmUrban: Rural=17:83
GDP : Total= US$24.06 billion Per capita= US$ 837
Major occupationAgriculture= 69%, Industry=12% and Others= 19%
Well‐known as the Land of the Mt. Everest and the birthplace of Lord Buddha
2. Water Resources: There are 6000 rivers and rivulets. Broadly classified into
three categories on the basis of their origin. Class:1. Originating from glaciers and snow‐fed lakes e.g. Koshi,
Gandaki, Karnali and Mahakali Rivers
Class:2. Originating from Mahabharat Mountain Range e.g. Babai, West Rapti, Bagmati, Kamala, Kankai and Mechi etc.
Class:3. Originating from Siwalik hills small rivers which mostly flow in the rainy season and rest of the time remains dry.
Estimated available surface water is 225 billion m3(BCM)per annum. Only 15 BCM per annum is in use 96% of which is used for agriculture.
Around 78% of the average flow is from the first category river basins
2. Water Resources:
Major River basins of Nepal
2. Water Resources: There are 3,252 glaciers and 2323 glacial lakes
Estimated ice reserve is 481 km3
Average Annual Precipitation: 1,500 ‐2,500mm
Groundwater Potential & its Uses Tarai, Dune Valleys and Kathmandu Valleys are the potential areas of shallow and/or deep aquifers
Total GW in Tarai ‐ about 8800 MCM Irrigation & industrial use ‐ 756 MCM andDrinking use ‐ 297 MCM Surplus GW in Tarai ‐ 7747 MCM
GW resources have not been investigated detailly yet inthe hills and mountains region.
3. Policy and Legal Framewok:
A. Policy and Plan: National Water Resources Strategy (2002) National Water Plan (2005) National Housing Policy (2011) Climate Change Policy (2011) National Adaptation Plan of Actions(NAPA) (2010) Hydropower Development Policy (2001) Irrigation Policy(2014) Assessment Guidelines of LAPAs on (2016) Water Induced Disaster Management Policy (2015) Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines (2015)
3. Policy and Legal Framework:
Environmental Friendly Local Governance Framework(2013) Hazardous Waste Management Policy(2010) Water Supply System Management Guidelines(2012) National Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Policy (2014) National Drinking Water Quality Standards(2010) Hydropower Development Policy (2005) Solid Waste Management Policy(2013) Water Sanitation and Hygiene National Sector Development
Plan(2015) (Under Draft condition) Integrated Water Resources Development Policy (Under
Draft condition): Based on the state re‐structuring framework guided by the Constitution of Nepal 2015
3. Policy and Legal Framework:B. Acts, Regulations and Related Laws: Constitution of Nepal(2015)
Part 3: Fundamental Rights and DutiesArticle 30: Right to clean environmentSub‐article (1): Every citizen shall have the right to live in aclean and healthy environment.Sub‐article (2): The victim shall have the right to obtain compensation, in accordance with law, for any injury caused from environmental pollution or degradation.Sub‐article (3): This Article shall not be deemed to prevent the making of necessary legal provisions for a proper balance between the environment and development, in development works of the nation.
3. Policy and Legal Framework:B. Acts, Regulations and Related Laws: Environment Protection Act (1997) Environment Protection Regulation (1997) Water Resources Act (1993) Water Resources Regulation (1993) Nepal Water Supply Corporation Act (1989) Drinking Water Regulation 1998 Electricity Act (1992) Industrial Enterprises Act (1992) Forest Act (1993) Formulation of Integrated Water Resources Act has been
started side by side with preparation of Integrated Water Resources Policy.
4. MDGs to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):A. MDGs (2000‐2015) Based on the Millennium Declaration of the UNGA
(September 2000), Nepal pledged to adopt the eight Millennium Development Goals
MDG 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability:Significant progress in using improved drinking‐water from 46 % in 1990 to 83.6 % in 2014 improved sanitation facility rose from 6 % in 1990 to 60.1% in 2014
4. MDGs to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):B. SDGs (2016‐2030) Ahead of the MDG deadline in 2015, the UN Open
Working Group for SDGs agreed set of 17 SDGs with 169 targets on a broad range of sustainable development issues for post‐ 2015 till 2030.
SDG 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
4. MDGs to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): The proposed SDG 6 targets for Nepal 2030 include the
following:
5. Institutional Management: Institutions working in water and environment:
Ministry of Energy http://www.moen.gov.np/ Ministry of Irrigation http://www.moir.gov.np Ministry of Water
Supply and Sanitation http://mowss.gov.np/ Water and Energy Commission
Secretariat (WECS) http://www.wecs.gov.np/ Department of Electricity
Development (DOED) http://www.doed.gov.np/• Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) http://www.nea.org.np/• Department of Forest (DOF) http://dof.gov.np/• Department of Soil Conservation and
Watershed Management (DSCWM) http://www.dscwm.gov.np/
5. Institutional Management: Institutions working in water and environment:
• Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM) http://www.dhm.gov.np/
• Department of National Parks and Wild Life Conservation (DNPWC) http://dnpwc.gov.np/
• Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM) http://www.dhm.gov.np/
• Department of Environment (DOE) http://doenv.gov.np/• Nepal Academy of Science and
Technology (NAST) http://nast.gov.np/new/• Alternate Energy Promotion Center (AEPC) http://www.aepc.gov.np/• Climate Change Council (CCC)• Environment Protection Council (EPC)• Department of Urban Development and Building
Construction (DUDBC) http://www dudbc gov np/
5. Institutional Management: Institutions working in water and environment:
• Department of Urban Development and Building Construction (DUDBC) http://www.dudbc.gov.np/
• Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS) http://www.dwss.gov.np/
• Department of Irrigation (DOI) http://doi.gov.np/• Department of Water Induced
Disaster Prevention (DWIDP) http://www.dwidp.gov.np/
References: Various government published and unpublished reports.