What are the MONOMERS of each POLYMER?

POLYMER MONOMER• Proteins

• Lipids

• Carbohydrates

• Nucleic acids

NUCLEOTIDES

AMINO ACIDS

CARBON RINGS

FATTY ACID TAILS

DNADeoxyribose Nucleic Acid

Each nucleotide is made up of:• PHOSPHATE GROUP• DEOXYRIBOSE SUGAR• BASES (A, T, C or G) held

together by Hydrogen bonds.

DNA’s “alphabet”: A, T, C and G

DNA REPLICATION

How fast does it happen?• http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/dna-replication-advanced-detail

When does DNA replicate?• Interphase (G1, S, G2)• Prophase• Metaphase• Anaphase• Telophase• Cytokinesis?

A simpler view of DNA replication

• http://www.johnkyrk.com/DNAreplication.html

Who do you have to remember?• Helicase: unwinds the double helix• DNA POLYmerase: brings the MANY nucleotides

and matches A to T and C to G

DNA CODES FOR PROTEINS:

The different kinds of proteins:• Structural • Hormones• Enzymes (………ase) amylase, lactase, …. • Defense• Transport

Basic structure of an amino acid (the monomer of a protein).

• Carbon middle

• Amino group

• Carboxyl group

• R group

DNA is precious. It may not leave the nucleus.

• mRNA: a complimentary copy of a section of the DNA molecule. It carries instructions for building proteins in ribosomes.

• mRNA DOES NOOOOT HAAAAVE THYAMINE. It has URACIL instead.

If the DNA code is …

• ATC.CGG.GGT.TAA.CGG.TGC.CCA.AAT.TCA

• What is the other side of the DNA molecule?

• And the codons mRNA for the bottom strand?

TAG CCAGCC GCCATT GGTACG AGTTTA

AUC CGG GGU UAA CGG UGC CCA AAU UCA

In DNA A goes with T and C goes with G.In RNA A goes with U, T goes with A and C goes with G.

Videos of protein synthesis(transcription and translation)

• http://www.wisc-online.com/Objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=AP1302

• You didn’t get it?• http://www.wiley.com/college/boyer/047000

3790/animations/translation/translation.htm

Words you need to know by now…

• DNA: a nucleic acid carrying the genetic code of an organism or virus.

• mRNA: a nucleic acid complimentary copy of a section of DNA. Carries instructions for making a protein to the nucleus

• tRNA: a nucleic acid which brings amino acids to the mRNA in the nucleus

• Codon: a group of three bases in the mRNA• Anticodon: a group of three bases in the tRNA complimentary to

the codon.• Transcription: look it up.

• Translation: look it up. (you will need a dictionary for this)

• UUU• AGC• AUG• AGT• CCG• CCU• UUA• UAG

• UUU. UUG. CCA. UAA.