west chester university - an infrastructurean …zjiang/rsu_presentation.pdfsecond blast, on2:49:57...
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An InfrastructureAn Infrastructure--less Vehicle less Vehicle Counting without DisruptionCounting without Disruption
Jie Wu, Paul Sabatino, Jennifer Tsan, Zhen Jiang
CIS Dept., Temple University
Presenter: Zhen Jiang
E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected]
8/29/2014 ICPP 2014, Minneapolis, MN
CS Dept., West Chester Unviersity
Information Security Center, West Chester University
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OutlineOutline
� Introduction
� Target Problem
� Challenges
� Our Approach� Our Approach
� Experimental Results
� Conclusion
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IntroductionIntroduction
Name Status Date of Attack Location
James Martin Killed October 2, 2002, 6:04 p.m. Wheaton, Maryland
James Buchanan Killed October 3, 2002, 7:41 a.m. Rockville, Maryland
Premkumar Walekar Killed October 3, 2002, 8:12 a.m. Aspen Hill, Maryland
Sarah Ramos Killed October 3, 2002, 8:37 a.m. Silver Spring, Maryland
Lori Ann Lewis-Rivera Killed October 3, 2002, 9:58 a.m. Kensington, Maryland
� Motivated by the lessons we learnt from security tragedies
Early tip of white box truck
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Lori Ann Lewis-Rivera Killed October 3, 2002, 9:58 a.m. Kensington, Maryland
Pascal Charlot Killed October 3, 2002, 9:20 p.m. Washington, D.C.
Caroline Seawell Survived October 4, 2002, 2:30 p.m. Fredericksburg, Virginia
Iran Brown Survived October 7, 2002, 8:09 a.m. Bowie, Maryland
Dean Harold Meyers Killed October 9, 2002, 8:18 p.m. Manassas, Virginia
Kenneth Bridges Killed October 11, 2002, 9:40 am Fredericksburg, Virginia
Linda Franklin Killed October 14, 2002, 9:19 p.m. Falls Church, Virginia
Jeffrey Hopper Survived October 19, 2002, 8:00 p.m. Ashland, Virginia
Conrad Johnson Killed October 22, 2002, 5:55 a.m. Aspen Hill, Maryland
Listed in chronological order, these are the names of the
victims who were murdered or wounded in the Beltway
sniper attacks.
Map of Beltway sniper attacks.
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Map of Boston Marathon Bombings
First blast, on 2:49:43 pm EDT, April 15, 2013
Second blast, on2:49:57 pm EDT, April 15, 2013
FBI took over the investigation 7
In the news conference at 5:20 pm on April
18, photograph of suspects are released
A few hours later, tip from Mercedes-Benz
owner, which allows the police to focus their
search on Watertown
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At 8:42 pm, on April 19, suspect is caught!
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Target ProblemTarget Problem
� A cost-effective way to catch the target vehicle
◦ Identify the exterior feature of each vehicle in coming (easy, out of our scope of this paper)
◦ Complete the check of all vehicles moving in the entire area (challenging work)
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ChallengesChallenges
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� Miss-counting
◦ Unpredictable trajectory and speed
◦ Unexpected parking
◦ No global surveillance to cover the entire area (e.g., to cover both Maryland and Virginia in (e.g., to cover both Maryland and Virginia in Washington Sniper attack)
� Double-counting
◦ Unnecessary delay to converge
◦ Wasted time, resource, and work force
◦ Inaccurate information (e.g., disaster evacuation)
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Our approachOur approach
� Dye in water current
◦ Color changes at the frontier of wave.
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Algorithm Algorithm
� Seed checkpoint
◦ Activated in initialization
� Active counting and labeling (at the frontier along outbound direction)
Check points
FIFO traffic flow
along outbound direction)
◦ Except for the coming direction of activation label
� Activation of inactive checkpoint
◦ Upon receiving active label
� Ending the active counting (of inbound)
◦ Upon receiving active label8/29/2014 ICPP 2014, Minneapolis, MN
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� Seed checkpoint
� Labeling
� Activation
More complicate caseMore complicate case
3
� Ending
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1 2
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� Seed checkpoint
� Labeling
� Activation
3
2 & 3 activated individually2 & 3 activated individually
� Ending
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1 2
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� Seed checkpoint
� Labeling
� Activation
Different ending timeDifferent ending time
3
� Ending
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1 2
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� Extensive adjustments for those dynamic changes along road segments
◦ Non-FIFO road segment
� Surpassing (+1) or being surpassed (-1) is allowed
◦ Multi-targets (checked at intersections or roundabouts)roundabouts)
◦ One-way street
◦ Other odd traffic pattern
◦ Multi-seed
◦ Open system
� Boundary
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Experimental Results Experimental Results
� Daily traffic
� Different volume and speed
Multiple lanes
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New York Midtown
� Multiple lanes and overtakes
� Speed limit
� V2V unreliable communication
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Counting convergence vs. complete Counting convergence vs. complete process (until retrieving counting process (until retrieving counting information), maximum elapsed timeinformation), maximum elapsed time
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Counting convergence vs. complete Counting convergence vs. complete process (until retrieving counting process (until retrieving counting information), minimum elapsed timeinformation), minimum elapsed time
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Counting convergence vs. complete Counting convergence vs. complete process (until retrieving counting process (until retrieving counting information), elapsed time on information), elapsed time on averageaverage
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Counting convergence in open Counting convergence in open system, elapsed time on averagesystem, elapsed time on average
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34~40% faster after a 66% speedup
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Complete process in open system, Complete process in open system, elapsed time on averageelapsed time on average
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34~40% faster after a 66% speedup
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Summary (of experimental results)Summary (of experimental results)
� Counting with a fully distributed manner
� No escape, no double counting
� Scalable performance in both open and closed systems, in proportional to average vehicle speed
� No significant help from multiple seeds� No significant help from multiple seeds
� O(open) ~ O(closed)
� T(open) ~ T(closed) and T(open) > T(closed)
◦ due to the delay for resuming the frontier wave at the boundary
� Accurate adjustment vs. dynamic road situations
� Correctness of the “complete status” in open system 8/29/2014 ICPP 2014, Minneapolis, MN
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ConclusionConclusion� Precise counting with a fully distributed manner
� Dynamic adjustment via V2V communication, without extra infrastructure requirement
� Retrieving a global view with inconsistent local viewsviews
� Study of the impact of vehicle speed, and other factors
� A fundamental service for resource management in vehicle networks
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Thank you!Thank you!
� Questions and Comments
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