what do genes look like?. 1. where are genes located? genes are located on our chromosomes....
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What do genes look like?
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1. Where are genes located?
• Genes are located on our chromosomes.
• Chromosomes are different sizes.
• There are hundreds of genes on the shorter chromosomes and thousands of genes on the larger chromosomes!
• It is estimated that the human species has over 25,000 different genes.
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2. What are chromosomes made up of?
• Chromosomes are made of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and proteins.
• The DNA is wrapped around the proteins.
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3. Which type of material makes up your genes?
• Deoxyribose sugar
• Phosphate group
• Nitrogenous Base
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4. What two things must genes be able to do?
1. Give instructions for building and maintaining cells.
2. Be able to copy themselves to prepare for cell division.
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5. What are the building blocks of DNA?
• DNA is a nucleic acid.
• Nucleic acids are organic molecules made of subunits or building blocks called nucleotides.
• There are four different types of nucleotides, each with a different nitrogenous base…
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The Adenine Nucleotide
A
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The Thymine Nucleotide
T
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The Guanine Nucleotide
G
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The Cytosine Nucleotide
C
The Four different letters used to represent these nucleotides are A, T, G & C.
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7. What are Chargaff’s Rules?
• Chargaff is the name of the scientist who discovered what we call the base pair rule.
The amount of A = the amount of T because they always pair together.
The amount of G = the amount of C because they always pair together.
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8. How did Rosalind Franklin contribute to the discovery of
what DNA looks like?Rosalind Franklin was a female scientist who was the first to take x-ray photographs of a DNA molecule in 1952.
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9. What did Watson and Crick do?
James Watson and Francis Crick studied the pictures of the DNA molecule and were the first to build a model of DNA seen here.
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10. How did Watson and Crick describe the shape of DNA?
Double
Helix
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Use to answer 11 & 12
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15. What is the complimentary strand?
A T C C G A T T
T A G G C T A A