westward expansion. in 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states by 1830, 12 million...
TRANSCRIPT
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Westward Expansion
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In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states
By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states– The average family had five children !!
50 Years Later…
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Push Factors
“THE MOTIVATION”
What causes people to leave?
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Push Factors to the WestOvercrowding (you need a new place to live)
Need for jobs (displaced workers)
Ethnic/Religious repression
Refuge for outlaws
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Push Factors
Think about . . .
What “pushed” you out of bed today?
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Pull Factors
“THE INSPIRATION”
What leads people to a particular area?
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Land (cheap and plentiful)(you want a new place to live)
Riches (gold, silver, later oil)
Freedom of religion/beliefs
Family connections
Jobs and new opportunities
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Adventure!
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Or maybe to find love ??
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Pull Factors
Think about this . . .
What “pulled” you to SS today?
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Incentives to go west included:The Pacific Railways Act– granted railroad company’s 10 square
miles on either side of each track laid west
Morrill-Land Grants– land grants from states to educational
facilities with curriculum tied to agriculture and mechanical arts
– (Texas A&M, Oklahoma A&M etc..)
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Incentives to go west included:
Homestead Act – for approximately $10, settlers could have 160 acres of western land, if they met certain criteria:
• American citizens who were 21 years or older, or the head of a household
• Built a home on their lot, and lived in it at least 6 mos. of the year
• Farmed the land for 5 years or more
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Why did the government encourage so many Americans to go west?
A belief in the philosophy of Manifest Destiny, which stated that …..
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…. God, …, clearly wanted hard–working American(s) to occupy North America. It was inevitable and good that the United States occupy the continent “from sea to shining sea.”
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It is, he wrote, “our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions.”
John L. O’Sullivan gave these ideas a name: Manifest Destiny.
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Were there any specific incentives for groups of people to travel west?
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What were some of the issues preventing western expansion?
Financially ExpensiveLong JourneyUncharted TerritoryFear of the UnknownClimate and GeographyNative AmericansForeign Claims to the Land
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If we wanted the land, how could we acquire it?
War
Purchase
Theft
Trade
Land Grants
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Once we’ve decided to go west, how did we get there?
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on steam powered boats
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Wagon Trains
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On Horseback
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Stagecoach
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Locomotive
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Most often – WALKING!!!
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Transcontinental Railroad
Connected the East Coast w/ the West Coast
2 Companies
1. Central Pacific Railroad
2. Union Pacific Railroad
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Central Pacific Railroad
Moved east out of Sacramento, CA
Used Chinese Immigrants to lay track
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Union Pacific Railroad
Moved west out of Omaha, NB
Used Irish Immigrants to lay track
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Transcontinental Railroad
Took 7yrs to complete
May 10, 1869 @ Promontory Point Pres. Grant connected two lines w/ a golden spike
Time Zone were then created to keep trains on time.
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Problems for Western Settlers
Drinking Water – collected rain water– “Prairie Fever” or Typhoid
Solution: Dig Wells– DANGEROUS!
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Problems for Western Settlers
Squatters – people who moved onto land that doesn’t belong to them
Women find ways to preserve food, make clothing, soap, & candles
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Exodusters
Groups of African Am. moved west.
Led by Benjamin “Pap” Singleton
Get away from harsh treatment
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Exodusters
Where did they get their name?
BIBLE
– Book of Exodus
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Native American Wars
1830’s Pres. Andrew Jackson removed all major Nat. Am. Tribes west of the MS River (Oklahoma)
Trail of Tears
Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw, & Seminole
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Native American Wars
Many Tribes signed land treaties
They were then put on reservations – federal land set aside for Nat. Am. Tribes
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Native American Wars
Apache Wars – began during the Civil War in 1861; lasted 25 years
Apache were forced onto reservations
Geronimo – famous Apache leader
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Native American Wars
Sand Creek Massacre – US troops led by Col. John Chivington raided a Cheyenne camp
450 men, women, & children were killed in the raid
Cheyenne tribe will surrender a yr later
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Native American Wars
First Sioux War – started in 1866 when gov’t started building a road through their land
Sioux attacked the
men killing 80.
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Native American Wars
Sioux agreed to live on a reservation in the Dakota Territory
1875 US gov’t violated the treaty
Allowed gold miners on the land
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Native American Wars
Second Sioux War – Sitting Bull & Crazy Horse led a small band off reservation.
Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer- leader of 7th Cavalry; was set after Sioux
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Native American Wars
Battle of Little Big Horn – the Sioux had joined forces w/ other tribes
Col. Custer & 200 of his men died in the battle
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Native American Wars
In response – gov’t floods region w/ troops
Eventually Sioux returned to res.
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Native American Wars
Massacre at Wounded Knee – after Sitting Bull’s death; followers left res. to perform Ghost Dance
7th Cav. sent – killed 200 unarmed Sioux
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Extinction of the Buffalo
Railroad – killed to feed workers
Settlers – killed for hides/fun
Gov’t – killed them to starve out Native Am.
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Dawes Act
Gave plots of land to Native Am families
Land not good for farming
Not interested in farming
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Indian Territory
Present Day Oklahoma
Gov’t gave away 2 million acres of Indian land to whites in a race
April 22, 1889 – Great Race – over 10,000 settlers raced for claims
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Indian Territory
Boomer – settler who rushed into the land legally
Sooner – settler who marked land before the race
illegally
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Farming
Harsh Conditions
Dry Farming – crops that don’t need much water
Bonanza Farms – farm controlled by large businesses – grew single crop
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Mining
Gold & Silver strikes all over the west
Mining towns scattered all over west – mostly men
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Mining
Placer Mining – shovel loose dirt into boxes/ pans then run water over it.
Once metals gone towns became ghost towns
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Cattle Industry
Growing pop. = demand for more beef
Problem: How to get cattle from TX ranches to railway centers in the north?
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Cattle Industry
Long Drive – transporting cattle from ranges to cow towns/ railway centers
Cowboys helped move cattle
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Cattle Industry
Farmers against cattle drives
Barbed Wire – invented by Joseph Glidden ended the Long Drive
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Populist Party
Created by Farm and Labor Leaders
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Populist Party
Increase circulation of $
Unlimited printing of silver
Progressive Income Tax – % of taxes owed increases w/ income
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Populist Party
Gov’t control of communication & transportation
8 hour work day
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Western Legends
Buffalo Soldiers – name give to African Am. Cavalry
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Western Legends
Dime Novels – fictional western stories about real people
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Western Legends
Pony Express – Relay mail delivery system
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Western Legends
Deadwood Dick
Nat Love
African Am cowboy & rodeo star
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Western Legends
Jesse James
Led gang w/ bro
Robbed banks & trains
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Western Legends
Billy the Kid
William Boney
Hired Gun
Stole Cattle
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Western Legends
Butch Cassidy
Led Wild Bunch
Robbed banks & trains
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Western Legends
Sundance Kid
Henry Laughabough
Butch Cassidy’s partner
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Western Legends
Doc HolidayJohn HoldiayDentist turned gamblerGunfight @ OK Corral
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Western Legends
Wyatt Earp
US Marshall
Doc’s friend
Gunfight @ OK Corral
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Western Legends
Bat Masterson
Town Sherriff
Friend of Wyatt Earp
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Western Legends
Wild Bill HickockJames HickockTown SherriffKilled playing poker
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Western Legends
Buffalo Bill
Bill Cody
Army Scout
Showman
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Western Legends
Annie Oakley
Expert markswomen
Part of Buffalo Bill’s show
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Western Legends
Calamity Jane
Martha Jane Cannary
Army Scout
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