Westward ExpansionWestward Expansion

U.S. HistoryU.S. History

Chapter 13Chapter 13

Lure of OregonLure of Oregon

• Families in search of good farmland kept moving farther west

• Oregon Country: huge region west of the Rocky Mountains. Plentiful rainfall and mild climate

• 1818: U.S. & Britain agreed to occupy Oregon jointly. Spain & Russia withdrew.

Fur Trappers in Far WestFur Trappers in Far West

• 1st Europeans and Americans in Oregon Country were fur trappers

• Mountain men: rugged individualists who lived off the land

• Rendezvous: place where people meet

Fur Trappers in Far WestFur Trappers in Far West

• Fur trade died; trappers led settlers west

• Showed Indian trails to settlers heading west

• Discovered mountain passes that became major routes

Missionaries in OregonMissionaries in Oregon• Missionaries were 1st permanent white Americans to settle in Oregon.

• Plan to convert Native Americans to Christianity

• Helped create interest in new territories

West to OregonWest to Oregon• Oregon Trail, leaving

from Independence, Missouri to West

• Difficult journey: sickness was biggest threat.

• Bad weather, hostile Native Americans

Americans in TexasAmericans in Texas• Mexicans agreed to

let Americans settle in Texas

• Mexico feared losing Texas to the U.S.; began conflict with settlers

• Settlers felt no loyalty to Mexico

Americans in TexasAmericans in Texas• Alamo: outnumbered

Texans resisted Mexican troops

• Siege: enemy forces surround and try to capture a city or fort

• Fall of the Alamo: Texans wanted revenge

Texas becomes RepublicTexas becomes Republic• Texans defeated

Santa Anna at San Jacinto

• Texans became independent republic after the battle

• Mexico refused to recognize Texas independence

Texas becomes StateTexas becomes State

• Texas admitted to Union in 1845

• Congress passed a joint resolution accepting annexation treaty

• Annex: to add on

Santa Fe TrailSanta Fe Trail• Santa Fe Trail: ran

from Missouri to the New Mexico Territory in the west

• Missouri merchants were 1st travelers along this route

Santa Fe TrailSanta Fe Trail

• Mountain man, William Becknell, was 1st to lead settlers along the Santa Fe trail.

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny• America would

expand from coast to coast

• Americans believed westward expansion would offer new economic opportunities

Polk Declares WarPolk Declares War

• President Polk favored expansion

• When American and Mexican troops clashed near the Rio Grande, Polk urged Congress to declare war on Mexico

New Mexico added to U.S.New Mexico added to U.S.

• U.S. acquired New Mexico territory as result of the Mexican War

• Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo: Mexican cession

• Cede: give up territory

Mormons Settle UtahMormons Settle Utah

• Seeking refuge from religious persecution

• Refuge: a safe place

• Social and religious values clashed with those of other settlers

California Gold RushCalifornia Gold Rush• Sutter’s Mill caused

“gold fever.”

• ’49ers

• Greed led to vigilantes & lynching; self-appointed law enforcement hanged accused without a trial

Cultural MixCultural Mix

• American, Spanish, Mexican, Native American, Chinese Americans, African Americans rushed to CA

Native AmericansNative Americans

• Lived under both Spanish and Mexican rule: worked on missions and ranches

• Mistreated

• Native Americans lost land and lives after Gold Rush

Mexican InfluencesMexican Influences

• Mexicans influenced American culture in the Southwest by teaching new irrigation techniques and mining skills.

Good Luck on your test!Good Luck on your test!

Review Review

• Who were the first permanent American white settlers in Oregon?

• A. Fur Trappers

• B. Missionaries

• C. Mormons

Review Review

• Who were the first permanent American white settlers in Oregon?

• A. Fur Trappers

• B. Missionaries

• C. Mormons

ReviewReview

• What does “lynch” mean?

• A. give up

• B. attack in which enemy forces surround and try to capture a city

• C. execute without a legal trial

ReviewReview

• What does “lynch” mean?

• A. give up

• B. attack in which enemy forces surround and try to capture a city

• C. execute without a legal trial

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• What is a “rendezvous”?

• A. place were one is safe

• B. place were people meet

• C. place of execution

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• What was the biggest threat to those who traveled West in wagon trains?

• A. illnesses such as cholera

• B. lack of leadership

• C. snowstorms

ReviewReview

• What was the biggest threat to those who traveled West in wagon trains?

• A. illnesses such as cholera

• B. lack of leadership

• C. snowstorms

ReviewReview

• Why did American settlers in Texas come into conflict with Mexico in the 1830s?

A. Settlers wanted to throw out the Mexican constitution

B. Mexico wanted to sell Texas to Spain

C. Mexico feared losing Texas to the U.S.

ReviewReview

• Why did American settlers in Texas come into conflict with Mexico in the 1830s?

A. Settlers wanted to throw out the Mexican constitution

B. Mexico wanted to sell Texas to Spain

C. Mexico feared losing Texas to the U.S.

ReviewReview

• What led settlers and trappers to move to Oregon and the Far West in the 1820s?

a. Offers of jobs in the shipbuilding industry

b. Lure of fertile lands, plentiful rainfall and mild climate

c. The absence of Native Americans

ReviewReview

• What led settlers and trappers to move to Oregon and the Far West in the 1820s?

a. Offers of jobs in the shipbuilding industry

b. Lure of fertile lands, plentiful rainfall and mild climate

c. The absence of Native Americans

ReviewReview

• Why did the Mormons move west to settle in Utah?

A. They sought jobs on the railroads

B. They wanted to convert Native Americans to Christianity

C. They hoped to escape religious persecution

ReviewReview

• Why did the Mormons move west to settle in Utah?

A. They sought jobs on the railroads

B. They wanted to convert Native Americans to Christianity

C. They hoped to escape religious persecution

ReviewReview

• What is a “siege”?

A. Place where one is safe

B. Attack in which enemy forces surround and try to capture a city or fort

C. Place where people meet

ReviewReview

• What is a “siege”?

A. Place where one is safe

B. Attack in which enemy forces surround and try to capture a city or fort

C. Place where people meet

ReviewReview

• How did the U.S. and Britain settle their dispute over Oregon?

A. The U.S. bought the territory from Britain

B. The U.S. and Britain agreed to divide the land

C. The U.S. seized the land with military force

ReviewReview

• How did the U.S. and Britain settle their dispute over Oregon?

A. The U.S. bought the territory from Britain

B. The U.S. and Britain agreed to divide the land

C. The U.S. seized the land with military force

ReviewReview

• Which group of rugged individualists lived off the land in Oregon?

A. Mountain Men

B. Missionaries

C. Tejanos

ReviewReview

• Which group of rugged individualists lived off the land in Oregon?

A. Mountain Men

B. Missionaries

C. Tejanos

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• What does “cede” mean?

A. To meet

B. Give up

C. Attack enemies by surrounding the city or fort

ReviewReview

• What does “cede” mean?

A. To meet

B. Give up

C. Attack enemies by surrounding the city or fort

ReviewReview

• Mexicans influenced American culture in the Southwest by

A. Teaching Americans how to hunt in the desert

B. Teaching Americans new irrigation techniques and mining skills

C. Changing Americans’ views about Manifest Destiny

ReviewReview

• Mexicans influenced American culture in the Southwest by

A. Teaching Americans how to hunt in the desert

B. Teaching Americans new irrigation techniques and mining skills

C. Changing Americans’ views about Manifest Destiny

ReviewReview

• What final incident caused President Pok to urge Congress to declare war on Mexico?

A. The U.S. expanded to the Pacific ocean

B. American and Mexican troops clashed near the Rio Grande

C. Mexico rejected Polk’s offer to buy CA and NM

ReviewReview

• What final incident caused President Pok to urge Congress to declare war on Mexico?

A. The U.S. expanded to the Pacific ocean

B. American and Mexican troops clashed near the Rio Grande

C. Mexico rejected Polk’s offer to buy CA and NM

ReviewReview

• Which of the following caused Texans to seek revenge against Santa Anna’s troops?

A. The fall of the Alamo

B. The treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

C. The battle of San Jacinto

ReviewReview

• Which of the following caused Texans to seek revenge against Santa Anna’s troops?

A. The fall of the Alamo

B. The treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

C. The battle of San Jacinto

ReviewReview

• What is a “refuge”?

A. Place where one is safe from persecution

B. Place where people meet

C. Place where people are executed

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• What is a “refuge”?

A. Place where one is safe from persecution

B. Place where people meet

C. Place where people are executed

ReviewReview

• Which of the following statements about mountain men is NOT true?

A. They showed Indian trails to settlers who headed west

B. They discovered mountain passes that later became major routes to the West

C. They were the first white Americans to settle permanently in Oregon

ReviewReview

• Which of the following statements about mountain men is NOT true?

A. They showed Indian trails to settlers who headed west

B. They discovered mountain passes that later became major routes to the West

C. They were the first white Americans to settle permanently in Oregon

ReviewReview

• What was one challenge faced by the “Lone Star Republic”?

A. The U.S. refused to recognize its independence

B. Mexico refused to recognize its independence

C. American and German settlers fought over the issue of slavery

ReviewReview

• What was one challenge faced by the “Lone Star Republic”?

A. The U.S. refused to recognize its independence

B. Mexico refused to recognize its independence

C. American and German settlers fought over the issue of slavery

ReviewReview

• What development immediately followed the Texan victory at San Jacinto?

A. Texas became an independent republic

B. Santa Anna made Texas a Mexican province

C. American settlers were forced to leave Texas

ReviewReview

• What development immediately followed the Texan victory at San Jacinto?

A. Texas became an independent republic

B. Santa Anna made Texas a Mexican province

C. American settlers were forced to leave Texas

ReviewReview

• Which of the following caused conflict between American settlers in Texas and the Mexican government?

A. Most of the settlers felt no loyalty to the U.S.

B. Most of the settlers felt no loyalty to Mexico

C. Most settlers helped Santa Anna gain power in Mexico

ReviewReview

• Which of the following caused conflict between American settlers in Texas and the Mexican government?

A. Most of the settlers felt no loyalty to the U.S.

B. Most of the settlers felt no loyalty to Mexico

C. Most settlers helped Santa Anna gain power in Mexico

ReviewReview

• At what battle did Texans defeat Santa Anna and win independence?

A. Gonzales

B. The Alamo

C. San Jacinto

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• At what battle did Texans defeat Santa Anna and win independence?

A. Gonzales

B. The Alamo

C. San Jacinto

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• How was Texas admitted to the Union?

A. Congress passed a joint resolution accepting the annexation treaty

B. Mexico sold Texas to the U.S.

C. The President issued an executive order accepting the annexation treaty

ReviewReview

• How was Texas admitted to the Union?

A. Congress passed a joint resolution accepting the annexation treaty

B. Mexico sold Texas to the U.S.

C. The President issued an executive order accepting the annexation treaty

ReviewReview

• How did the belief in Manifest Destiny contribute to the westward expansion of the U.S.?

A. Americans believed they could learn from other cultures

B. Americans believed expansion would offer new economic opportunities

C. U.S. government believed it should invade Mexico

ReviewReview

• How did the belief in Manifest Destiny contribute to the westward expansion of the U.S.?

A. Americans believed they could learn from other cultures

B. Americans believed expansion would offer new economic opportunities

C. U.S. government believed it should invade Mexico

ReviewReview

• Why did Mormons leave their settlement in Ohio and move west?

A. The valley where they settled had frequent floods

B. They were frequently attacked by Native Americans

C. Their social and religious beliefs clashed with those of other settlers

ReviewReview

• Why did Mormons leave their settlement in Ohio and move west?

A. The valley where they settled had frequent floods

B. They were frequently attacked by Native Americans

C. Their social and religious beliefs clashed with those of other settlers

ReviewReview

• Which of the following did the U.S. acquire as a result of the Mexican war?

A. New Mexico

B. Texas

C. Oregon

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• Which of the following did the U.S. acquire as a result of the Mexican war?

A. New Mexico

B. Texas

C. Oregon

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• Which of the following was NOT a danger faced by settlers on wagon trains?

A. Cholera

B. Attacks by mountain men

C. Rain-swollen rivers

ReviewReview

• Which of the following was NOT a danger faced by settlers on wagon trains?

A. Cholera

B. Attacks by mountain men

C. Rain-swollen rivers

ReviewReview

• What role did missionaries play in the settlement of the West?

A. They organized wagon trains of settlers to establish new churches in the West

B. They helped build the port city of San Francisco

C. They helped to create interest in the new territories

ReviewReview

• What role did missionaries play in the settlement of the West?

A. They organized wagon trains of settlers to establish new churches in the West

B. They helped build the port city of San Francisco

C. They helped to create interest in the new territories

ReviewReview

• What trail ran from Missouri to New Mexico territory?

A. Oregon Trail

B. Santa Fe Trail

C. ’49er Trail

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• What trail ran from Missouri to New Mexico territory?

A. Oregon Trail

B. Santa Fe Trail

C. ’49er Trail

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• Which pioneer was the fist to lead Americans across the Santa Fe trail?

A. Brigham Young

B. William Becknell

C. Stephen F. Austin

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• Which pioneer was the fist to lead Americans across the Santa Fe trail?

A. Brigham Young

B. William Becknell

C. Stephen F. Austin

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• Who were the first travelers along the Santa Fe Trail?

A. Fur trappers

B. Mormons

C. Missouri merchants

ReviewReview

• Who were the first travelers along the Santa Fe Trail?

A. Fur trappers

B. Mormons

C. Missouri merchants

ReviewReview

• Native Americans in CA were NOT described in this way

A. Were vaqueros on cattle ranches

B. Worked on missions

C. Led easy lives

ReviewReview

• Native Americans in CA were NOT described in this way

A. Were vaqueros on cattle ranches

B. Worked on missions

C. Led easy lives