what are data flow diagrams

Computer Science

Software Engineering

1393

Data Flow Control

& Proposal T-Card Game Programming

Result Sheet

Author: Sayed Ali Daniyal

Teacher : Halim Halim

Contents Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) ........................................................................................................ 3

1. Conceptual Planning ....................................................................................................................................... 3

1. Planning and Requirements Definition ............................................................................................................ 3

3. Design ............................................................................................................................................................ 3

4. Development and Testing ............................................................................................................................... 3

5. Implementation ............................................................................................................................................. 4

6. Operations and Maintenance ......................................................................................................................... 4

7. Disposition ..................................................................................................................................................... 4

Software Development Life Cycle in to tree part ................................................................................................. 4

1. Activity Diagram (DFD) ............................................................................................................................ 4

2. Class Diagram (ERD) ................................................................................................................................ 4

3. Conceptual Diagram .................................................................................................................................. 4

What are Data Flow Diagrams? .............................................................................................................................. 4

Defining DFD Components .................................................................................................................................... 5

Entity ................................................................................................................................................................ 5

Process .............................................................................................................................................................. 5

Data Store......................................................................................................................................................... 6

Data Flow ......................................................................................................................................................... 6

Process for Developing DFDs................................................................................................................................. 6

Developing the Level 0 DFD .................................................................................................................................. 7

Revising the Level 1 DFD ...................................................................................................................................... 7

Advantages and Disadvantages of DFDs ................................................................................................................. 7

Strengths ........................................................................................................................................................... 7

Disadvantages .................................................................................................................................................... 7

Proposal ................................................................................................................................................................. 9

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 9

Background ...................................................................................................................................................... 9

Tools to be used ................................................................................................................................................ 9

Time Plane: ....................................................................................................................................................... 9

Charter of Our Project: ....................................................................................................................................... 9

Key Schedule Milestone: .................................................................................................................................. 10

Budget Information: ......................................................................................................................................... 10

Project Manager: ............................................................................................................................................. 10

Project Objective: ............................................................................................................................................ 10

T Card Code......................................................................................................................................................... 11

ConnectionToDB .............................................................................................................................................. 17

SwingAnimation ............................................................................................................................................... 18

Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) The SDLC process was designed to ensure end-state solutions meet user requirements in support of

business strategic goals and objectives. In addition, the SDLC also provides a detailed guide to help

Program Managers with ALL aspects of IT system development, regardless of the system size and

scope. The SDLC contains a comprehensive checklist of the rules and regulations governing IT

systems, and is one way to ensure system developers comply with all applicable Government

regulations, because the consequences of not doing so are high and wide ranging. This is especially

true in the post 9/11 environment where larger amounts of information are considered sensitive in

nature, and are shared among commercial, international, Federal, state, and local partners.

The seven-step process contains a procedural checklist and the systematic progression required to

evolve an IT system from conception to disposition. The following descriptions briefly explain each

of the seven phases of the SDLC:

1. Conceptual Planning

This phase is the first step of any system's life cycle. It is during this phase that a need to acquire or

significantly enhance a system is identified, its feasibility and costs are assessed, and the risks and

various project-planning approaches are defined. Roles and responsibilities for the Asset Manager,

Sponsor's Representative, System Development Agent (SDA), System Support Agent (SSA), and

other parties in SDLC policy are designated during this stage and updated throughout the system's life

cycle.

1. Planning and Requirements Definition

This phase begins after the project has been defined and appropriate resources have been committed.

The first portion of this phase involves collecting, defining and validating functional, support and

training requirements. The second part is developing initial life cycle management plans, including

project planning, project management, Configuration Management (CM), support, operations, and

training management.

3. Design

During this phase, functional, support and training requirements are translated into preliminary and

detailed designs. Decisions are made to address how the system will meet functional requirements. A

preliminary (general) system design, emphasizing the functional features of the system, is produced

as a high-level guide. Then a final (detailed) system design is produced that expands the design by

specifying all the technical detail needed to develop the system.

4. Development and Testing

During this phase, systems are developed or acquired based on detailed design specifications. The

system is validated through a sequence of unit, integration, performance, system, and acceptance

testing. The objective is to ensure that the system functions as expected and that sponsor's

requirements are satisfied. All system components, communications, applications, procedures, and

associated documentation are eveloped/acquired, tested, and integrated. This phase requires strong

user participation in order to verify thorough testing of all requirements and to meet all business

needs.

5. Implementation

During this phase, the new or enhanced system is installed in the production environment, users are

trained, data is converted (as needed), the system is turned over to the sponsor, and business

processes are evaluated. This phase includes efforts required to implement, resolve system problems

identified during the implementation process, and plan for sustainment.

6. Operations and Maintenance

The system becomes operational during this phase. The emphasis during this phase is to ensure that

sponsor needs continue to be met and that the system continues to perform according to

specifications. Routine hardware and software maintenance and upgrades are performed to ensure

effective system operations. User training continues during this phase, as needed, to acquaint new

users to the system or to introduce new features to current users. Additional user support is provided,

as an ongoing activity, to help resolve reported problems.

7. Disposition

This phase represents the end of the system's life cycle. It provides for the systematic termination of a

system to ensure that vital information is preserved for potential future access and/or reactivation.

The system, when placed in the Disposition Phase, has been declared surplus and/or obsolete and has

been scheduled for shutdown. The emphasis of this phase is to ensure that the system (e.g.,

equipment, parts, software, data, procedures, and documentation) is packaged and disposed of in

accordance with appropriate regulations and requirements.

Each column in the graphic represents an individual phase. The documents in each phase are created

and maintained throughout the rest of the development cycles until the final disposition of the project.

Although this indicates the process is linear, it is not. It is iterative and once a project is deployed, the

management of the project may return to requirements gathering to start all over again.

Software Development Life Cycle in to tree part

1. Activity Diagram (DFD)

2. Class Diagram (ERD)

3. Conceptual Diagram

What are Data Flow Diagrams?

Data flow diagrams illustrate how data is processed by a system in terms of inputs and outputs.

Data Flow Diagram reveals relationships among and between the various components in program or

system. DFDs are an important technique for modeling a system high-level detail by showing how

input data is functional transformations .DFDs consist of four major components: entities, processes,

data stores and data flows. The symbols used to depict how these components interact in a system are

simple and easy to understand; however, there are several DFD models to work from, each having its

own Symbology. DFD syntax does remain constant by using simple verb and noun constructs. Such a

syntactical relationship of DFDs makes them ideal for object-oriented analysis and parsing functional

specifications into precise DFDs for the system analyst.

Defining DFD Components

DFDs consist of four basic components that illustrate how data flows in a system: entity, process,

data store, and data flow.

Defining Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs) When it comes to conveying how information data flows

through systems (and how that data is transformed in the process), data flow diagrams (DFDs) are the

method of choice over technical descriptions for three principal reasons.

1. DFDs are easier to understand by technical and nontechnical audiences

2. DFDs can provide a high level system overview, complete with boundaries and connections to

other systems

3. DFDs can provide a detailed representation of system components

DFDs help system designers and others during initial analysis stages visualize a current system or one

that may be necessary to meet new requirements. Systems analysts prefer working with DFDs,

particularly when they require a clear understanding of the boundary between existing systems and

postulated systems. DFDs represent the following:

1. External devices sending and receiving data

2. Processes that change that data

3. Data flows themselves

4. Data storage locations

Entity

An entity is the source or destination of data. The source in a

DFD represents these entities that are outside the context of the

system. Entities either provide data to the system (referred to as a

source) or receive data from it (referred to as a sink). Entities are

often represented as rectangles (a diagonal line across the right-

hand corner means that this entity is represented somewhere else

in the DFD). Entities are also referred to as agents, terminators,

or source/sink.

Process

The processes the manipulation or work that transforms data,

performing computations, making decisions (logic flow), or

directing data flows based on business rules. In other words, a

process receives input and generates some output. Process names

(simple verbs and dataflow names, such as “Submit Payment” or

“Get Invoice”) usually describe the transformation, which can be performed by people or machines.

Processes can be drawn as circles or a segmented rectangle on a DFD, and include a process name

and process number.

Data Store

A data stories where a process stores data between processes for later retrieval by that same process

or another one. Files and tables are considered data stores. Data store names (plural) are simple but

meaningful, such as “customers,” “orders,” and “products.” Data stores are usually drawn as a

rectangle with the right hand side missing and labeled by the name of the data storage area it

represents, though different notations do exist.

Data Flow

Data Flows the movement of data between the entity, the process, and the data store. Data flow

portrays the interface between the components of the DFD. The flow of data in a DFD is named to

reflect the nature of the data used (these names should also be unique within a specific DFD). Data

flow is represented by an arrow, where the arrow is annotated with the data name.

Process for Developing DFDs

Data flow diagrams can be expressed as a series of levels. We begin by making a list of business

activities to determine the DFD elements (external entities, data flows, processes, and data stores).

Next, a context diagrams constructed that shows only a single process (representing the entire

system), and associated external entities. The Diagram-0, or Level 0 diagram, is next, which reveals

general processes and data stores. Following the drawing of Level 0 diagrams, child diagrams will be

drawn (Level 1 diagrams) for each process illustrated by Level 0 diagrams.

Developing the Level 0 DFD

At this point, you should have a good idea of the system boundary. All components within the system

boundary are included within a single system/process box in the DFD. External entities lie outside the

system boundary; internal entities will become locations for processes. The data flow arrows to and

from the external entities will indicate the system’s relationship with its environment. Remember that

information always flows to or from a process, an external entity, or a data store. You can use a

dashed line to show data flows between external entities. that are strictly external to the system at

hand if it will help make the DFD easier to understand.

Revising the Level 1 DFD

Once you’ve finished your first attempt at a Level 1 DFD, review it for consistency and refine it for

balance by asking yourself these questions:

1. Do the Level 1 processes correspond with the major functions that a user expects from the system?

2. Is the level of detail balanced across the DFD?

3. Can some processes be merged?

4. Can I remove data stores not shared by more than one process?

5. Have I avoided crossed data flow lines by making use of duplicated components (external entities

and data stores)

Advantages and Disadvantages of DFDs

Strengths

As we have seen, the DFD method is an element of object-oriented analysis and is widely used. Use

of DFDs promotes quick and relatively easy project code development. DFDs are easy to learn with

their few-and simple-to-understand symbols (once you decide on a particular DFD model). The

syntax used for designing DFDs is simple, employing English nouns or noun adjective-verb

constructs.

Disadvantages

DFDs for large systems can become cumbersome, difficult to translate and read, and be time

consuming in their construction. Data flow can become confusing to programmers, but DFDs are

useless without the prerequisite detail: a Catch-22 situation. Different DFD models employ different

symbols (circles and rectangles, for example, for entities).

User Open The Game

User Open The Game

User Validation And

Choose Friend(TEAM)

Deviding Cards As Random

Player One

Choose Score=+8

Player Two Can choose Score (=+8) or

Scape

Player two Can’t choose Score Equal or lsee than

Player one

Choose ScoreEscape

Player Two

Choose Score According to Previous

Player

The Process in the Loop Will

Repeat for next two Player

Player One Shoot the First Card (IT IS COLOR IN THIS ROUND)

It should be A if exist

Player One Shoot the First Card (IT IS COLOR IN THIS ROUND)


Player two Shoot the First Card (IT SHOULD BE SAME GROUP TO FIRST CARD IF EXIST)


Player two Shoot the First Card (IT SHOULD BE SAME GROUP TO FIRST CARD IF EXIST)


Player three Shoot the First Card (IT SHOULD BE SAME GROUP TO FIRST CARD IF EXIST)


Player three Shoot the First Card (IT SHOULD BE SAME GROUP TO FIRST CARD IF EXIST)


Player four Shoot the First Card (IT SHOULD BE SAME GROUP TO FIRST CARD IF EXIST)


Player four Shoot the First Card (IT SHOULD BE SAME GROUP TO FIRST CARD IF EXIST)


In this Period we have two Team Each team Consists two Players

Color has Power on other Categories.

Each card that has the more NUMBER win in the round.

Scores store for two Team

If: A Team can received the declared scores, the scores will add to their account.

Else:

Scores are doubled and add to apposite Team

Game will Finished up to 100 scores

Proposal

Introduction

Teka Game is very common and a popular form of entertainment in this region especially for the

young generation. Most of learner play Teka game in their free time to refresh their selves for

further study. Traditionally they have to buy cards and find suitable place to play the Teka. But in

some places or sometimes there is no card or suitable place for Teka players, so our automated

computerized solution of Teka game can assist players regardless the place suitability issue.

One example of Teka game is Hearts in windows 7 which is for one person. In this project we

planned our project milestones and the outcome should be a network game more likely Hearts

where four person can play together at a time.

Background

In T-card game project we design the Teka game for those who want to play the Teka game in

computer and there regardless playing cards or suitable place. Developing Card Game based on Java.

Where 4 players can play this game on Network. Game has some specific Laws. Players play with 52

cards which must be divided in to 4 categories. After starting, cards must arranged randomly. Each

Player will have 13 cards. The Right side player of who starts the dividing, should declare his scores

more or equal 8 or escape. If first Player escaped, Second Player should declare 8 scores, more or

escape. Else if first Player choose scores, the second player should choose scores more than first

player or scape (The above term will accommodate on each two reminded players).

Tools to be used

J2sdk (Java 2 software development kit, compiler)

IDE (eclipse , J creator, net beans …)

Photoshop

Logo Designer

Time Plane:

Data gathering must be finished in May 31, 2014

Designing of Frame and logo and layouts at to June 9, 2014

Working on game from June 10 until September 31, 2014

Testing of the game from October 1, until October 30, 2014

Charter of Our Project:

Project Title: T-card

Date of Authorization: May 1, 2014

Project Start Date: May 8, 2014

Project Finish Date: October 31, 2014

Key Schedule Milestone:

Data gathering must be finished in May 31, 2014

Designing of Frame and logo at to June 9, 2014

Working on game from June 10 until September 31, 2014

Testing of the game from October 1, until October 30, 2014

Task Start Date Finished Date Duration

First phase of the Project

1 Building the Main Frame 5/17/2014 5/23/2014 1 week

2 Insert Images to Main Frame and set Action to Menu Buttons

5/24/2014 5/30/2014 1 week

3 Making Algorithm of the Game for one User

5/31/2014 6/6/2014 1 week

Implement The Algorithm 6/7/2014 7/3/2014 4 week

Network Programming and make the Game for 4 Players

Second Phase of the Project

Budget Information:

This project is supported by Computer Science Faculty of Balkh University and there is no budget for this

project.

Project Manager:

Ahmad Shah, [email protected]

Project Objective:

The objective of this project is making a game for those who like Teka game and it will be a good

experience for our group member to make a game in java programming language which support

network programming.

Main Project Success Criteria:

This Project must be completed in time.

T Card Code

import java.awt.*;

import javax.swing.*;

import java.awt.event.*;

import java.util.Random;

public class T_Card extends JFrame implements ActionListener, MouseListener {

Container con;

JButton b4,b5,b6;

JButton b1,b2,b3;

JButton btnDist;

JPanel jpe,jpc,jpw,jpn,jps;

Icon cf1,cf2,cf3, north_c,west_c;

Icon[] c;

int[] randomList;

JButton[] bu;

Dimension size_s, size_n,size_w, size_ce;

JLabel lblMouseStatus;

int a,b,counter=0,overAllCounter=0;

Thread th;

public void createRandomList() {

randomList=new int[53];

Random r;

int repeat=0;

int ran_num;

int counter=1;

int i;

r=new Random();

while(counter<=52){

repeat=0;

ran_num=r.nextInt(52)+1;

randomList[counter]=ran_num;

if(counter>1)

for(i=counter-1;i>=1;i--)

if(randomList[counter]==randomList[i])

repeat=1;

if(repeat==0)

counter++;

}

}

public T_Card(){

super("T-Card");

createRandomList();

con = getContentPane();

con.setLayout(new BorderLayout());

setSize(1000,750);

setLocation(20,0);

setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

cf1=new ImageIcon("c1.png");

cf2=new ImageIcon("c2.PNG");

cf3=new ImageIcon("c3.PNG");

north_c=new ImageIcon("nor.PNG");

west_c=new ImageIcon("w_s.PNG");

//Center

jpc=new JPanel();

jpc.setLayout(null);

bu=new JButton[53];

c=new Icon[53];

btnDist=new JButton("Let Start");

btnDist.addActionListener(this);

btnDist.setBounds(200,430,100,70);

jpc.add(btnDist);

jpc.setBackground(Color.DARK_GRAY);

size_ce=new Dimension(500,0);

jpc.setPreferredSize(size_ce);

setDefaultLookAndFeelDecorated(true);

con.add(jpc,BorderLayout.CENTER);

// con.add(new JButton("Button east"),BorderLayout.EAST);

// for(int i=1;i<=52;i++)

th =new Thread();

setVisible(true);

}

public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent me) {

for(int i=1;i<=13;i++){

if(me.getSource()==bu[i])

bu[i].setBounds(100+i*50,0,80,100);

}

}

public void mouseExited(MouseEvent me) {

for(int i=1;i<=13;i++){

if(me.getSource()==bu[i])

bu[i].setBounds(100+i*50,30,80,100);

}

// lblMouseStatus.setText("Mouse Exited @{"+me.getX() +" ,"+me.getY()+" }");

}

public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent me){

}

public void mousePressed(MouseEvent me){

}

public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent me){

}

//South site

public void dist_Card_south() {

jps=new JPanel();

jps.setLayout(null);

jps.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(0,150));

for(int i=1;i<=13;i++){

c[i]=new ImageIcon("c"+randomList[i]+".png");

// c[x]=new ImageIcon("nor.png");

bu[i]=new JButton(c[i]);

bu[i].setBounds(100+i*50,30,80,100);

bu[i].addMouseListener(this);

bu[i].addActionListener(this);

jps.add(bu[i]);

con.add(jps,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

jps.setVisible(true);

setVisible(true);

}


}

//north site

public void dist_Card_North(){

jpn=new JPanel();

jpn.setLayout(null);

jpn.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(0,150));

for(int i=14;i<=26;i++){



bu[i].setBounds(100+(i-13)*50,30,80,100);



jpn.add(bu[i]);

}


con.add(jpn,BorderLayout.NORTH);

jpn.setVisible(true);

setVisible(true);

} //east site

public void dist_Card_east(){

jpe=new JPanel();

jpe.setLayout(null);

jpe.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(150,0));

for(int i=27;i<=39;i++){

c[i]=new ImageIcon("L"+randomList[i]+".png");


bu[i].setBounds(30,30+(i-26)*20,100,80);



jpe.add(bu[i]);

}


con.add(jpe,BorderLayout.EAST);

jpe.setVisible(true);

setVisible(true);

} //west site

public void dist_Card_west(){

jpw=new JPanel();

jpw.setLayout(null);

jpw.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(150,0));

for(int i=40;i<=52;i++){



bu[i].setBounds(30,10+(i-39)*20,80,100);



jpw.add(bu[i]);

try{

th.sleep(10);

}

catch(InterruptedException e){}

//setDefaultLookAndFeelDecorated(true);

con.add(jpw,BorderLayout.WEST);

jpw.setVisible(true);

//setVisible(true);

}

}

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){

if(e.getSource()==btnDist){

dist_Card_east();

dist_Card_North();

dist_Card_south();

dist_Card_west();

jpc.setVisible(false);

} else {

for(int i=1;i<=52;i++)

if(e.getSource()==bu[i]){

bu[i].setVisible(false);

if(counter%4==0){


jpc=new JPanel();

}

//bu[i].setBounds(60,20,80,100);

jpc.add(bu[i]);

bu[i].removeMouseListener(this);

// bu[i].removeActionListener(this);

bu[i].setVisible(true);

// size_ce=new Dimension(500,0);

//jpc.setPreferredSize(size_ce);

con.add(jpc,BorderLayout.CENTER);

//bu[i].setVisible(false);

counter++;

overAllCounter++;

if(overAllCounter==53)


}

}

//JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"the first button");

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

T_Card obj= new T_Card();

}

}

ConnectionToDB

import java.sql.Connection;

import java.sql.DriverManager;

import java.sql.ResultSet;

import java.sql.Statement;

public class ConnectionToDB {

Connection conn;

private Statement st;

private ResultSet rs;

public ConnectionToDB(){

try{

Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver").newInstance();

conn=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:DicDatabase");

st=conn.createStatement();

}catch(Exception e){

System.out.print("error Connection");

}

}

public void getdata(){

try{ rs=st.executeQuery("select * from game ");

while(rs.next()){

String user=rs.getString("Username");

System.out.print(" "+user);

}

}catch(Exception e){

}

}

public static void main(String args[]){

ConnectionToDB fi=new ConnectionToDB();

fi.getdata();

}

}

SwingAnimation

import java.awt.*;

import java.awt.event.*;

import javax.swing.*;

public class SwingAnimation{

Thread th;

ImageIcon images;

JFrame frame;

JLabel lbl;

int i = 0;

int j;

public static void main(String[] args){

SwingAnimation sa = new SwingAnimation();

}

public SwingAnimation(){

frame = new JFrame("Animation Frame");

th = new Thread();

lbl = new JLabel();

Panel panel = new Panel();

panel.add(lbl);

frame.add(panel, BorderLayout.CENTER);

frame.setSize(400, 400);

frame.setVisible(true);

frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

SwingAnimator();

}

public void SwingAnimator(){

try{

for(i = 1; i <= 5; i++){

images = new ImageIcon("c" + i + ".png");

lbl.setIcon(images);

th.sleep(1000);

}

}

catch(InterruptedException e){

}

}

}

what are data flow diagrams

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