west pokot county 2020 long rains food and nutrition
TRANSCRIPT
WEST POKOT COUNTY
2020 LONG RAINS FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY ASSESSMENT REPORT
A Joint Report of Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG)1 and
West Pokot County Steering Group (CSG)
July, 2020
1 Philip Muraguri – Ministry of Water, Sanitation and Irrigation and Rajab Obama - Ministry of
Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Cooperatives
1
Executive Summary
The multi-sectoral and multi-agency food security assessment exercise was conducted between
20th and 24thJuly 2020 by the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG) and West Pokot
County Steering Group (CSG). The assessment covered the three main livelihoods namely
Pastoral, Agro-pastoral and Mixed farming livelihood zones. The main objective of rapid long
rains food security assessment was to develop an objective, evidence-based and transparent food
security situation analysis following the long rains season of 2020, taking into account the
cumulative effects of previous seasons, and to provide immediate and medium term
recommendations for possible response options based on the situation analysis.
The main drivers to the current food security situation is attributed to good rainfall performance
which has led to improved water access and agricultural and livestock productivity. However,
heavy rainfall led to flooding and mudslides in Chesegon and border of West Pokot County with
Elgeyo Marakwet County. Flash floods also damaged roads and irrigation infrastructure. COVID-
19 Pandemic led to livestock market closure hence decreased livestock sales. However, the
COVID-19 pandemic has led to improved hygiene and sanitation through hands washing and use
of sanitizers, reduced cases of diarrhea, increased livestock herds due to reduced pressure to sell
livestock to take care of school fees and higher livestock prices.
Pasture and browse condition is good while projected maize production is expected to increase by
two percent across all livelihood zones due to prevailing good rainfall. Milk production has
improved by about a litre across all livelihood zones. Average goat in July was selling at Ksh.
4,360, which was 39 percent above the five-year average of Ksh. 3,138. High goat price is
attributed to good body condition and reduced pressure to sell goats for school fees as the schools
are still closed as control measures on COVID-19. About 60 percent of livestock that out-migrated
to Uganda locked out due to COVID-19 movement restrictions at the borders. Birth rates remained
normal across all livelihood zones. The average return trekking distances from grazing area to
watering points in the pastoral and Agro-pastoral livelihood zones have reduced to 1 - 2 km
compared with the normal 2 - 3 km, and less than a km in the mixed farming zone.
The leading diseases during the season were Upper Respiratory Tract Infections, diarrhoea and
Malaria for both under five populations and the general population. Total cases of URTI for both
the under-fives and general population between January and June 2020 were higher compared to
2019 but less than 2018. The proportion of children at risk of malnutrition in the month of March
2020 was 2.5 percent compared to the long-term average (LTA) of 12 percent. However, the
COVID-19 pandemic has led to reduced uptake of health services in the static health facilities due
to COVID 19 measures in place, this has also affected uptake of nutrition services. Most
households are consuming three meals in Mixed farming and Agro-pastoral zones and two meals
in the pastoral areas in a day
In West Pokot, 81.3 and 18.7 percent of households have acceptable and borderline Food
Consumption score (FCS) during the month of July, 2020The coping strategy index for the county
in June averaged 1.49, an improvement from the month of June when the index was 1.6 with
households adopting reversible strategies.
West Pokot County is classified in the Minimal Food Security phase (Phase 1) of the Integrated
Food Security Phase (IPC).
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................3
1.1 County Background ...........................................................................................................3
1.2 Objectives and Approach ...................................................................................................3
2.0 DRIVERS OF FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY IN THE COUNTY ...........................4
2.2 Current Shock and Hazards ...............................................................................................4
3.0 IMPACT OF IMPACTS OF DRIVERS ON FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY ...........4
3.1 Availability ...................................................................................................................4
3.1.1 Crop Production ........................................................................................................4
3.2.4 Water Access and Availability ...................................................................................... 11
3.2.6 Coping Mechanisms ..................................................................................................... 12
3.3.1 Morbidity and Mortality Patterns .................................................................................. 13
4.0 FOOD SECURITY PROGNOSIS ....................................................................................... 20
4.1 Prognosis Assumptions ............................................................................................... 20
4.2 Food security outlook for the next six months ............................................................. 20
5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.................................................................. 20
5.1.3 Sub-County Food Security Ranking .............................................................................. 21
5.2 Ongoing Interventions ................................................................................................. 21
5.3 Recommended Interventions ....................................................................................... 24
5.3.1 Recommended Food Interventions ................................................................................ 24
5.3.2 Recommended Non-Food Interventions ........................................................................ 25
3
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 County Background
West Pokot County is located in the North- Western part of the country and borders the Republic
of Uganda to the west, Turkana County to the north, Baringo County to the east and Trans Nzoia
and Elgeyo Marakwet Counties to the south. Administratively, the county is divided into four sub-
counties namely: Pokot South, Pokot Central, Pokot West and Pokot North. The county has an
approximate area of 9,169.4 square kilometres (km2) with a projected population of 621,241
persons (Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, 2019). The county has three major livelihood zones
namely: Pastoral; agro-pastoral; and mixed farming livelihood zones. Proportion of the population
by livelihood zones is shown in figure
1. The main sources of cash income in
the county include: Livestock
production contributing 69 percent of
cash income in the pastoral-all species,
30 percent in the mixed farming and 26
percent in the agro-pastoral livelihood
zones. Other sources of income include:
Food crop production, cash crop
production, small business and petty
trade, formal and casual waged labour.
1.2 Objectives and Approach
The main objective of rapid long rains food security assessment was to develop an objective,
evidence-based and transparent food security situation analysis following the long rains season of
2020, taking into account the cumulative effects of previous seasons, and to provide immediate
and medium term recommendations for possible response options based on the situation analysis.
The multi-sectoral and multi-agency food security assessment exercise was conducted between
20th and 24thJuly 2020 being coordinated by the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG).
Technical experts were drawn from the departments of agriculture, livestock, water, education and
health and nutrition at the county level. Other partners who participated at County level were the
Action against Hunger (ACF) and Kenya Red Cross Society (KRCS). The assessment covered the
three main livelihoods of the county and sampling was done to ensure representation of each of
the livelihoods. The sampling sites include Sarmach, Amakuriat and Wiyakol-Alale in the Pastoral
zone, Sigor and Kongelai/Kacheliba in the Agro-pastoral farming zone and Kabichbich and
Makutano junction in the Mixed farming zone.
Primary data was collected during the field visits at the County where community and market
interviews were conducted. Technical reports were also provided by the sectoral technical
members at the County level. Secondary data collected from the early warning system was relied
upon to provide trends for the different food security indicators. The integrated food security phase
classification (IPC) protocols were used to do the classification of the severity and identify the
possible causes of food insecurity.
33%
37%
30%
Proportion of Population by LZ
Pastoral-all species
Agro-pastoral
Mixed Farming
Figure 1: Proportion of the population by livelihood zones
4
2.0 DRIVERS OF FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY IN THE COUNTY
2.1 Rainfall Performance
The onset of the long rains was timely in the third
dekad of March 2020. However, the County
continued to experience off-season rains from the
month of February, 2020. The County had received
a cumulative amount of 804.8mm by the end of the
first dekad of July as compared to the Long term
(LTA) average of 374.4 mm with the highlands
experiencing more enhanced rainfall than the
lowlands. Kabichbich and Nasukuta rainfall stations
recorded a total of 916.6mm and 536.9mm compared
to their long tern averages of 486mm and 355.2mm
respectively. Almost all areas across the County
received over 125 percent of normal rainfall with the
Northern part of Kacheliba received over 350
percent of normal rainfall amounts. Spatial
distribution was even while temporal distribution
was erratic with very high rainfall amounts recorded
during the second week of April. Some rainfall
stations recorded over 100mm of rain in 24 hours. Although the rains were expected to cease in
the third dekad of June, the County continues to receive good rains to date.
2.2 Current Shock and Hazards
The main hazards contributing to food insecurity in the county include landslide in Chesegon and
border with Elgeyo Marakwet County which killed over 15 people and displaced 5000
households., flooding, Fall Army worms and infestation of Desert Locusts in Alale which has
affected about lokodoso, Kamorinyag, Kosamok, Nakwoilap, Katukuri, Kacrasia, Kakwes,
Napakwera, Namuno villages in Lokitayala location. Restrictions to mitigate effects of COVID-
19 pandemic such as market closure from March 2020 have negatively affected markets access.
Although Foot and Mouth disease did not have a major impact since the markets were already
closed, it led to reduced livestock productivity.
3.0 IMPACT OF IMPACTS OF DRIVERS ON FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY
3.1 Availability
3.1.1 Crop Production
West Pokot County is Long rains dependent for crop production under rain-fed areas and
contributes to 90 percent of the annual total production. The major crops grown under rain-fed
production in the Mixed Farming Livelihood Zone are maize, beans, sorghum and Irish potatoes.
Maize, beans and sorghum are the main crops in the Agro pastoral zone while maize and sorghum
are the major crops in the Pastoral livelihood zone. Maize and Irish potatoes are not only grown
for food but also for cash income in the Mixed farming zone. Maize contributes 39 percent, 52
percent and 55 percent to food in the Mixed Farming, Agro-pastoral and Pastoral Livelihood zones
respectively. Maize contributes to 30 percent, 28 percent and 15 percent to cash income in the
Figure 2: Rainfall performance
5
Mixed Farming, Agro-pastoral and Pastoral Livelihood zones respectively. Beans also contribute
to eight percent to cash incomes and 15 percent to food in the Mixed Farming Livelihood Zone
while in the Agro-pastoral Livelihood zone, beans contribute to 21 percent to cash income and 15
percent to food. Irish potatoes contribute to 20 percent to cash incomes and 25 percent to food in
the Mixed Farming Livelihood Zone.
Table 1: Rain fed Crop production in West Pokot County
Crop Area
planted
during 2020
Long rains
season
(Ha)
Long Term
Average
area planted
during the Long
rains season (Ha)
2020 Long rains
season production
(90 kg bags)
Projected/Actual
Long Term
Average
production
during the long
rains season
(90 kg bags)
1.Maize 41,750 41,000
1,252,500 1,230,000
2.Beans 20,186 20,164 100,930 141,148
3.Sorghum 874 1075 6137.5 9033
4.Irish
Potatoes
1,850 1,950 148000 195000
Area under maize increased slightly by about two percent compared to LTA due to timely on set
of rains and distribution of free seeds by county government. Projected production is expected to
increase by two percent across all livelihood zones due to prevailing good rainfall. Limiting factor
to better production include invasion of Desert Locust especially in Pokot North and Fall Army
Worms (FAW) infestation and leaching of soil nutrients. Area under beans remained almost the
same compared to LTA. However, beans production is expected to reduce by 28 percent compared
to LTA due to poor yields owing to heavy rainfall that occasioned diseases and post-harvest losses.
Area planted under Sorghum acreage reduced by 19 percent compared to LTA as a result of
reduced interventions and competition from other crops. Sorghum is expected to reduce by 32
percent. Projected beans production expected to reduce by 30 percent as a result of reduced acreage
and poor weather conditions in pastoral zone which is the main producing zone. Acreage put to
Irish potato reduced by five percent compared to LTA due to lack of certified seeds. Expected
production of beans may reduce by 24 compared to LTA due to pests and diseases and expected
postharvest losses.
Irrigated Crops
Maize, beans and green grams are the main crop grown in the irrigated zone of West Pokot County.
Maize planted under irrigation reduced as a result of destruction of irrigation infrastructure by
landslides. Despite leaching of soil nutrients and FAW infestation, maize production is expected
to remain the same. Area planted and production of beans and green grams have remained the
same compared with LTA.
Table 2: Irrigated crop production
Crop Area
planted
during 2020
Long Term
Average
2020 long rains
season
production
Long Term
Average
production
6
long rains
season
(Ha)
area planted
during the
long rains
season (Ha)
(90 kg bags)
Projected/Actual
during the long
rains season
(90 kg bags)
Maize 1200 1500 30,000 30,000
Beans 400 400 40000 40000
Green Grams 100 100 600 600
3.1.2 Cereals stock
The main sources of maize and sorghum stocks held are 2019 long rains harvest. Early maize crop
harvests are now finding their way into the market. Government subsidies are also available but to
a limited extend. Due to movement restrictions, no cereal stocks are being imported from Uganda.
Table 3: Cereal stocks in the West Pokot County
Commodity Maize Rice Sorghum TOTAL
Curren
t LTA Current LTA
Curren
t LTA
Curren
t LTA
Farmers
71,000 164,79
0
0 0 2,413 2,00
6 73,413
166,79
6
Traders
100,91
8
140,56
3
9,25
0
10,00
0
2,658 2,60
0
112,82
6
153,16
3
Millers 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Food
Aid/NCPB
0 35,016 0 0 0 0 0 35,016
Maize stocks held by households are lower by 57 while maize stocks held by traders are 28 percent
below the LTA mainly in mixed livelihood zone due restriction of market supplies by the measures
out to mitigate COVID-19 pandemic. Most maize stocks held are mainly in the Mixed farming
zone. About 70 percent of households in the Agro-pastoral and pastoral zones are not holding any
stocks and relying on market purchases. Sorghum stocks held by Households are high by 20
percent compared to LTA mainly in mixed and Agro-pastoral livelihood zones due to good
produce from previous season. Rice stocks held by traders reduced by eight percent below the LTA
owing to reduced purchasing power and restricted imports by traders as a result of COVID-19
pandemic.
Current maize stocks are expected to last for 2 months in the mixed farming zone and one month
in the Agro-pastoral. In a normal season when household have normal stocks, stocks last for 3-4
months in the Mixed and Agro-pastoral livelihood zones. Learners who are still at home after
schools were closed due to COVID-19 have also contributed to reduced food stocks.
Some trader especially small-scale shops and restaurants closed as a result of the COVID 1-9
pandemic. Some of the hygiene guidelines being followed include hand washing and use of
sanitizers while entering shops and other stock centers, taking of body temperature, wearing of
masks and observing social distance.
7
3.1.3 Livestock Production
The major livestock reared in the County are cattle, goats, sheep, camels, donkeys and poultry.
These animals are kept across all the three livelihoods zones and are kept mainly for milk, meat,
hides and eggs. Livestock production contributes approximately 69 percent to cash incomes in the
Pastoral Livelihood Zone, 30 percent in the Mixed Farming Livelihood Zone and 26 percent in the
Agro- pastoral Livelihood Zone. Cattle, goats and sheep contribute to 25 percent, 40 percent and
30 percent to cash incomes in the Pastoral Livelihood Zone respectively. In the Agro-pastoral
Livelihood Zone, cattle, goats and sheep contribute to 25 percent, 30 percent and 28 percent to
cash incomes. In the Mixed Farming Livelihood Zone, cattle contribute 55 percent to cash incomes
and 49 percent to food. Cattle are mainly kept for milk and meat, while sheep and goats are reared
for sale. Over 70 percent of all the cattle in the county are of indigenous breed. Since 2019, the
county government-initiated breeding improvement programs for dairy cattle in the Mixed
Farming Livelihood Zone and the Agro-pastoral Livelihood Zone of the county; Sahiwal bulls and
Galla bucks were introduced to improve cattle and goat breeds in the Pastoral Livelihood zone.
The first-generation cross breeds offspring are already realized among households in all the
livelihoods zones. This will improve the livestock breeds, improving milk and meat production,
reducing food insecurity. The prolonged rainfall resulted into adequate pasture and water for
livestock thus good body conditions and increased milk productivity.
Forage condition
Pasture and browse condition was generally good because of the sustained rainfall experienced in
agro pastoral, pastoral and mixed farming zones. The livestock had enough pasture and this
contributed to good health and high production compared to the recent years. Despite the invasion
of locust in North Pokot it didn’t affect much on pasture and browse. Measures on covid-19 did
not have any negative effects on access to pasture and browse. Currently, browse available is above
normal as a result of the continued good rainfall and distribution realized.
Table 4: Pasture and browse condition in the County Pasture Browse
Livelihood zone
Condition How long to last (Months)
Factors Limitin
g
access
Condition How long to last (Months)
Factors Limiting
Access
Curre
nt
Norm
al
Curre
nt
Norm
al
Curre
nt
Norma
l
Curre
nt
Norma
l
Pastoral Good Good 2mont
h
1.5 Bushes
/
Weeds
Good good 3 2 bushe
s
Agro pastoral
Good Good 4 3 N/A Good Good 3 3 bushes
Mixed
farming
Good Good 4 4 N/A Good Good 3 3 Land
tenure
Livestock Productivity
8
Body condition
Livestock body condition is good across all livelihoods zones attributed to availability of adequate
pasture and browse for livestock and improved water availability compared to the past years.
Livestock body condition is expected to remain stable across the livelihood zones over the next
three months. The good body conditions will positively impact on livestock reproduction,
productivity and market value of live animals.
Table 5: Livestock body condition Livelihood
zone Cattle Sheep Goat Camel
Current Normal Current Normal Current Normal Current Normal
Pastoral Good fair Good fair Good fair Good fair
Agro-
pastoral
Good Good Good Good Good Good
Mixed
Farming
Good Good Good Good Good Good
Tropical livestock units (TLU) and Birth rates
TLUs remained normal at 10 TLU in pastoral livelihood zone, 2TLU and 5TLU in mixed farming
and Agro-pastoral livelihood zones respectively. However, this could improve due to reduced
livestock marketing activities as result of COVID-19 restrictions. Birth rates and calving intervals
remained normal across all livelihood zones and are expected to improve.
Table 6: Tropical Livestock Units (TLUs) by household income groups
Livelihood
zone
Poor income households Medium income households
Current Normal Current Normal
Pastoral 10 10 8 10
Agro-pastoral 5 5 5 5
Mixed farming 2 2 2 3
Milk Production, consumption and prices
Currently the milk production is adequate at household level across all the livelihood zones. This
is because livestock have not yet migrated due to the availability of water, pasture and browse.
The price of milk is generally low in mixed farming, pastoral and agro pastoral zones because
there is limited demand. Most households have enough milk for their families because pasture,
browse water is available. Milk in pastoral areas is consumed unlike the agro-pastoral and mixed
farming who sell to meet their daily needs. However, producers are currently depending on
hawkers to sell their milk as result of COVID-19 restrictions to marketing, thus lowering expected
household income from milk sales.
Table 7: Milk production, consumption and farm gate prices in the County
9
Livelihood
zone
Milk Production (Litres)
/Household
Milk consumption (Litres)
per Household
Prices (Ksh)/Litre
Current LTA Current LTA Current LTA
Pastoral 1 0.5 1 1 75 90
Agro-pastoral 2 1 2 2 60 75
Mixed farming 3 2 2 3 45 60
Livestock Migration
Countywide, Livestock migration has not been reported in any of the 3 livelihood zones. Normally,
livestock would have migrated to different routes as per the livelihood zones month in search of
water and pasture especially the pastoral livelihoods living in Pokot central and Pokot North. Only
40 percent of livestock mainly cattle in-migrated, from Uganda while the rest were locked out due
to COVID-19 movement restrictions at the borders.
Livestock Diseases and Mortalities
Livestock disease outbreaks were reported in different parts of the county. Black water in mixed
farming zone, Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) and Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD was reported in
South Pokot sub county: Lelan, Tapach, seker and Chepareria Wards. In North Pokot LSD was
reported in Suam, Kapchok and Kodich Ward. Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) was reported in
Seker, Lomut and some parts of Kasei ward. The Veterinary Services responded by treating the
affected animals and vaccinating the rest. This was implemented in collaboration with Non-
Governmental Organizations such ACF and these interventions are on-going. Few livestock
mortalities were reported in various parts of the county where disease outbreaks had occurred. The
landslides/floods that occurred in chesegon in Central Pokot sub-county between April and May
resulted to livestock deaths in the affected area.
Water for Livestock
The main sources of water for livestock are rivers, streams, water pans, lagas shallow wells and
boreholes. In pastoral and agro pastoral zones, the current sources of water for livestock are rivers,
lagas, boreholes, streams and water pans. Livestock in mixed farming areas source their water
from rivers, streams and shallow wells. The water volumes in these sources were well recharged
at above 75percent in all the watering points. The current trekking distance from grazing areas to
water points is shorter compared to normal. In agro-pastoral and pastoral livelihood zones, trekking
is 1 and 2 kilometers respectively while in the mixed farming areas, the trekking distance is less
than kilometer. The frequency of watering livestock in Pastoral and Agro-pastoral areas is 5-6
times a week while in mixed farming areas, watering frequency is daily.
Table 8: Water for livestock
Livelihood zone Return trekking distances
(Kms)
Expected duration to last
(Months)
Watering frequency (cattle)
Current Normal Current Normal Current Normal
Pastoral 2 3 3 2 6 5
Agro pastoral 1 2 4 3 7 6
Mixed farming <1 1 5 4 7 7
The available water is expected to last up to 3 months in pastoral livelihood zone compared to 2
months normal and up to 5 months in mixed farming zone compared to 4 months normal.
10
3.2 Access
3.2.1 Markets and Trade
Market operations
The main livestock markets are Kishaunet in the Mixed Farming Livelihood Zone, Chepareria,
Ortum, Sigor and Lomut in the Agro-pastoral Livelihood Zone and Orolwo, Nakujit and Kacheliba
in the Pastoral Livelihood Zone. The main food commodity markets are Makutano, Chepareria,
Chepkopegh, Ortum, Orolwo, Kaibichbich, Kacheliba and Amakuriat. Food commodities are
mostly supplied internally especially from Makutano, Kishaunet, Chepnyal, Cheptuya, Kasei and
Kongelai markets. All formal livestock markets were closed from April 2020 to date as part of
measures towards containing COVID 19 pandemic. However, few small stocks are being availed
to the markets though informally. Market volumes have reduced due to restriction of movements
to and from Uganda. The current supplies are mainly from local production. About 70 percent of
households in the Pastoral areas are relying on market purchases while most of the households in
the Mixed farming and Agro-pastoral zones still have stocks left.
Maize price
The average market price of maize in
the county is Ksh. 44 per Kg
compared to the LTA of Ksh. 48 per
Kg. Average maize prices in the
Mixed farming is Ksh. 50 per Kg
while in the Pastoral and Agro-
pastoral zones, maize price is Ksh.
40 per Kg. Prices have remained
below 2019 and LTA from January
to June as a result of lack of external
buyers due to COVID-19 that led to
restriction of movement in the border with the Republic of Uganda. Schools who are also major
consumers were also closed hence reducing demand. Price of maize has been increasing from
January to June but reduced in July attributed to early harvests from local production and is
comparable to previous years. Maize price is projected to reduce as harvesting season has already
begun. Figure 3 shows the trend of maize prices.
Goat price
The average market price for a
medium-sized goat is Ksh. 4,630.
The current price is 39 percent above
the five-year average of Ksh. 3,138.
Prices are slightly higher in the
Pastoral zone averaging Ksh. 5,000
compared to the Mixed farming and
Agro-pastoral zones where an
average goat is selling at Ksh. 4,500.
High goat price is attributed to good
body condition and reduced pressure
0
10
20
30
40
50
60Ja
n
Feb
Mar
Apr
May Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
No
v
Dec
Pri
ce (
Ksh
. / kg)
Average (2015-2019) 2019 2020
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
No
v
Dec
Pri
ce
(K
sh.)
Average (2015-2019) 2019 2020
Figure 3: Trend of maize prices
Figure 4: Trends of goat prices
11
to sell goats for school fees as the schools are closed. Goat prices are on the upward trend as shown
in figure 4 and are expected to remain
high.
3.2.2 Terms of trade (ToT)
During the month of July 2020,
households were able to purchase 99
Kgs of maize with the sale of one
medium-sized goat. Normally,
households would access 65Kgs of
maize with the sale of a goat at this
time of the year as indicated in figure
5. Pastoral areas are able to purchase
125 while Mixed farming are able to
purchase 110 Kgs of maize with sale of
a goat. ToTs are expected to remain
high as maize prices reduced while got prices remain high.
3.2.3 Income Sources
The current main income includes sale of livestock and farm produce. Trade especially on a market
days is also a major source of income. Due to closure of markets and movement restrictions, labour
opportunities have largely decreased.
3.2.4 Water Access and Availability
Major water sources
The current main sources for domestic
water in most livelihood zones are rivers
and boreholes and springs in exception of
pastoral zone where springs are not
available. Water pans are among the main
water sources in the Pastoral areas. The
current sources are the normal sources at
this time of the year. All rivers and springs
flowing while only 11 and 8 percent of
boreholes and water pans are not operational respectively. Localities of non-operational boreholes
include Lokii Kaplakin, Kalukuna, Kopeyon, Kadera, Abilhiap, Kauriong, Otuko, Lobiroi,
Marich, Kodich Polytechnic, Akelin, Kasei centre and some parts of Endough ward. Localities of
non-operational water pans include Kanyerus and some parts of Endough ward. Non-operational
boreholes are due to breakdown of gen-sets, vandalism of solar panels and lack of spare parts for
Duba pumps that are not locally available. Non-operational water pans are due poor siting hence
not able to collect water.
Most sources were recharged up to 80- 90 percent of their capacity due to high rainfall amounts
during the season and water pans are expected to last for the last four months as normal. Rivers
are experiencing high flows as the County continues to receive rains. Areas with very few waters
sources include Nyang’aita in Masol ward and Kasitet in Alale ward. Sources serving high
populations between 3,000 and 3,600 persons include DO’S B/h, Kamketo Bh, Chepkondol spring
20%
24%
19%
22%
6%
7%
2%
Proportion of Households relying on various water sources
Rivers
Traditional River wells
Boreholes
Pans and Dams
Springs
Traditional water wells
Natural Ponds
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Kilo
gra
ms
of
maiz
e
exch
an
ged
fo
r a g
oat
Average (2015-2019) 2019 2020
Figure 5: Terms of trade
Figure 6: Main sources of water for domestic use
12
while Katikomor Bh is serving an additional 1,000 persons from the normal 5,000 persons. The
increased population being served is either due to on-going construction activities, growing market
centres and upgraded solar technology hence making collection of water easier.
Water points whose population has reduced by about 1,000 persons and serving between 2,000
and 2,500 persons include Ngenchwa BH and Chebon spring. Chepnyal solar borehole which
normally serve about 10,000 persons is currently serving about 6,000 persons due to close down
of nearby schools and churches as a result of COVID-19 pandemic.
Distance to and waiting time at the water sources
Return distances to water sources in the Mixed farming zones remain between 0.2-1Km while
return distances in the pastoral and agro-pastoral areas have reduced from the normal 4-6km to 2-
4Km. Areas with exceptional with very few waters sources are currently relying on scooping
traditional shallow wells hence distances are still low. The current waiting time at the water source
across all livelihood zones range between 5-15 minutes.
Cost of Water
Most households are relying on open water sources and boreholes which are free. However,
Konyao borehole is charging between 200 and 500 shillings per month. About 10 percent of
households in urban centres are relying on water supplied by vendors who charge transportation
charge of 10-20 shillings per 20 litre jerrican which is normal at this time of the year.
Water Consumption
The average water consumption remains stable in the Mixed farming zone average 20-25 litres per
person per day (lppd) while consumption in the Agro-pastoral zones has improved from the normal
10-12lppd to 15 lppd. Consumption levels are still within the normal range of 10-12 lppd in the
Pastoral areas.
Food Consumption Score (FCS)
81.3 and 18.7 percent of households have acceptable and borderline Food Consumption score
(FCS) during the month of July, 2020. 68.9 percent of households in the Pastoral zone have
acceptable FCS while 31.1 percent have borderline FCS. All households in the Agro-pastoral zone
have acceptable FCS. During the last three months, FCS has remained stable. Acceptable score
implies that households were consuming at least a staple and vegetables on a daily basis
complemented by a frequent consumption of pulses and oil.
3.2.6 Coping Mechanisms
The coping strategy index for the county in July averaged 1.49, an improvement from the month
of June when the index was 1.6. However, households in the Agro-pastoral zones has a higher
rCSI of 3.5 during the month of July. 68.7 percent of households are not employing any strategies.
31.3 percent of households are employing emergencies coping strategies. More households are
engaging in insurance strategies compared to the last two months indicating a worsening situation.
The index implies that about 1.7 percent of the population is engaging in consumption-related
coping strategies. The main coping mechanisms employed include reduced reliance on less
preferred/less expensive foods.
13
3.2 Utilization
3.3.1 Morbidity and Mortality Patterns
The Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTI), diarrhoea and Malaria cases for both under five
populations and the general population treated during the season were 130,296, 30,343 and 74491
respectively. Total cases of URTI for both the under-fives and general population between January
and June 2020 were higher compared to 2019 but less than 2018. Cases of URTI have been
increasing from January 2020 to March with a slight drop in April. However, an increase was
observed from May while maintaining a similar trend compared to the last three years. Total cases
of diarrhoea for both the under-fives and the general population decreased compared to the three
years. Decrease in diarrhoea is attributed to enhanced hand washing practices in the community
due to COVID 19 awareness on hygiene and sanitation. Total Malaria cases for both the under-
fives and the general population between January and June were highest compared to the last two
years. Malaria cases have been decreasing between January and May but slightly increased in
June 2020. The trend is similar with the last two years when cases decrease until April. y avoidance
of health facilities for fear of COVID-19 pandemic.
However, COVID-19 pandemic seems to have no influence on the increased cases of both URTI
and malaria for both the general population and under-fives. 74 cases of measles epidemic diseases
were reported between January and June 2020 compared to one case that was reported in the same
period of 2019. Areas that measles cases have been reported include Alale ward, Suam Ward and
Masol Ward in North Pokot and Central Pokot respectively. Increase in measles is attributed to
stock out of measles vaccine, faulty KEPI fridges in 8 health facilities and long distance to the
facility. Cases of dysentery between January and June 2020 were 650 compared to 784 cases in
2019. Cases of typhoid between January and June 2020 increased by 44 percent compared to
12,371 cases reported the same period of 2019. Increase in typhoid cases is attributed to household
consuming unsafe water. The average distance to the nearest health facility is 15Km.
Under-five year old mortalities rates (U5MR) and crude mortality rate (CMR) between January
and June 2020 average 0.038 and 0.031 respectively. U5MR rates have increased compared to a
similar period in 2019 when U5MR was 0.021 while CMR have remained stable from 0.036
recorded in 2019 during a similar period.
3.3.2 Immunization and Vitamin A supplementation
The immunization coverage between January and June 2020 was 22.7% percent a decrease
compared to 45.7 percent for a similar period in 2019. There was observed low measles coverage
at 28.5% in 2020 because of stock outs of measles vaccine. The decrease could be attributed to
low prevalence of immunization coverage was attributed to poor health seeking behavior, long
distance to health facilities, stock out of measles antigen, in addition to the effects of COVID-19
containment measures and suspension of outreach services . Coverage of Vitamin A
supplementation for children aged 6 to 59 months reduced during the season of analysis (at 76.0%)
in 2020 compared to a similar period in 2019 at 45.7%. The proportion of children who received
Vitamin A supplementation children aged 6-11 months and 12 to 59 months in the last 6 months
was 98.1percent and 31.9 percent respectively. Vitamin A supplementation for children aged 6-11
months and 12 to 59 months for a similar period in 2019 was 104 and 68.1 percent respectively.
The decline in Vitamin A supplementation coverage is attributed to the general low uptake of
health services especially vitamin A as parents avoided the health facilities due to COVID 19
14
pandemic. Both immunization and Vitamin A supplementation coverage remains below than the
national target of 80 percent.
3.3.3 Nutrition Status and Dietary Diversity
The CHANIS data which shows trends over time indicates a stable trend from January to June
2020 with the Month of June recording 0.027 percent. The cases recorded are far much below the
previous years. Very low cases of underweight could be attributed to low uptake of health services
as parents avoided the health facilities due to COVID 19 pandemic. The proportion of children at
risk of malnutrition in the month of March 2020 was 2.5 percent compared to the long-term
average (LTA) of 12 percent. Due to disruption of health services as a result of COVID-19
measures, MUAC screening has not been possible. The LTA in the month of July is nine percent
with cases expected to decrease due to early crop harvest. According to community interviews
conducted, most households are consuming three meals in Mixed farming and Agro-pastoral zones
and two meals in the pastoral areas in a day comprising of Ugali, vegetables, meat, milk, beans,
porridge and potatoes. Admissions to supplementary feeding program (SFP) and Outpatient
Therapeutic Program (OTP) were 2,057 and 1,233 respectively in2020, a decline compared to
4,258 and 1521 admissions to SFP and OTP respectively in 2019. Decreased admissions are
attributing to low attendance of clients to the health facilities and stock for SFP commodities in
the county. SFP stock out is due to exit of WFP from the county and the county government was
unable to procure commodities. The rate of early initiation to breastfeeding was 95.5 percent while
exclusive breastfeeding rate was 39.9 percent far below the national average of 80 percent.
Minimum Meal Frequency for children 6-23 months fed in a day was at 29.3 percent while
minimum dietary diversity for children 6-23 months day was 25 percent (Knowledge, Attitude,
Behavior and Practice (KABP) Survey 2017).
3.3.4 Health and Nutrition Sector in COVID -19 Context
The onset of COVID-19 brought fear and apprehension among community members, especially
on any newcomer to the village even their own, if they have been away. There was a lot of fear
and avoidance of health facilities, especially when a rumor exists, but fortunately the tests have
been turning negative.
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to reduced uptake of health services in the static health facilities
due to COVID 19 measures in place, this has also affected uptake of nutrition services. The county
has 120 static health facilities, during the period January to June 2020, 8 health facilities were
closed due to the staff being on maternity leave, and there was no replacement made. The 112
health facilities continued to offer health and nutrition services with COVID 19 IPC measures like
hand washing, wearing face mask and keeping social distance.
Outreach services are supported by different actors such as KRCS -15, ACF - 46, THS-70 and
Rotary doctors-20 outreaches. However, KRCS supported outreach sites ended in February 2020
due to funding while THS outreaches are inconsistent. The outreaches are ongoing in the
community with strict MOH guidelines of maintaining social distance, sanitization and mask
usage.
The department also adopted one child one MUAC tape in the outreaches and improvised pants
just to reduce any close contact. Through the community health platform by CHVs, community
services are ongoing with the CHVS acting as agents to teach community on health and Nutrition
education, distributing health leaflets, some are also utilized at the border point to screen any
15
entrant to the county. Health services were disrupted and as a result, professionals could not carry
out Malezi bora and ECDE vitamin A supplementation.
Reporting and request for nutrition commodities for SFP and OTP is done online through LMIS.
The county has had stock out for SFP commodities due to lack of partner to support in procuring
the commodities. The county has been receiving RUFT commodities through KEMSA, in addition
ACF procured 1800 cartoons of RUF to support IMAM program. This has enabled the county to
report Zero stock out for OTP supplies. The county has inadequate supply of COVID response
supplies such as PPEs,
3.3.5 Public interventions, risk communication and community level actions
The County through the Health ministry with partner support have implemented various
interventions, including, market center spraying with antiseptics, distribution of water tanks for
hand washing, distribution of masks although not all areas have been covered. The sector has been
up-scaling enforcement of public health guidelines to ensure social places adhere to the regulations
in social places such as supermarkets, banking halls, religious gatherings, funerals, public transport
etc. Screening and provision of sanitation facilities such as hands washing facilities and soap at
border points is on-going. Radio talks have been ongoing on nutrition in COVID-19 and other
health matters. However, community members are no longer adhering to strict MOH protocols of
social distancing, hand washing mask wearing and sanitization. The pandemic has led to young
mothers due to increased cases of teenage pregnancies, borrowing of food from neighbours and
relatives. The pandemic has led to improved hygiene and sanitation through regular hands washing
with soap.
Social safety net programs in the health and nutrition sector include provision of supplementary
feeds e.g FBF, food aid through provision of cereals and pulses and cash transfer for adults aged
60 years and above. Due to limited traders dealing with milk and other food commodities, locally
produced products are being consumed at household level.
3.3.6 Coordination and leadership in COVID-19 pandemic preparedness and response
To mitigate the effects of the COVID- 19 pandemic on access to essential health and nutrition
services, the County has taken the issue of COVID-19 seriously by training all front line health
workers on how to manage the pandemic by availing protective clothing in terms of masks and
sanitizer to all health care workers, full protective gear for the staff attending to suspected cases
which all have turned negative and creating isolation center (Kapenguria ECD300 BED) though
not fully equipped.
During the COVID 19 pandemic nutrition coordination forums such as CNTF and the in charges
meetings have been ongoing both face to face and virtual meetings. In the period January- June
2020 a total of 4 CNTF meetings have been held; 3 face to face meetings and 1virtual meeting.
The meetings have been instrumental in tracking progress for nutrition indicators and sharing
updates on nutrition services in the context of the pandemic.
The county has the COVID 19 technical working group which hold weekly meetings to plan for
preparedness and response of the pandemic.
3.3.7 Hygiene and Sanitation
16
The main sources of water in the community include surface water, earth pans/Dams, unprotected
shallow wells, unprotected dug wells/laga and rivers. All main water sources are at risk of
contamination effects of open defecation with little or no water treatment done. Only 24 percent
of the households draw water from safe water sources.
Majority of the households practice open defecation at 45.4percent especially in pastoral and agro-
pastoral livelihood zones. Majority of households in the mixed farming majorly disposes human
waste in pit latrine. Domestic waste is disposed in pits or burning. The latrine coverage for the
county is at 48 percent. More latrine coverage is concentrated in mixed livelihood zones whereas
few are found in agro-pastoral and pastoral livelihood zones respectively. Hands washing practices
at 4 critical times are 7.5 percent and insignificant increase from 7.2 percent the in 2019. This
explains the high cases of diarrhea in the county.
The community basically collects water using 20 litre plastic jerrican and store using the same
containers. Majority of the community use containers without lids. Methods of water treatment in
the community include; chemicals, boiling and pot filters. Only 10 percent of the household treat
water before drinking. The methods of treating water in the households was as follows:- boiling:
59.6 percent, treatment chemicals: 36.8 percent and pot filters 1.8percent. Water treatment is
commonly practiced in mixed farming compared to agro-pastoral and pastoral respectively. This
is owed to the level of education and water availability. Dumping of waste into water sources such
as rivers and dams contribute to further contamination.
3.2 Trends of key food security indicators
Table 9: Food security trends in West Pokot County
Indicator Short Rains Assessment,
Feb. 2020
Long Rains Assessment,
Feb. 2020
Distance from source(km) Mixed farming: 2Km
MMF: 2-4Km
Pastoral: 6-8km
Mixed farming: 0.2-1Km
MMF: 2-4Km
Pastoral: 4-6Km
Waiting time (min) Mixed farming:0-20
MMF: 30
Pastoral:30-60
Mixed farming:less than 5
MMF: less than 15
Pastoral:5-15
Consumption (Litres per
person per day)
Mixed farming: 15-20Lppd
MMF: 10-15Lppd
Pastoral:5-10Lppd
Mixed farming: 20-25lppd
MMF: 15lppd
Pastoral: 10-12Lppd
Goat Prices Average County price:
3,500Ksh.
Average County price: Ksh.
4360
Maize prices/Kilogram Average County price: Ksh.
27/kg
Average County price: Ksh.
44/Kg
Terms of Trade Average County ToT: 111kg
Mixed farming:
Average County ToT:99Kgs
Livestock Body condition Fair for all livestock species Cattle: Good to fair
Sheep, Goat, Camel: good
Milk Production Mixed farming: 2.5litres/HH MF: 3liters/HH/day
17
MMF: 1.5L/H/day
Pastoral:1L/H/day
MMF: 2
Pastoral:1
Migration (Out/In migration) From Pokot North to Turkana
South, Pokot North to Eastern
Uganda and Pokot Central to
Pokot North to Uganda.
No Migration (Covid-19)
Livestock Disease outbreak Lumpy Skin Disease, CCPP,
PPR
Lumpy Skin Disease, FMD,
PPR
FCS (NDMA) Acceptable: 69% Acceptable: 81.3%
Borderline: 18% Borderline: 18.7%
Poor: 13% Poor: 0%
3.5 Education
3.5.1 Enrolment
Enrolment was stable enrolment in the month of March prior to school closure due to COVID-19
pandemic. Enrolment for girls in ECDE was higher at 50.2 percent compared to boys at 49.8
percent. There were no notable transfers at ECDE level. Most of the ECDE centres, particularly
the feeder ones had no classrooms and the learning was taking place in churches and under trees
mainly in Pastoral and Agro-pastoral livelihood. The ECDE centres did not have any form of
school feeding program during that period. A few schools mainly in mixed farming and urban
centre had arranged to have some feeding program supported by the parents.
In primary school level, there were more boys than girls with boys being 50.2 percent. The stable
enrolment was mainly attributed to food presence at home and feeding program in most schools
(RSMP in the entire county), HGSMP in some schools and presence of low cost boarding primary
schools in some parts of the county.
Table 10: Enrolments for term III 2019 and Term 1 2020
There was no notable inter sub-county transfers since most school had been provided with food.
A few learners were transferring to low cost boarding primary schools. In secondary school the
enrolment was stable in comparison to the previous period mainly attributed to affordable fees due
to government subsidy, allocation of bursaries by county government, national government,
partners and the national government 100 percent transition policy. It was also noted that more
students were transferring from boarding to day schools because of low fee charged.
There was increase in attendance rate in term one 2020 compared to third term 2019 for ECDE
with boys increasing by 6.8 percent while girls increased by 4.8 percent. Attendance at primary
school level increased by 2.3 percent and 2.7 percent for girls and boys respectively. Increase in
Term III 2019 Term I 2020
Enrollment № Boys № Girls Total №Boys №Girls Total
ECD 38835 39426 78,261 39,337 39,932 79,269
Primary 91,446 90,623 182,069 94,190 93,343 187,531
Secondary 18,161 15,016 33,177 20,866 18,134 39,000
18
attendance by both boys and girls was attributed to availability of food at home and at school as
well as minimal migration experienced during the term. However it was noted that education of
the boy child is more valued in the community as opposed to that of girl child. At n secondary
school level, attendance was stable mainly because of bursaries, fees subsidy and 100 percent
transition policy. It is further observed that absence of sanitary towels among the adolescent girls
had negatively affected their school participation at both primary and secondary schools levels.
3.5.2 Effects of COVID -19 in schools
Prior to COVID-19 pandemic, enrolment in ECD, primary and secondary schools was stable. Most
of the learners in the county do not access e learning from KICD programs due to the fact that
there is poor internet and radio/television connectivity in the county while majority of the
population do not own radio , smartphones, computers and television sets. Some of the parents
were not aware of the presence of e learning programs. The ECDE level of learned recorded nil
participation in e learning.
Table 11: Access e-learning
Sub-county Estimated percentage of learners reached within the county
(based on enrolment at closure in March 2020)
ECD Primary Secondary
NORTH POKOT Nil 3 5
CENTRAL POKOT Nil 2 5
SOUTH Nil 10 15
WEST Nil 8 10
TOTAL Nil 5.75% 8.75%
A total of 17 secondary schools, one teachers’ training college and a county government training
institute had been identified /ear marked as quarantine/isolation centres in the county. However
the county had not reported any case of COVID-19 pandemic. In the event that some institutions
will be utilized to manage COVI D-19 cases repairs should be done, fumigation of the facilities to
make them safe for learners and teachers support staff and the entire community should be carried
out. More classrooms facilities should be constructed in these institutions.
Effects of COVID-19 pandemic include:
Disruption of learning due to closure of schools
Increased cases of teenage pregnancies
Increased drugs and substance abuse
Involvement of learners in criminal activities
Girls do not access sanitary towels which they were getting while in schools
Children misses meals
Pressure on household resources such as increased feeding while children are at home
Increased child labour –There is increasing cases of door to door hawking and children
being engaged in gold mining
Increased cases of child marriage
Increased case Sex Gender Based Violence and
Increased cases of female genital mutilation (FGM).
19
3.5.3 Effects of Long rains on schools
The long rain resulted to a number of flooding which impacted negatively on the infrastructures.
A total of 89 schools (28 ECDE Centres, 46 primary schools and 15 secondary schools) were
damaged. These institutions require constructions of new classrooms and toilets while others will
need to be repaired. In the event schools are opened before the repairs are undertaken, learners will
suffer when being taught in the open. Table 12 tabulates the number of affected schools.
Table 12: Number of damaged schools by rains Name of sub-county Number
of ECD
centers
Number
of
Primary
schs
Number
of
Secondary
schs
Total Number of
Schools with
damages.
Nature of damaged
infrastructure
WEST POKOT 2 3 7 12 Damaged walls roof, toilets
SOUTH POKOT 10 18 6 34 Damaged walls, roof ,toilets,
learning materials
NORTH POKOT 12 21 NIL 33 Damaged walls, roof ,toilets,
learning materials
CENTRAL POKOT
4 4 2 10 Damaged walls, roof ,toilets, learning materials
TOTAL 28 46 15 89
3.5.4 School Feeding All school in the county were enrolled on the Regular School Meal Program (RSMP). All the
schools that were benefiting from ECDE Fortified food had not received food during the
assessment period. RSMP was benefiting 94,190 boys and 93,343 girls totaling to 187,53 pupils
in entire West Pokot County. All the primary school still have food stuff in their stores. The
feeding program had enhanced enrolment, retention and improved school attendance. However,
there were no school meals for ECDE learners. The absence of food at school for these levels had
negatively affected enrolment, attendance, retention and transition.
Table 13: School meals program
№ of
schools
with school
feeding
RSMP Total number of
beneficiaries
No. of pupils not on
any school feeding
program
№ Boys № Girls № Boys № Girls № Boys № Girls
NORTH POKOT 135 16,882 14,662 16,882 14,662
CENTRAL
POKOT
157 28,176 28,111 28,176 28,111
SOUTH 172 21,576 21,807 21,576 21,807
WEST 185 27,556 28,763 27,556 28,763
Subtotal 649 94,190 93,343 94,190 93,343
Grand total
(boys + girls)
187,533 187,533
20
3.5.5 Inter Sectoral links where available
Most schools have limited hands washing facility. As a result of flooding and mudslide, the status
of latrines in nearby schools should be assessed. Girls do not access sanitary towels which they
were getting while in schools.
4.0 FOOD SECURITY PROGNOSIS
4.1 Prognosis Assumptions
West Pokot County food security prognosis for the next six months is based on the following
assumptions:
Market disruptions are expected to continue across the County due to COVID-19 outbreak
Food stocks are likely to remain stable due to availability of 2019 stocks, early harvests and
expected good harvests
Forage condition is expected to remain good as off-season rains continues
FEWSNET seasonal forecasts suggest that a below-average October to December 2020 short
rains season is likely.
Livestock prices are expected to remain high as there is reduced demand to sell livestock.
Which are often sold to meet medium cost demands especially school fees and schools are still
closed due to COVID-19 pandemic measures. Maize prices are expected to reduce due to start
of harvesting season.
4.2 Food security outlook for the next six months
Likely trend of food security outcome in the next three months (August – October)
Early harvests in parts of the agro-pastoral and mixed farming are expected to sustain households
hence stable food consumption. The current high livestock prices are expected to increase
households’ purchasing power hence improved food access across all livelihood zones. Given that
most households in the Agro-pastoral and Pastoral livelihood zones are depending on market
purchases, any food gap may be met by the traders. No livelihood change is expected as households
continue to engage in insurance strategies. Nutrition status is expected to remain stable with
increasing milk consumption at household level. Milk will be available as no out-migration is
expected. No abnormal mortalities are expected in the next three months.
Likely trend of food security outcome in the last three months of the six months (November
– January) projection
Food consumption is expected to improve during this period when long rains harvests are expected
to start. Although the short rains are expected to be depressed, pasture and browse will degenerate
and being the peak season for calving and kidding, milk production will be enhanced. No
livelihood change is expected as most households are expected to employ similar livelihood
strategies. No abnormal mortalities are expected. Due to increased milk consumption, nutrition
status is expected to improve with most households consuming three meals in a day.
5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Conclusion
5.1.1 Phase classification
The County is classified under Minimal Food Insecurity (IPC Phase 1) which imply that more than
four in five households (HHs) are able to meet essential food and nonfood needs without engaging
21
in atypical, unsustainable strategies to access food and income, including any reliance on
humanitarian assistance.
5.1.2 Summary of the findings
The main drivers to the current food security situation is attributed to good rainfall performance
which has led to improved water access and agricultural and livestock productivity. However,
COVID-19 Pandemic which has led to livestock market closure that has limited external traders
hence low traded volumes and high cases of teenage pregnancies as a result of schools closure.
Heavy rainfall led to mudslides in Chesegon and border of West Pokot County with Elgeyo
Marakwet County and damage of roads while flash floods destroyed irrigation infrastructure. Fall
Army worm have led to reduced maize production. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to
improved hygiene and sanitation through hands washing and use of sanitizers, reduced cases of
diarrhea, increased livestock herds due to reduced pressure to sell livestock to take care of school
fees and higher livestock prices. However, food security situation has improved compared to the
short rains assessment which was conducted in February 2020.
5.1.3 Sub-County Food Security Ranking
Table 14: Sub-County Food Security Ranking
Sub County Food
security
rank (1-
6)
Main food security threat (if any)
Very Good (5-6) Good (4) Fair (3) Poor (1-2)
1. Pokot North 3 Locust invasion in Alale, measles outbreak in Alale &Suam,
high food prices due to border close down, 60% of livestock
locked in Uganda, high distances to water sources, market
closure, higher teenage pregnancies especially in Sigor, low
immunization & Vit. A coverage, low latrine coverage
2. Pokot
Central
3 Landslide, flash floods , cut-off bridges, measles outbreak in
Masol ward, high distances to water sources, low latrine
coverage, human-wildlife conflict in Nasolot Game reserve
3.Pokot West 3 Fungal disease affecting horticulture, low immunization & Vit.
A coverage, no functional outreaches site, high food prices,
poor road infrustruture in Riwo, Endough & Soak wards thus
hard to access health facilities such as Krich & Kesot
4. Pokot South 4 Leaching, potato bright, fungal disease for horticulture, high
maize prices, higher teenage pregnancies
5.2 Ongoing Interventions
5.2.1 On-going Food Interventions
22
Food relief has been on-going targeting the most vulnerable through the office of the County
Commissioner.
5.2.2 On-going Non Food Interventions
Table 15: On-going non-food interventions
Interve
ntion
Object
ive
Specific
Locatio
n
Activit
y target
Cost No. of
benefici
aries
Implement
ation Time
Frame
Implementation
stakeholders
Livestock Sector
Logistical
support in
livestock
disease
surveillance
, treatment,
de worming
and vaccination
protecti
ng
liveliho
ods
Seker,
Lomut,
Chepare
ria,
Tapach,
Lelan,
Kodich,
Kapchok, Alale,
Suam,
Kasei,
Disease
survilie
nce and
Vaccina
tion
against
PPR,
CCPP,
3,070,9
29
135,390
livestock
13,539
farmers
2019 Aug-
2020 Aug
Action Against Hunger
(ACF), Regional
Livelihoods Resilience
Project (RPLRP)
Training on
Participator
y Disease
Surveillance
Improv
ed
livestoc
k
disease
reporti
ng
South,
North
and
Central
Pokot
veterina
ry staff
and
Commu
nity
Disease
Reporte
rs
5,586,7
99
34
veterinar
y staff
100
Commun
ity
Disease
Reporters
2019 Aug-
2020 Aug
Action Against Hunger
(ACF)
Agriculture Sector
Kaminia/Ko
chiy
Irrigation
scheme
Batei
, pokot
south
4.9M+
County
Government(GOK),DR
SLP(ADB)
Onion Cold
store
Tapach
Pokot
south
1.9M GOK
Procuremen
t of Maize
seeds
County
Wide
40M GOK
Health and Nutrition Sector
Vitamin A
Supplementation
All
immunizing
facilities
4..6 M
103620
Continuous GOH MOH and partners
(ACF, UNICEF)
23
and
mapped
outreach
es
Zinc
Supplement
ation
All
facilities
and poutreac
hes
103620
Continuous GOK and UNICEF
Managemen
t of Acute
Malnutritio
n (IMAM)
The 87
Health
facilities
100,000
000
35000
Continuous GOK and partners(ACF/
UNICEF)
IYCN
Intervention
s (EBF and
Timely
Intro of
complement
ary Foods)
All the
124
health
facilities
5MILLI
ON
28640
Continuous GOK and partners(RED
CROSS/ ACF/
UNICEF)
Iron Folate
Supplement
ation among
Pregnant
Women
All the
124
health
facilities
500000
29862
Continuous GOK
Deworming All
immuni
zing
facilities
2.3
million
121896
2020/21 GOK
Food
Fortification
Local
millers,
retailers,
wholesalers,
open
markets
and
househo
lds
3.4 M
112620
GOK NDU, Private
sector and
partners(ACF/
UNICEF)
CLTS All CUs 5M Continuing GOK, Red
Cross, UNICEF,ACF
3.SANUT
PROGRAM
ALL 1.5 M Continuing GOK,KRC
,ACF,UNICEF
Provision of
water treatment
chemicals
Chesego
n, Parua, Tamkal
On-going ACF
Water Sector
24
Sub
County/
Ward
Intervention Location No. of
beneficiaries
Implementers Cost Time
Frame
Kodich Construction of
mega water pan
Namoni 2200 COG 20 M 2019/2020
Alale Upgrading of
lokitanyala B/H
Lokitanyala 2000 COG 2 M 2019/2020
Buam Upgrading of sitit B/h
Loki 1500 COG 1.9 M
Lomut Pipeline
extension
Chester 800 COG 0.5
M
2019/2020
Lomut Spring
protection
Konghin 450 COG 0.6
M
2019/2020
SIYOI Repair of tank,
construction of
communal
water points,
pipelines supply
of 10 cubic
plastic tank
Ngoleiyo 1000 COG 1.4
M
2019/2020
Batei Ortum market
T/works
Ortum 5000 GOK 9 M 2019/2020
Chepareria Rehabilitation
of intake
Cheptepesha 1000 COG 1.2
M
2019/2020
Lelan Construction of
pipe line
Psiben Kisai 300 COG 0.5
M
2019/2020
Lelan Rehabilitation
of intake
pipeline
rehabilitation
Chemolo 480 COG 1 M 2019/2020
Repair of broken down
b/hs
Kapchok Kodich
3000 COG 0.3 M
2019/2020
Equipping
developing
deilled
boreholes
Gatar
Wamoni
5000 COG 0.6
M
2019/2020
5.3 Recommended Interventions
5.3.1 Recommended Food Interventions
Table 16: Proposed population in need of food assistance
25
Sub-County Population in the Sub-
County (KNBS, 2019)
Pop in need
( percent range min –
max
Proposed mode
of intervention
Pokot North 15-20 Cash Transfers
/Asset creation
Programs Pokot Central 10-15
Pokot West 5-10
Pokot South 5-10
5.3.2 Recommended Non-Food Interventions
Table 17: Table 15: Recommended non-food interventions
Interventi
on
Objective Specific
Location
Activity
target
Cost No. of
benefici
aries
Implemen
tation
Time
Frame
Implement
ation
stakeholder
s
Livestock Sector
Holding ground
rehabilitation(su
rveying fencing
construction of
office/bomas):R
uno
Weiwei
ward
Central
pokot
15,000,
000
2020/2021 County
government
Poultry supply To
promote
food
security
and
income.
All wards 20,
000,00
0
New County
government
Wool sheep merino
To improve
income
generation
South Pokot 4,000,000
new
Boran bulls Improve
cattle
breeds
Central/Nor
th Pokot
15,000,
000
new
Agriculture Sector
Management of
Fall Amy
Worm
County
wide
10M Continious GoK/Stakeh
olders
Support
provision of
farm inputs(
green grams)
Lomut,
central
pokot
Medium
term
GoK/Stakeh
olders
26
Support
provision of
farm inputs(
maize)
County
wide
50M Medium
term
GoK/Stakeh
olders
Support
provision of farm inputs(
beans)
Masol(Nya
ngaita) , pokot
central
1M Medium
term
GoK/Stakeh
olders
Desert Locust
control
Alale, pokot
north
1M By April
2020
GoK/Stakeh
olders
Support to
provision of
water pumps
and pipes
Sekerr-
Orwa
,Pokot
central
By 2022 GoK/Stakeh
olders
Water Sector
Supply 5,000 lts
tank in market centre
Tinyinei ,
Suam
0.4M+ 5000 2020/2020
1
Supply 5,000 lts
tank in Kodich
centre
Kodich 0.4M+ 1000 2020/2020
1
Supply 5,000 lts
tank in Ama
Amakunat ,
Alale
0.4M+ 2000 2020/2020
1
Supply 5,000 lts
tank in Konyao
Konyao
,Kapchok
0.4M+ 2000 2020/2020
1
Upgrade
Kapchepkai
borehole
Nataleng,M
nagel
1.7M 1200 2020/2021 COG
Rukei borehole
upgrade
Rukei,
Endough
1.7M 2000 2020/2021 COG
Health and Nutrition Sector
Blanket supplementary
Cheptulel,Tamkal ward,
Ptapach
300,000 ASAP RED CROSS/AC
F/GO
Accelerated
Integrated
outreach
services
Pastoral and
agropastoral
zones acrss
the county
and parts of
mixed
farming
zones
Children
<5
Pregnant
and lactating
mothers
Medium
term
County
Government
,
MOH,Partn
ers (ACF,
KRCS,
UNICEF
27
Cbfci
implementation
Assorted
foods and
livelihood
reestablish
ment
All
livelyhoods
zones
All the
children<5
years
Medium
term
Rebuildin
g livelihood
s
300000 GOK/
PARTNERS
Roll out of
IMAM
surge
model
Health
facilities at
the
pastoral
and agro
pastoral
livelihood
zones (87)
MOH, ACF,
UNICEF
Enhance
Promotion
of appropriat
e MIYCN
Whole
population
(675447)
County
Government
, MOH Partners
(ACF,
KRCS,
UNICEF)
Enhance
Promotion
of
appropriat
e WASH
practices
Whole
population
(675447)
County
Government
, MOH,
Partners
(ACF,
KRCS,
UNICEF)
Role out of BFCI in
communit
y units
8 communty
Units
100,000
County Government
, MOH,
Partners
(ACF
Training
on
integrated
managem
ent of
acute
malnutriti
on
Newly
recruited
health care
service
providers
(120)
County
Government
, MOH,
Partners
(ACF,
Role out
of family
MUAC
15 units
trained
County
Government
, MOH,
Partners
(ACF, Red
Cross )
28
West Pokot County Food Security Technical Assessment Team
No. Name Organization
1. Philip Muraguri -Ministry of Water, Sanitation & Irrigation – HQs/
KFSSG – Team Leader
2 Rajab Obama Ministry of Agri., Livestock, Fisheries and Cooperatives
3 Stanley Tireito National Drought Management Authority (NDMA)
4 Hillary Kapcherui West Pokot County – Water Department
5 Robert Kiplagat West Pokot County – Agriculture Department
6 Leonard Kitelawiyan
West Pokot County – Livestock Department
7 Isaac Lopeli
West Pokot County – Nutrition Department
8. Joshua Kosilei West Pokot County – Education Department
9. Mercy Lomuk ACF
10. Lonah Katul ACF
11. Stephanie Kidulah JWW
12. Elizabeth Cherop UNICEF
Education Sector
School meal for
ECDE
Increased
enrolment
participati
on and
transition
All sub
counties
1085
schools
(79,269
pupils)
MOE,WPC
G,
PARTNER
S
Provision of
face masks to learners in
ECDC, primary
& secondary
Increased
interaction &
protection
against
contractin
g COVID-
19
All sub
counties
1907
schools (305,800
pupils)
MOE,WPC
G, PARTNER
S
Provision of
water to all
ECDE,
Primary and
secondary
schools
Increased
participati
on and
prevention
of COVID
19
All sub
counties
1,133
Schools
(171,572
pupils)
MOWENR,
WPCG,
PARTNER
S