Pollution and human health Pollution and human health at risk…at risk…

EQ 1 - Task 4EQ 1 - Task 4

Due Wednesday 10Due Wednesday 10thth March MarchNote….. this presentation has been designed to be pleasing on the eye and easy on the mind.. When completed the work it contains will round up all that

is required for the first enquiry question – What are the health risks?

Ben / John – this ppt contains work – the idea being to get it done…

Health and disease at varying Health and disease at varying scales..scales..

Look at the following 3 maps…Look at the following 3 maps…

For each For each describedescribe what the map shows.. what the map shows..

ExplainExplain why you think it shows it.. why you think it shows it.. Consider Consider economic, social, environmental and political reasons.economic, social, environmental and political reasons.

HIV PrevalenceHIV Prevalence

This map shows the This map shows the number of people aged number of people aged 15-49 years old living with 15-49 years old living with HIV (Human HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)*. Immunodeficiency Virus)*. People may be infected People may be infected by HIV for many years by HIV for many years before experiencing the before experiencing the negative physical effects negative physical effects of the virus. In 2003 an of the virus. In 2003 an estimated 29 million estimated 29 million people aged 15-49 had people aged 15-49 had HIV, that was 1.1% of all HIV, that was 1.1% of all people in this age range. people in this age range.

Condom Use by MenCondom Use by Men

Definition Definition Condom use is measured by whether a condom was used at the last time of Condom use is measured by whether a condom was used at the last time of high-risk sex. High-risk sex is defined as sex with someone to whom you high-risk sex. High-risk sex is defined as sex with someone to whom you neither are married nor live with.neither are married nor live with.Some 47% of men and boys aged 15-24 used condoms the last time they Some 47% of men and boys aged 15-24 used condoms the last time they had high risk sex in the world, representative of 209 million people (if all of had high risk sex in the world, representative of 209 million people (if all of those ages had high risk sex at least once at some point. Some will have those ages had high risk sex at least once at some point. Some will have more, some just that, some none – this is probably an underestimate).more, some just that, some none – this is probably an underestimate).

Swine Flu in Swine Flu in the UK - the UK -

Summer 09Summer 09Map can be enlarged.Map can be enlarged.

Visit the following site if Visit the following site if you encounter you encounter problems:problems:

http://static.guim.co.uk/http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/Pix/pictures/2009/7/24/12484246152009/7/24/1248424615420/Swine-flu-map-of-420/Swine-flu-map-of-Britain--001.jpgBritain--001.jpg

The Epidemiology Model The Epidemiology Model

The following page shows the Epidemiology The following page shows the Epidemiology Model.Model.This model shows how disease / health changes This model shows how disease / health changes as a country develops through 4 important as a country develops through 4 important stages (shown in the pale blue – stages (shown in the pale blue – some might call it egg some might call it egg

shell blue shell blue bar on the next page). bar on the next page).The model is simple (just a red and blue line) The model is simple (just a red and blue line) showing disease / health changes over time.showing disease / health changes over time.Sketch the model in the middle of an A4 Sketch the model in the middle of an A4 sheet. Surround it in information (annotate) sheet. Surround it in information (annotate) explaining the factors explaining the factors (eco / soc/ env / pol)(eco / soc/ env / pol) responsible responsible for the changes shown.for the changes shown.

Stages or Age of :Stages or Age of : 11The age of The age of Pestilence + faminePestilence + famine

2 2 The age of Receding The age of Receding PandemicsPandemics

33The age of chronic diseases The age of chronic diseases

44Age of emerging /re-emerging infectious Age of emerging /re-emerging infectious diseasesdiseases

Causes of health Causes of health risk risk

Large number infectious, Large number infectious, acute diseases.acute diseases.

reduction in the reduction in the prevalence of infectious prevalence of infectious diseases + diseases + fall in mortality fall in mortality

Degenerative + human Degenerative + human induced diseases of affluence induced diseases of affluence suffered by ageing suffered by ageing populationspopulations. .

NewNewor the re-emergence of “old” diseasesor the re-emergence of “old” diseases

Examples of types Examples of types of health risk of health risk

Mainly respiratory + infectious diseases: Measles, Mainly respiratory + infectious diseases: Measles, smallpox, malaria, typhoid, cholera, tuberculosis, enteritis, smallpox, malaria, typhoid, cholera, tuberculosis, enteritis, diarrhoea, pneumonia diarrhoea, pneumonia

cancerscancersrespiratory diseases including respiratory diseases including asthma asthma

HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDSSARSSARSAvian InfluenzaAvian InfluenzaMeasles TB Measles TB

Link to pollution Link to pollution localised pollution, especially localised pollution, especially water borne water borne

rise in all types of pollution rise in all types of pollution as industrialisation as industrialisation increases.increases.

Environmentally conscious but Environmentally conscious but consumerist society consumerist society Reduced water +land Reduced water +land pollution, but increased air pollution, but increased air pollution pollution

In Low to middle income countries high rates In Low to middle income countries high rates of all types of environmental pollutionof all types of environmental pollution

Link to economic Link to economic development development

Low income countries UK in Low income countries UK in 1717thth C C Currently Ethiopia, Currently Ethiopia, Bangladesh , although most Bangladesh , although most moving to 2moving to 2ndnd stage stage

Industrialisation; UK in 19Industrialisation; UK in 19thth C. Currently Low to C. Currently Low to Middle income countries Middle income countries eg India, Western and eg India, Western and rural Chinarural China

Post-industrialisation:Post-industrialisation: UK in 20UK in 20thth C and currently C and currently Upper income countries Upper income countries +NICs/RICs+NICs/RICsEastern and urban China Eastern and urban China Ageing populations in Ageing populations in urbanised societies.urbanised societies.

Low to middle income countries, less able to Low to middle income countries, less able to cope with the ‘double burden ‘of health risk , cope with the ‘double burden ‘of health risk , late 20late 20thth C C Huge rise in HIV/AIDs, smoking, Huge rise in HIV/AIDs, smoking, hypertension, toxic effects of widespread hypertension, toxic effects of widespread environmental pollution, not under controlenvironmental pollution, not under control

Red= degenerative diseasesBlue= infectious diseases

Number affected..

Development / Time

How can health affect quality of life How can health affect quality of life and economic development?and economic development?

Answer this question in essay form.Answer this question in essay form.

– Intro - define terms and set the Intro - define terms and set the scene.scene.

– Main - examples to prove point.Main - examples to prove point.– Conclusion – Sum up and make th Conclusion – Sum up and make th

point.point.

Do you like my question mark? – note Do you like my question mark? – note the length I went to find one with a the length I went to find one with a globe in the dot ……………….>globe in the dot ……………….>