DSA Detection X-Ray Correct DSA Detection X-Ray Correct Threat ProductsThreat Products

Are You Training Your Are You Training Your Students Correctly With Your Students Correctly With Your

IED Training Aids?IED Training Aids?

To mitigate and counter the To mitigate and counter the IED threat we train our first IED threat we train our first

responders to identify the threatresponders to identify the threat

Quick QuizQuick Quiz1. 1. What color does C-4 turn in a x-ray?What color does C-4 turn in a x-ray?2. What color does dynamites turn in a x-ray?2. What color does dynamites turn in a x-ray?3. What should you see inside of a blasting 3. What should you see inside of a blasting cap in the x-ray?cap in the x-ray?4. Does molding clay have the same density as 4. Does molding clay have the same density as C-4?C-4?5. Does saw dust and wax have the same 5. Does saw dust and wax have the same density at the explosives used in dynamites?density at the explosives used in dynamites?

Answers provided at the end of the Answers provided at the end of the presentationpresentation

IED TrainingIED TrainingThe below image is a x-ray of a IED training aid that is very common. The below image is a x-ray of a IED training aid that is very common. Looking at it you probably do not see what is wrong with this slide. Looking at it you probably do not see what is wrong with this slide.

Students are visual learners and if the below slide is used to train your Students are visual learners and if the below slide is used to train your students you are teaching them incorrectly.students you are teaching them incorrectly.

Do you know what is wrong with this slide and the IED represented?Do you know what is wrong with this slide and the IED represented?

IED TrainingIED TrainingTake a look at this training slide. This slide is completely Take a look at this training slide. This slide is completely wrong and does not accurately show what a IED really looks wrong and does not accurately show what a IED really looks like in a x-ray. If a student is taught based on the slide below like in a x-ray. If a student is taught based on the slide below you are making a incredible mistake.you are making a incredible mistake.

Mistake # 1Mistake # 1Live explosives respond in a x-ray based on Live explosives respond in a x-ray based on their density and effective atomic number (Z their density and effective atomic number (Z effeff). This is represented by COLOR. All x-rays ). This is represented by COLOR. All x-rays do this!do this!

Most all explosives have a density between .7 -Most all explosives have a density between .7 -1.6 grams per cubic centimeter and Z 1.6 grams per cubic centimeter and Z eff eff number of 6.5-7.5. number of 6.5-7.5. They turn ORANGE!They turn ORANGE!

ARE YOUR IED TRAINING AIDS ARE YOUR IED TRAINING AIDS CORRECT?CORRECT?

Mistake # 2Mistake # 2

All x-rays machines have the ability to auto All x-rays machines have the ability to auto detect any material that matches the density and detect any material that matches the density and Z eff ranges of explosives by placing a Z eff ranges of explosives by placing a red box around the material. This helps the screener around the material. This helps the screener identify a explosive threat.identify a explosive threat.

Live ExplosivesLive Explosives

Green

Orange

Live Explosives (Red Box Indicates An Auto Detection)

TNT Flake and CastTNT Flake and Cast Composition BComposition B

Commercial DynamiteCommercial Dynamite

C-4 Composition # 4C-4 Composition # 4

Cast Booster TNTCast Booster TNT ANFOANFO

Live Explosives (Red Box Indicates An Auto Detection)

Mistake # 2 ContinuedMistake # 2 Continued

All Computed Tomography (CT) machines have All Computed Tomography (CT) machines have the ability to auto detect any material that the ability to auto detect any material that matches the density and Z eff ranges of explosives matches the density and Z eff ranges of explosives . .

DETECTIONDETECTION

Mistake # 2 ContinuedMistake # 2 Continued

No DetectionNo Detection

If you are showing a student a IED that is Green it is not If you are showing a student a IED that is Green it is not x-ray correct! If your training aid explosive simulant will x-ray correct! If your training aid explosive simulant will

not auto detect (red box) it is not x-ray correct!not auto detect (red box) it is not x-ray correct!

DSA Detection Training AidDSA Detection Training Aid

Visually CorrectVisually CorrectCorrect DensityCorrect DensityCorrect Z Correct Z effeff # #Correct ColorCorrect ColorAuto DetectionAuto Detection (RED BOX)(RED BOX)

Wrong Color

DSA Products vs What You DSA Products vs What You Are Using NowAre Using Now

WRONG

M112 BlockM112 Block

Semtex HSemtex H

VS.VS.

Secure Search

Correct DensityCorrect DensityCorrect Z eff #Correct Z eff #Correct ColorCorrect ColorAuto Detection (Red Box)Auto Detection (Red Box)

WRONG

DSA vs What You Are Using DSA vs What You Are Using NowNow

Commercial Blasting Cap

Lead Azide Dark MassLead Azide Dark MassIn Military M6 Elect capIn Military M6 Elect cap

Lead Azide dark mass in Non ElectLead Azide dark mass in Non Elect

Metal sleeve commonMetal sleeve commonTo Commercial capsTo Commercial caps

Squib

Live Blasting Caps

DSA Detection Inert DSA Detection Inert Detonators vs. CompetitionDetonators vs. Competition

Typical Inert Training Detonator

INCORRECT TYPICAL INERT BLASTING CAP

Empty tube with a wire tied in a knot, Totally WRONG!

DSA Detection X-Ray Correct INERT Blasting Cap

To Train Correctly You To Train Correctly You Must Use Training Aids that Must Use Training Aids that

will respond Correctlywill respond Correctly

Z and Density Plot for explosives

Average Atomic # (Z eff) is calculated by the chemical formula of the explosive

TNTTNT

Calculates the average Calculates the average atomic number for a compound for a compound or mixture of materialsor mixture of materials

ZZeffeff:: 6.9436.943

Density:Density: ~1.6~1.6 g/cm3g/cm3

Color Element Type Examples

Orange Organic Hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, paper, textiles, food, wood, water, plastics, Most explosives: TNT, Dynamite, Deta Sheet, Time Fuse, Det Cord, C4, smokeless powder, TATP, HMTD

Green In Between Inorganic, processed or synthetic materials (Aluminum, sodium, chlorine, processed salt)

Black Powder

Blue Inorganic Titanium, chromium, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, tin, lead, gold, silver, Firearms, ammunition, knives, wires, batteries, electrical items, zippers

Z Z eff 0-10eff 0-10

Z Z eff 10-15eff 10-15

Z Z eff 15 eff 15 and upand up

Average Atomic # (Z eff) determines what color they turn

All explosives have a known density

Density of an Explosive

DSA DSA Semtex 1H in a Semtex 1H in a CT x-ray CT x-ray system. Density system. Density Perfectly Perfectly matches real matches real SemtexSemtex

Biggest Issue! PRICEBiggest Issue! PRICEX-ray correct Pricing:X-ray correct Pricing:Company A: M112 Block Company A: M112 Block $325.00 each$325.00 eachCompany B: M112 Block Company B: M112 Block $130.00 each$130.00 eachCompany C: M112 Block Company C: M112 Block $212.00 each$212.00 each

DSA Detection: M112 Block DSA Detection: M112 Block $40.00$40.00

Quiz AnswersQuiz Answers1. 1. What color does C-4 turn in a x-ray? What color does C-4 turn in a x-ray? ORANGEORANGE2. What color does dynamites turn in a x-ray? 2. What color does dynamites turn in a x-ray? ORANGEORANGE3. What should you see inside of a blasting cap 3. What should you see inside of a blasting cap in the x-ray? in the x-ray? OrangeOrange color main charge, BlackBlack lead azide, BlueBlue metal sleeve, etc.4. Does modeling clay have the same density as 4. Does modeling clay have the same density as C-4? C-4? NO, that is why clay turns GreenGreen5. Does saw dust and wax have the same 5. Does saw dust and wax have the same density at the explosives used in dynamites? density at the explosives used in dynamites? NO, that is why it will not auto detect (red box)

What Do I Do Now?What Do I Do Now?

X-ray all of your training aides and compare X-ray all of your training aides and compare them to the live images provided.them to the live images provided.

If your explosive simulants are GREEN you If your explosive simulants are GREEN you need to replace them because you are need to replace them because you are

teaching people teaching people incorrectlyincorrectly..

If they do not auto detect than your If they do not auto detect than your explosive simulants are not x-ray correct.explosive simulants are not x-ray correct.