westward expansion
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Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states The average family had five children !!. 50 Years Later…. Push Factors. “THE MOTIVATION” What causes people to leave?. Push Factors to the West. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Westward Expansion
In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states
By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states–The average family had five children !!
50 Years Later…
Push Factors
“THE MOTIVATION”
What causes people to leave?
Push Factors to the WestOvercrowding (you need a new place to live)
Need for jobs (displaced workers)
Ethnic/Religious repression
Refuge for outlaws
Push Factors
Think about . . .
What “pushed” you out of bed today?
Pull Factors
“THE INSPIRATION”
What leads people to a particular area?
Land (cheap and plentiful)(you want a new place to live)
Riches (gold, silver, later oil)
Freedom of religion/beliefs
Family connections
Jobs and new opportunities
Adventure!
Or maybe to find love ??
Pull Factors
Think about this . . .
What “pulled” you to SS today?
Incentives to go west included:The Pacific Railways Act–granted railroad company’s 10 square
miles on either side of each track laid west
Morrill-Land Grants– land grants from states to educational
facilities with curriculum tied to agriculture and mechanical arts
– (Texas A&M, Oklahoma A&M etc..)
Incentives to go west included:
Homestead Act – for approximately $10, settlers could have 160 acres of western land, if they met certain criteria:
• American citizens who were 21 years or older, or the head of a household
• Built a home on their lot, and lived in it at least 6 mos. of the year
• Farmed the land for 5 years or more
Why did the government encourage so many Americans to go west?
A belief in the philosophy of Manifest Destiny, which stated that …..
…. God, …, clearly wanted hard–working American(s) to occupy North America. It was inevitable and good that the United States occupy the continent “from sea to shining sea.”
It is, he wrote, “our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions.”
John L. O’Sullivan gave these ideas a name: Manifest Destiny.
Were there any specific incentives for groups of people to travel west?
What were some of the issues preventing western expansion?
Financially ExpensiveLong JourneyUncharted TerritoryFear of the UnknownClimate and GeographyNative AmericansForeign Claims to the Land
If we wanted the land, how could we acquire it?
War
Purchase
Theft
Trade
Land Grants
Once we’ve decided to go west, how did we get there?
on steam powered boats
Wagon Trains
On Horseback
Stagecoach
Locomotive
Most often – WALKING!!!
Transcontinental Railroad
Connected the East Coast w/ the West Coast
2 Companies
1. Central Pacific Railroad
2. Union Pacific Railroad
Central Pacific Railroad
Moved east out of Sacramento, CA
Used Chinese Immigrants to lay track
Union Pacific Railroad
Moved west out of Omaha, NB
Used Irish Immigrants to lay track
Transcontinental Railroad
Took 7yrs to complete
May 10, 1869 @ Promontory Point Pres. Grant connected two lines w/ a golden spike
Time Zone were then created to keep trains on time.
Exodusters
Groups of African Am. moved west.
Led by Benjamin “Pap” Singleton
Get away from harsh treatment
Exodusters
Where did they get their name?
BIBLE
– Book of Exodus
Farming
Harsh Conditions
Dry Farming – crops that don’t need much water
Bonanza Farms – farm controlled by large businesses – grew single crop
Mining
Gold & Silver strikes all over the west
Mining towns scattered all over west – mostly men
Mining
Placer Mining – shovel loose dirt into boxes/ pans then run water over it.
Once metals gone towns became ghost towns
Cattle Industry
Growing pop. = demand for more beef
Problem: How to get cattle from TX ranches to railway centers in the north?
Cattle Industry
Long Drive – transporting cattle from ranges to cow towns/ railway centers
Cowboys helped move cattle
Cattle Industry
Farmers against cattle drives
Barbed Wire – invented by Joseph Glidden ended the Long Drive
Populist Party
Created by Farm and Labor Leaders
Populist Party
Increase circulation of $
Unlimited printing of silver
Progressive Income Tax – % of taxes owed increases w/ income
Populist Party
Gov’t control of communication & transportation
8 hour work day
Problems for Western Settlers
Drinking Water – collected rain water–“Prairie Fever” or Typhoid
Solution: Dig Wells–DANGEROUS!
Problems for Western Settlers
Squatters – people who moved onto land that doesn’t belong to them
Women find ways to preserve food, make clothing, soap, & candles
Native American Wars
Indian Removal Act
1830’s Pres. Andrew Jackson removed all major Nat. Am. Tribes to the west of the MS River (Oklahoma)
Trail of Tears
Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw, & Seminole
Native American Wars
Many Tribes signed land treaties
They were then put on reservations – federal land set aside for Nat. Am. Tribes
Native American Wars
Apache Wars – began during the Civil War in 1861; lasted 25 years
Apache were forced onto reservations
Geronimo – famous Apache leader
Native American Wars
Sand Creek Massacre – US troops led by Col. John Chivington raided a Cheyenne camp
450 men, women, & children were killed in the raid
Cheyenne tribe will surrender a yr later
Native American Wars
First Sioux War – started in 1866 when gov’t started building a road through their land
Sioux attacked the
men killing 80.
Native American Wars
Sioux agreed to live on a reservation in the Dakota Territory
1875 US gov’t violated the treaty
Allowed gold miners on the land
Native American Wars
Second Sioux War – Sitting Bull & Crazy Horse led a small band off reservation.
Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer- leader of 7th Cavalry; was set after Sioux
Native American Wars
Battle of Little Big Horn – the Sioux had joined forces w/ other tribes
Col. Custer & 200 of his men died in the battle
Native American Wars
In response – gov’t floods region w/ troops
Eventually Sioux returned to res.
Native American Wars
Massacre at Wounded Knee – after Sitting Bull’s death; followers left res. to perform Ghost Dance
7th Cav. sent – killed 200 unarmed Sioux
Extinction of the Buffalo
Railroad – killed to feed workers
Settlers – killed for hides/fun
Gov’t – killed them to starve out Native Am.
Population rebounded
Dawes Act
Gave plots of land to Native Am familiesLand not good for farmingNot interested in farmingAssimilation of Native Americans to white culture.
Indian Territory
Present Day Oklahoma
Gov’t gave away 2 million acres of Indian land to whites in a race
April 22, 1889 – Great Race – over 10,000 settlers raced for claims
Indian Territory
Boomer – settler who rushed into the land legally
Sooner – settler who marked land before the race
illegally
Western Legends
Buffalo Soldiers – name give to African Am. Cavalry
Western Legends
Dime Novels – fictional western stories about real people
Western Legends
Pony Express – Relay mail delivery system
Western Legends
Deadwood Dick
Nat Love
African Am cowboy & rodeo star
Western Legends
Jesse James
Led gang w/ bro
Robbed banks & trains
Western Legends
Billy the Kid
William Boney
Hired Gun
Stole Cattle
Western Legends
Butch Cassidy
Led Wild Bunch
Robbed banks & trains
Western Legends
Sundance Kid
Henry Laughabough
Butch Cassidy’s partner
Western Legends
Doc HolidayJohn HoldiayDentist turned gamblerGunfight @ OK Corral
Western Legends
Wyatt Earp
US Marshall
Doc’s friend
Gunfight @ OK Corral
Western Legends
Bat Masterson
Town Sherriff
Friend of Wyatt Earp
Western Legends
Wild Bill HickockJames HickockTown SherriffKilled playing poker
Western Legends
Buffalo Bill
Bill Cody
Army Scout
Showman
Western Legends
Annie Oakley
Expert markswomen
Part of Buffalo Bill’s show
Western Legends
Calamity Jane
Martha Jane Cannary
Army Scout
