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Westinghouse

Lamps 101

• Explain common lighting terminology to your customers

• Examine color temperature and explain the Kelvin scale

• List features and benefits of various lamp types, including:

– Incandescent

– Halogen

– fluorescent/Compact fluorescent

– HID (High Intensity Discharge)

– LED (Light Emitting Diode)

• Organize and categorize various lamps based on their sizes and codes

Objectives

Consider:

• Safety

• Mood

• Even distribution

• Energy efficiency

• Up-front costs vs. lifespan of the product

Introduction to Lighting Terminology

A similar amount of light is provided by each lamp. However, the lamp on the left requires 60 Watts. The lamp on the right requires only 13 Watts.

Wattsindicate the energy consumption of a lamp.

60 Watts 13 Watts

indicate amount of light perceived by the human eye.

Lumens

The color temperature of a light source is a numerical measurement of its color appearance. It is based on the principle that any object will emit light if it is heated to a high enough temperature, and that the color of that light will shift in a predictable manner as the temperature is increased.

lamp looks warm because it’s 2700K. A 4100K linear fluorescent looks white or neutral in appearance and a 6500K lamp looks cool and may have a bluish tone.

Color Temperature

Color TemperatureColor Temp. Kelvin

Associated Effects and

Moods

Appropriate Applications

Example

6500 K Outdoor Daylight

BrightAlert

Exacting

Art GalleriesMuseums

Jewelry StoresPrinting Companies

Outdoor Daylight

4100 K NeatClean

Efficient

OfficesSchools

HospitalsConference Rooms

Cool WhiteMetal Halide

3200 K FriendlyInviting

ShowroomsOffices

3000 K PersonalIntimateExclusive

RestaurantsHotels

Retail StoresBoutiques

HalogenWarm White

2000 K 40 Watt IncandescentHigh Pressure

Sodium

1500 K Candle

6500 K

3500 K

2700 K

Lamp Chart

BaseBase configurations or base material of lamp.

Order NumberCode used to place orders

SymbolsExplanation at bottom of page

Master Carton/Inner PackNumber of lamps per package

MOLMaximum overall length (inches)

MODMaximum overall diameter (inches)

Domestic Code

9MINITWIST/CB/27/4

wattage Base type Package size/type

Lamp Type Finish/ Beam Type

Lamp Codes Refer to chart or your Westinghouse catalog for all product information.

“A” type(pear/bulb shape)

“R” type(reflector)

“MR” type(mini reflector)

“G” type(globe)

“T” type(tubular) “PAR” type

(parabolic aluminized reflector)

Lamp Types

Incandescent Halogen Fluorescent HID LED

Incandescent

Halogen Fluorescent HID LEDIncandescent

The heart of any incandescent lamp is a coil of fine wire called the filament, typically made of tungsten due to it’s high melting point.

As electrical current passes through the filament - it becomes “white hot” and emits visible light.

If any filament is exposed to air, it quickly evaporates, or “burns up”. Therefore, it is enclosed in a sealed tight glass envelope. Heat resistant “quartz” glass is used in the case of many halogen bulbs.

Incandescent Pros and Cons


PROS• Low initial cost• Instant on start up• Dimmable• Large variety of shapes/sizes

CONS • Very high operating cost • Sensitive to voltage spikes• Sensitive to vibration• Limited availability as

legislation results in popular items being “phased out”

Halogen


Similar construction and operation to standard incandescent lamps.

Operating at higher pressures than standard incandescent a halogen lamp operates more efficiently providing whiter, brighter, light.

Halogen Pros and Cons


PROS• More efficient and longer life

than standard incandescent • Crisp / White light• Enhanced appearance of

surroundings• Precise beam control from

reflector types

CONS • Higher initial cost• High operating cost • Sensitive to voltage spikes• Pressurized lamps may require

shielding to be incorporated in lighting design

Fluorescent (Linear and CFL)


Ultra-violet light is absorbed by the phosphor coating on the tube and re-radiated as visible light. Different phosphor mixes determine the Kelvin and CRI of individual lamp types.

Fluorescent Pros and Cons


PROS• Lower operating cost• Long life• Reduces energy consumption

and operating costs up to 75%• Wide variety of shapes/sizes

– Variety of color options not available in other light sources

• Comfortable to the eye due to diffused light output

CONS • Higher initial cost than

incandescent• Frequent “starts” can shorten life• Limited options in terms of

dimming• Mercury is needed to operate all

fluorescent lamps

HID (High Intensity Discharge)


Mercury Vapor LampsWith poor CRI Mercury Vapor lamps are being phased out in favor of better solutions like Metal Halide and High Pressure Sodium HID lamps. Common applications include general flood lighting, parking lots and street lighting.Metal Halide LampsMetal Halide lamps offer greatly improved light output and color performance. They are widely used in a variety of commercial and industrial applications where better color rendering is critical. High Pressure Sodium LampsHigh pressure sodium lamps are the most efficient HIDs. Their high efficacy—or high ratio of lumens per watt—create their energy-saving capabilities. HPS lamps are commonly used in areas where bulb life and high efficiency are required and color rendering is not critical. Like Mercury Vapor lamps HPS have poor color rendering properties and are primarily used where high CRI is required.

Mercury Vapor, Metal Halide, and High Pressure Sodium lamps are considered High Intensity Discharge (HID) light sources. HID lamps have an arc tube inside of a glass envelope. Light is created when an electric current is passed through a gas or vapor containing specific elements under pressure. All HID lamps need a ballast to start and control the electric current.

HID (High Intensity Discharge)


Basic construction and operation of HID Lamps:

HID lamps give out light from an intense electrical arc or “discharge” between two electrodes. If it helps you can think of HID lamps as “lightning in a bottle”.

HID Pros and Cons


PROS•Very high efficiency•Long life•Low operating costs over life

CONS•High initial cost•Poor CRI •Pressurized arc tube •Slow “start up” when turned on•Lumen depreciation over the life of the lamp

LED


LED(Light Emitting Diode)

LED Pros and Cons


PROS• Reduce energy consumption and

operating costs up to 75%• Long Life - up to 20 times longer

than incandescent and halogen lamps

• Dimming Capability• Cool beam – No UV or IR

emissions• Environmentally friendly –

contains no mercury

CONS • Higher initial cost to purchase

(this is changing fast!)• Thermal management issues has

limited wattage/size options for some small profile lighting applications such as mini reflectors and higher wattage replacement options for popular miniature halogen items.

Application is Key


• Explain common lighting terminology to your customers

• Examine color temperature and explain the Kelvin scale

• List features and benefits of various lamp types, including:

– Incandescent

– Halogen

– fluorescent/Compact fluorescent

– HID (High Intensity Discharge)

– LED (Light Emitting Diode)

• Organize and categorize various lamps based on their sizes and codes

Summary

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