what are lifestyle diseases?

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What Are Lifestyle Diseases?

• Lifestyle diseases are diseases that are caused partly by unhealthy behaviors and partly by other factors.

• Lifestyle diseases include cardiovascular disease, many forms of cancer, and two forms of diabetes.

• When you know the factors that contribute to lifestyle diseases, you can make lifestyle choices now to reduce your chances of these diseases later in life.

Chapter 14Section 1 Lifestyle and Lifestyle Diseases



Risk Factors for Lifestyle Diseases

• Controllable risk factors for lifestyle diseases include:

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• your diet and body weight• your daily levels of physical activity• your level of sun exposure• smoking and alcohol abuse

Section 1 Lifestyle and Lifestyle Diseases



Risk Factors for Lifestyle Diseases

• Uncontrollable risk factors for lifestyle diseases include:

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• age• gender• ethnicity• heredity

Section 1 Lifestyle and Lifestyle Diseases



Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases

Bellringer

• Look at the quote at right. Both the boy’s father and his grandfather have high blood pressure. What types of risk factors does the boy have?

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What Are Cardiovascular Diseases?

• Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are diseases and disorders that result from progressive damage to the heart and blood vessels.

• Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the United States.

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• The four main types of cardiovascular diseases are:

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1. stroke2. high blood pressure3. heart attack4. atherosclerosis





• Strokes are sudden attacks of weakness or paralysis that occur when blood flow to an area of the brain is interrupted.

American Stroke Association-Warning signs of stroke:1-Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg, especially on

one side of the body 2-Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding 3-Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes 4-Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination

5-Sudden, severe headache with no known cause CALL 911

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• Blood pressure is the force that blood exerts on the walls of a blood vessel. High blood pressure can injure blood vessel walls, leading to other cardiovascular diseases.

• Systolic pressure is the maximum blood pressure when the heart contracts. Diastolic pressure is the blood pressure between heart contractions.

• Blood pressures are cited in the form “Systolic pressure/Diastolic pressure.”

• Normal blood pressure is between 80/50 and 130/85.

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• Atherosclerosis is a disease in which fatty materials build up on artery walls. This can block blood flow or release clots that cause strokes or heart attacks.

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• Cholesterol is another type of lipid found in all human and animal tissues.

• Your body makes cholesterol. You also get cholesterol from foods such as meat, eggs, and dairy products.

• Cholesterol is necessary for certain essential functions in the body.

• Too much of certain types of cholesterol in your diet can cause deposits on blood vessel walls, increasing the risk of heart attack. (Atherosclerosis)

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Types of Cholesterol

• LDL - Low density lipoprotein– “bad” cholesterol

– builds up on the walls of arteries

• HDL - High density lipoprotein– “good” cholesterol

– helps remove cholesterol from the arteries



Stress and Heart Disease

• Medical researchers aren't sure exactly how stress increases the risk of heart disease.

• Stress itself might be a risk factor, or it could be that high levels of stress make other risk factors worse (e.g. high blood pressure and high cholesterol)– Fight-or-flight response: For example, if you are under

stress, your blood pressure goes up, you may overeat, you may exercise less, and you may be more likely to smoke.

• Chronic stress exposes your body to unhealthy, persistently elevated levels of stress hormones like adrenaline and cortisol.

• Studies also link stress to changes in the way blood clots, which increases the risk of heart attack.

WebMD





• A heart attack is the damage and loss of function of an area of the heart muscle.

• Heart attacks are often caused by a blockage of the coronary arteries that carry blood into the heart.

• Angina-Pain in the heart muscle due to lack of oxygen

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Heart Video

•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H04d3rJCLCE



Myocardial Infarction (MI)AKA: Heart Attack

•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YcNYxegDXa8




Detecting and Treating Cardiovascular Diseases

• Other methods for detecting CVDs include:

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• electrocardiograms (EKGs) that measure the electrical activity of the heart

• ultrasound images of the pumping heart and heart valves

• angiography – Injecting dye into the coronary arteries to look for blockages



Conduction System Vocabulary

•ECG/EKG-

•SA Node-

•AV Node-



Conduction System Video

• Conduction System




Detecting and Treating Cardiovascular Diseases

• Options for treating CVDs include:

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• diet and exercise• medicines• surgery• angioplasty• pacemakers• transplants



Angiography Vocabulary

•Angiogram-

•Angioplasty-



Angioplasty

•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N7nghr9TpSU



Bypass Vocabulary

•CABG-



Coronary Arterial Bypass Grafting (CABG)AKA: Bypass Surgery

•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bwJCHYeGcU4




Preventing Cardiovascular Diseases

• Some steps you can take to prevent CVDs include:

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• reducing consumption of saturated fats, cholesterol, and salt

• keeping weight near recommended levels• not smoking• exercising regularly• monitoring your blood pressure and cholesterol

level• reducing stress

what are lifestyle diseases?

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