Western Michigan UniversityWestern Michigan UniversityCollege of AviationCollege of Aviation

ETOPSETOPS

Misrak Joseph Misrak Joseph December 6December 6thth, 2006, 2006

An Overview of the ProjectAn Overview of the Project

Extended-range Twin-engine Operational Performance Standards (“ETOPS”)

Created by the ICAOAKA Engines Turning Or Passengers SwimIt makes international flights feasibleIts main advantages are for flying over:

1. Desert2. Ocean3. Polar routes

ETOPS is known by most pilots as Equal Time PointICAO, set regulations to allow airlines to have the right equipments such as skilled pilots, flight crews, and flight engineers

HistoryHistory

In 1919, first nonstop transatlantic flight was made

In 1958, FAA created the “60-minutes rule”

The ICAO started to required the “90-minutes rule”

In 1974, Airbus manufactured its first wide-body A300

Boeing Challenged Airbus by manufacturing the B757 & B767

The FAA & the ICAO set requirement called the ETOPS Regulations

Beginning of Transatlantic RoutesBeginning of Transatlantic Routes

In 1985, the FAA granted its 1st approval for ETOPS procedures

TWA was given for its B767 the 1st ETOPS approval

TWA was permitted for ETOPS-90 then ETOPS-120

Development of ETOPSDevelopment of ETOPS

The ETOPS-180 was created

95% of the earth’s surface available to ETOPS flights

Boeing started to subsidized nations to build diversion airports

Proving Test helped increase change ETOPS-180 to ETOPS-207 for B777

The JAA/the FAA disagreement about changes of ETOPS Regulations

B777, the JAA rated ETOPS-120 & the FAA rated ETOPS-180

Qualifications for ETOPSQualifications for ETOPS

Two requirements to be approved to fly ETOPS

1. ETOPS Type approval

2. ETOPS Operational approval

Types of ETOPSTypes of ETOPS

There are four types of ETOPS ratings1. ETOPS-752. ETOPS-903. ETOPS-1204. ETOPS-180/207

Airbus, A300 is legally operating under ETOPS-90 rules

Most airlines are approved for ETOPS-120/138

95% of the earth’s surface is cover with ETOPS-180/207

Boeing has proposed rating beyond ETOPS-180/207 to ETOPS-240 to FAA

This change was given with possible 330 minutes certificates

ETOPS-240 hasn’t been standardized in Europe up to the present date.

Polar Routes & Its BenefitsPolar Routes & Its Benefits

There is a nonstop flight for N.A. to Asia through the North Pole

This method is used under the permission granted for flight into Russian airspace

A Bilateral agreement was made in 1994

The cross-polar routes take international flights over previously un-travel territory

B747 & B777 operate nonstop flights to Asia through the polar routes

Benefits of polar routes is to give direct flights from N.A. to Asia countries

The three vital benefits of the polar routes are:

1. Reduced operating Cost2. Lower emissions3. More competitive fares for passenger

http://www.answers.com/topic/etops-120-180-gif

Works CitedWorks Cited

http://www.answers.com/topic/etops-lrops

http://www.cnn.com

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA)European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA)