west sicily
TRANSCRIPT
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alla scoperta della Sicilia
April 15, 2005
Philadelphia, PA by Renza Monteleone
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Sicilia
´To have seen Italy without seeing Sicily is
not to have seen Italy at all,for Sicily is the key to everythingµ
(J. W. Goethe, 1787)
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Sicilia: geografia
Sicily is the biggest island of theMediterranean sea and largest region of Italy
Mar Tirreno
Mar Ionio
Mar Mediterraneo
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Sicilia: la Trinacria
The word Trinacria means"triangle" as for the shape
of Sicily, the largest islandin the Mediterranean
the Greeks called it Trinakrias the Romans called it Trinacrium, meaning "star
with 3 points´
today it·s known as Sicilia
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Sicilia: la Trinacria, oggi
The Sicilian Banner recentlyadopted by the autonomous regionof Sicily has the Trinacria in its
center on a shield of yellow goldand red-orange
This is a picture of the banner asit now hangs in the Palazzo Reale,the seat of the RegionalParliament in Palermo
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Sicilia: un po· di storia«
Sicily has been inhabited since IX-VIImillennium BC
Signs of people from Africa in the isle ofPantelleria, in Palermo and Trapani·s area
V millennium: agriculture and breeding;first dwellings
End of the XIII c. BC.: two mean groupslive in Sicily: Sicani at West, Siculi atEast
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Sicilia: un po· di storia«
Sicani: Name attributed to an ancientpopulation of Western Sicily. Not pertainingto the great Indo-European grouping, their
origin is unknown
Siculi: Name attributed to the ancientinhabitants of Oriental Sicily. Coming fromthe italic peninsula,they are considered a descent close to Latin
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Sicilia: Fenici
X c. BC: Phoenician (Syrian and Palestinianorigins)
The Phoenician colonization of the
Mediterranean sea seems to have started atthe end of the XII c. BC
They founded Palermo, Mozia and Solunto
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Sicilia: Greci
VIII-VII c. BC: Greek (East)Magna Grecia: Agrigento, Segesta, Selinunte,Taormina, Siracusa
V c. BC: greatest flourishing in Siracusa
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Sicilia: Romani
III c. BC: RomansThey overworked the land: ´latifondoµ(latifundium)
Sicily became the ´granaio dell·imperoµ(granary of the Roman Empire)
The Romans used and modified the Greekmonuments (as the theatres)
Private building: Villa del Casale at PiazzaArmerina
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Piazza Armerina
Piazza Armerina is rather overshadowed bythe fabulous Roman Villa of Casale, yet itsattractive historic center, clustered around
a Baroque cathedral, is worthy of interest inits own right
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Sicilia: Arabi
476 BC.: end of the Western Empire
535 BC: annexation to Eastern Empire
Arabian heritage in thelanguage, food, monuments
Islam·s influence: cosmopolitanbroadmindedness, progress of science
Parco d·Orleans
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Sicilia: il periodo normanno-svevo
1091 AC: Cristian reconquest
(Ruggero d·Altavilla)
FeudalismArabian-Norman art: Islamic, Romanesque,Byzantine elements
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Sicilia: il periodo normanno-svevo
1198-1250: Federico II di SveviaStupor Mundi
He loved the arts andparticularly the poetry:´scuola sicilianaµ
Castello Ursino
Gothic style
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Sicilia: le ultime dominazioni
1415: Spanish domination (Aragonesi)
1713: Savoia
1722: Austrians
1734: Borboni
1860: Garibaldi, rebellious act against theforeign domination
Annexion to Italy (regno d·Italia)
Since 1946 Sicily is an autonomous region
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Marsala
The Romans called it Lilybaeum (conquered in 241
BC following the great sea battle that also led tothe conquest of Drepanum, Trapani)
Founded as a Carthaginiancolony in 379 BC following thedestruction of the nearbysettlement on the island of
Mozia by the Syracusans
The Saracen Arabs called it "Marsa el Allah," orPort of God, which is the basis of its present name
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Marsala
The region was always known for its fine grapes,but it was the Englishman, John Woodhouse, whointroduced the fortified wine business here in1796, having already developed a similar product
(Port wine) in Portugal
The Florio family
set up a firm in1831
Marsala wine
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MoziaReachable by the pier located in
the ´Spanishµ district in theterritory of Marsala, it was one ofthe largest Phoenician centers inSicily
Whitaker Museum
il Giovane (the young man), a statue ofGreek origin from the second half of
the V century BC
The archaeological excavations have revealedprecious finds such as the necropolis, a house ofmosaics, and a paved road
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Trapani
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Trapani
Originally it was a Sicanian village and it thenbecame a small, fortified town where traders,fishermen and craftsmen from different populations
lived for centuries
Narrowly situated between the sea and Mount Erice,the ancient Drepanon developed around its port
Population:69.497
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Trapani
It was a smallseaside townfounded by thePhoenicians
From the IX c. BC they lost their independence andsettled in the western Mediterranean: theyfounded Carthage and reinforced Trapani
241 c. BC: Romans occupy Trapani
827 c. BC: Arabic domination starts
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Trapani´Trapani, the town of the primitives and an ancientplace of residence, is surrounded by the sea from allsides. The sea enters the town by means of a bridgefrom the eastern side. The port is situated in thesouthern part: it is a tranquil port without movement.Here a large number of sailing ships spend the wintersheltered from the winds since the sea remains calmhere while waves rage outside. An abundance of fishis caught in this port; large tuna nets are also set,and coral of the finest quality is found in the sea ofTrapani. In front of the entrance to the town lies asalina (saltworks)µ
Al· Idris, an Arab geographer at the court of King Ruggero
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TrapaniThe Arabs called Trapani Itrabinis, Tarabanis,Trapanesch and their presence significantlymarked the town: in architecture, agriculture,art, language and culture
1097: Trapani was conquered by the NormanRuggero
The Sicilian Vespri of 1282, in which numerousnotables from Trapani participated, broughtthe Angionian domination in Sicily to an end
This is when the Aragonese domination began(1282-1713)
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TrapaniThe Spedaletto (Giudecca Palace)
is a Catalan Gothic structurebuilt in the XVI c.
The Cathedral and the CollegioChurch were built in the Baroquestyle during the XVII c.
The Church of
Sant'Agostino isRomanesque Gothicwith a beautifulrose window
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Trapani: cosa mangiare
Pasta con bottarga
(salted mullet role)
Cous cous
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Erice
750 meters above the sea-level
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EriceAncient Eryce was a
prosperous Elimi city,Eryx, famous for itstemple to a fertilitygoddess, Astarte, later
identified with Venus andworshipped by the Romans
Medieval character:
ramparts, paved streets,stone-built houses with thedecorated doors, smallplaces and churches
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Erice
The church, erected in 1314,outside has a rectangularpronaos of 1426 whith fourarches and a gothic doorway
The bell-tower was built as
a vedette tower in 1312
Inside: Gothic style; worksby Domenico Gagini (1420-1492) and fragments offrescos by Catalan school of
the XV century
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Erice
Ettore Majorana Centre,Institute forinternational research,wished by the eminent
physicist AntonioZichichi from Trapani
The Institute attracts
the most qualifiedscholars in the world intreating scientificproblems which concern
different fields
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San Vito lo Capo
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San Vito lo Capo
It is a charming coastal town with evident Arabicand Spanish influence. Its characteristic lowwhite houses, shaded from the sun and wind andshrouded in bougainvillea, hibiscus, jasmine and
orange and lemon trees, are captivating
San Vito holds a couscous festival the third weekof September
San Vito is near the Zingaro Nature Reserve andthe hamlet of Scopello, where some scenes of the
movie Ocean's Twelve were filmed in 2004
http://www.couscousfest.it/inglese/evento.htm
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Riserva dello Zingaro
1976: start datefor coast road
May 18, 1980:protest march to
stop the coastroad·s work
1981: establishment of Riserva naturale dello Zingaro
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Riserva dello Zingaro
Surface: 1.650 hectare
Length (coast): 7 Km
The coast is rocky(Mesozoic limestone),
Several ´caletteµ(small bays) and, in
other parts, thecliff falls sheer tothe sea
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Riserva dello Zingaro
faraglioni
baia Capreria
http://www.riservazingaro.it/
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Mondello
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Monreale
With a splendid position high above theConca d·Oro
The city·s heart and soul is still
represented by the area radiating fromthe cathedral
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PalermoThe province of Palermo is composed of 82cities
Population: 698.556
Palermo, Sicily·s main port, nestles in themiddle of a wide bay enclosed, to the north,by the Pellegrino Mount and, to the south,
by Capo Zafferano
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Palermo: porto
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Palermo: IX-VIII millennium BC
Grotte dell·Addaura (Paleo-Mesolithic Art)
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PalermoPalermo was founded by the Phoenicians in theVII c. BC who called it Ziz, meaning flower
from which Palermo(corrupted by the
introduction of theArabic nameBalharm) has beenderived for us today
This, in time was conquered by the Romans whogave it the name Panormus (from the Greek
words meaning ´large port of rockµ)
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Palermo: la CattedraleBuilt in 1184 by the Norman king William II in the
place of a Muslim mosque
The cathedral has undergone several renovationsover the centuries, which have resulted in its
current Neo-Classical style
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Palermo: la Cattedrale
XIV: four bell-towers
XV-XVI: porches/arcades
XVIII: interior
300-400: façade
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Palermo: Palazzo dei NormanniIX c.: the Arab emirs built this majestic building
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Palermo: Palazzo dei Normanni
During the reign of Frederick II, the Palaceenjoyed a period of splendor, and becamethe center of cultural life in the city, as theheadquarters of the ´Sicilian Schoolµ
After the Arabs, the building wastransformed into a luxurious palace by theNormans
The Palazzo dei Normanni has been the seatof the Regional Sicilian Assembly since 1947
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Palermo: Cappella Palatina
The famous French writer Guy deMaupassant defined it as
´the most beautiful in the world, the mostsurprising religious jewel ever dreamt of bymanµ
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Palermo: Cappella Palatina
The Palatine Chapel contains a harmoniousblend of opposing cultures, Byzantine,Norman, Arabic, and Sicilian, creating a truly
amazing architectural and artistic result
It is home to some of the most beautiful
mosaics in the world that depict famousscenes from the bible. The wooden ceilingstyled into Arab-style stalactites and alveoliis dated back to 1143
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Palermo: la Martorana
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Palermo: la Martorana
Official name: Saint Mary's of the AdmiralIt was built in 1143 at the behest ofGeorge of Antioch (famous Admiral during the reignof King Roger II)
The church, which was Greek Orthodoxduring the Norman era, was "converted" tothe Roman Rite in the 13th century
The Martorana's original Norman Arabconstruction was unfortunately altered in
the 17th century
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Palermo: la Martorana
The most famous mosaic isthe one of King Roger II beingcrowned by Christ
It represents thesovereign's authority as
emanating directly fromGod, not the Pope, anextremely importantconcept in the politics of
12th century Sicily
This design was lateremulated in Monreale
Cathedral, where KingWilliam II isportrayed crowned byChrist in a mosaic wall
panel
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Palermo: 4 canti
l
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Palermo: 4 cantiThis is the heart of the old city center of Palermo;
the square is located at the crossroads betweenthe city·s two main streets: Via Vittorio Emanueleand Via Maqueda that cut Palermo into four parts,known as ´mandamentiµ
In the four corners of the square there are fourseventeenth-century palaces, whose façades havea convex shape facing onto the square, and four
basins with statues that represent the fourseasons, Spanish kings and various patron saints ofPalermo·s four old quartes
The fountains at ground level are typically Baroque
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Palermo: piazza Pretoria
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Palermo: piazza Pretoria
This wonderful sixteenth-century fountain is inthe center of the square carrying the same namein front of the Municipio (City Hall)
Also, it is known as ´piazza delle vergogneµ (shames)
It was built by the Florentine sculptor
Francesco Camilliani, and originally decoratedthe garden of a villa in Tuscany; it was thenpurchased by the city of Palermo, dismantledand rebuilt in Piazza Pretoria
The fencing around the fountain, designed byGiovan Battista Basile, was built in 1858
P l D
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Palermo: San Domenico
Fine exampleof SicilianBaroque
The façadewas designedand built in1726 by
TommasoMaria Napoli
Inside thereare the tombsof severalSicilians ofnationalprominenceFrancescoCrispi, thefirst primeminister of aunited Italy,is buried here
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Palermo: lo Spasimo
P l d ll
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Palermo: S. Maria dello SpasimoThis ´almostµ church, that can be seen in the Kalsaarea of the city, dates back to the 1506 when, stillunfinished, the building was allocated to another use
In the 1536, due to the threat of a Turkish
invasion, Santa Maria dello Spasimo was in facttransformed into a defense bulwark for the city
Later, during a plague epidemic in Palermo, the area
was used as a lazaretto hospital and then as awarehouse
The building has now become thesite of important cultural events
P l Zi
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Palermo: Zisa
Its name comes from the Arabicword ´al-azizµ that means ´the
splendid oneµ
In Europe, this is one of the best buildings built in
Arabic style
This indeed splendid, charmingcastle was built by Arabicarchitects on the wishes of the
Norman king William IId·Altavilla and was completed in1175
Today is the Museum of Islam
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Palermo: Teatro Massimo
The Teatro Massimo is one of the largest opera
theaters in Europe
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Palermo: Teatro Massimo
The theater was designed by Gian Battista Basilearound 1868 and was built by his son Ernesto, whosupervised the works starting from 1891
This change of hands resulted in a classical styleexterior (inherited from the original project) andLiberty style inside, following the work of ErnestoBasile
In 1997, the theater was renovated and reopened tothe public, after twenty years of neglect and disuse
P l S t R li
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Palermo: Santa RosaliaShe was the daughter of
Sinibald, Lord of Quisquinaand of Rosa, descended fromthe family of Charlemagne
In youthful days she lefthome and hid herself in acave near Bivona and later inanother of Monte Pellegrino
near Palermo, in which shedied and was buried
In 1624 her remains were discovered and brought
to the Cathedral of Palermo
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Palermo: S. Rosalia
P l S R li
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Palermo: S. RosaliaIn 1624, she saved the people of Palermo from the
plague when St Agata, St Oliva, St Ninfa and StCristina, squared up at the Quattro Canti, hadfailed totally
The plague arrived on a cargo ship from NorthAfrica and spread quickly through the city
The population turned to the saints, praying andhearing them in procession until someone
remembered Rosalia, a saint of Palermo recorded in1205 and who died as a hermit on Mt Pellegrino
Her bones, rediscovered and carried around the
city, miraculously halted the plague
P l ¶ S t il F ti
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Palermo: ¶a Santuzza e il FestinoIt is an immense popular ex voto to St. Rosalia, for
grace received
It is originated as a great folkfestival with hot weather, lights,opulence, colours, smells, street feasts, shouting and
laughter and at the end wonderful fireworks
Every year on July 14th the´Santuzzaµ is carried triumphantly
on an enormous wagon conveyingthe grandiosity of Palermo -animmense ship- stern withnumerous musicians on board
P l l l k
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Palermo: local markets
The most colorful and picturesque marketsare those selling food with their array ofmulticolored awnings, their brightly painted
stalls decked with assortments of fruit,vegetables or fish, lit with bare light-bulbs:
Vucciria
Ballarò
Capo
P l V
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Palermo: VucciriaThe Vucciria market is Palermo·s mostfamous open market
The origin of its name iscontroversial: some maintainthat it comes from theFrench term boucherie(meat), whereas for others
it refers to the deafeningclamour of the voices of thetraders drawing attention totheir wares
R. Guttuso
P l V
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Palermo: Vucciria
P l V i i
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Palermo: Vucciria
Palermo: cosa mangiare
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Palermo: cosa mangiare
panino con la milza(bread roll filled withslices of boiled spleenand melted cheese)
panino con panelle(deep-fried chickpeafritters)
P l : s i
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Palermo: cosa mangiaresfincione (thick slab of pizza with tomato, anchovy, onions
and bread-crumbs)
It is often offered forsale in local markets
P l m : s m n i
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Palermo: cosa mangiare
pasta con le sarde
polpo a Mondello
P l rm : d lci
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Palermo: dolci
cannoli
gelo di mellone
M s i t i l d ll m i tt
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Museo internazionale delle marionette
It contains the most complete, important collectionof ´pupiµ or puppets in the world, together with thestage equipment needed for the traditional shows
The collection includes about 3500 examples ofpuppets, marionettes and hand puppets from allover the world, all made by hand according to theantique craftsmen·s traditional techniques
The Museum was founded in 1975by the Association for thePreservation of Folk Traditions
Teatro dei pupi a Palermo
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For generations not only have these highly-
skilled puppeteers put on performances, butthey have themselves made the actualpuppets
Teatro dei pupi a PalermoThis ancient tradition of the puppet theatre
in Palermo is associated with the Cuticchiofamily
The Palermitan isabout 90centimetres talland weighs less
than 15 kilos
Sicily: shopping
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Sicily: shopping piece of pottery
pupi siciliani
́marranzanoµ
wines, liquors (Passito di Pantelleria, Moscato, Ficodì)
T di i i tt i ili
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Tradizioni: carretto siciliano
Created as a means of transporting goods,it is today the symbol of the sicilian culture
T di i i tt i ili
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Tradizioni: carretto siciliano
T di i i: l f st d l s
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Tradizioni: la festa del paese«
Tradizioni: Santi e cibo
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Sfince diSan Giuseppe
Arancine perSanta Lucia
Tradizioni: Santi e cibo
arance siciliane
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arance siciliane
pomodori secchi
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pomodori secchi
la ´cucuzzaµ
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la cucuzza
fi hi d·Indi
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fichi d India
(prickly pear)