CHEMISTRY OF LIFE

Bellringer

What do you know about the atom?

Nature of MatterChemistry of Life

Atoms

Smallest Unit of matter “cannot be broken down by chemical means.”

Subatomic particles Protons – positive charge (p+) Neutrons - neutral charge (n0) Electron – negative charge (e-)

Ion v. Atom?What is different?

Atom Ion

= number of electrons as protons

Overall charge is 0

Ex. Na ; O

Different number of electrons then protons

Has an over all charge

Ex. Na+; O-2

What is the same?

# of protons stay the same

Ex. Oxygen is still Oxygen, but with a charge.

Atoms v. Elements v. CompoundsAtoms - smallest unit of matter that

cannot be broken down by chemical means

Element – Group of the same atoms

Molecule or Compound – two or more atoms bonded together. Molecules are typically covalently bonded Compounds are ionicly bonded

Metals v. Nonmetals on the periodic table

Covalent Bonding

Sharing of Electrons Examples

CO2

C6H12O6

H2O O2

Ionic Bonding

Transfer of electrons Examples:

Sodium chloride (NaCl) Calcium sulfide (CaS) Iron oxide

Covalent v. Ionic

Bellringer:Ionic or Covalent Bond?

CaO

NaSO4

CO2

H2O

NaCl

H2SO4

Fe(OH)3

C6H12O6

Build a Molecule Lab

Bellringer: 1/17/12

If you were playing with two magnets and decided to bring them together, describe how they would behave?

Matter is held together by Energy

All atoms want to be stable! They gain and loose electrons to become stable.

This can happen by either ionic bonding or covalent bonding.

When an atoms outer electron shell is full (8 electrons) its has reached stability.

Bonds represent energy.

Revisiting Bonding

Covalent Bonding

Ionic Bonding

Polarity

Like a magnet, it is a molecule that has a slightly positive and negative end.

Hydrogen Bonding

The attraction of polar molecules with hydrogen

Water molecules attract each other

Click on Picture!

Water movement in plants

Movement of Matter and Energy in Living Things

Matter Cycle, but Energy Flows Video

Pop Quiz

Solutions and solubility

With solubility you have to know… “Like dissolves like”

Polar things dissolve polar things Nonpolar things dissolve nonpolar things

Because Ionic compounds have a positive and negative size they are behave like polar

Will these dissolve? Water and NaCl? (Think of salt water) Water and CO2 ? (Think of pop) Water and sugar (glucose)? (Think of Koolaid) Oil and water?

Acids and Bases

Use the pH scale to measure the difference between acids and bases

TEL-Con

Write a paragraph using TEL-Con. Compare and contrast the difference between an acid and base (site examples).

Macromolecules

Macro = “big” Organic molecule = Macromolecules

found in living things 4 types of Organic Molecules

1. Carbohydrates2. Lipids3. Proteins4. Nucleic Acids5. ATP

Food Label Activity

Name of ingredient

Classification(ex. Carbs,

Protein, fats or other)

What is the amount

stated on food label?

Organic or Inorganic

Assignment: Each student bring in 3 food labels with ingredients. Between the 3 food label student need to list at least 10 different ingredients. Using the descriptions in the book on Organic molecules, students need to classify each ingredient as a Carb., Protein, Fat or Other. Once classified they need to identify the amount that is listed on the food label. Finally students need to classify whether the ingredient is organic or inorganic.

Bellringer

List the 4 categories of Organic Compounds.

Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids ATP (Bonus)

Video on Organic molecules

Video

Carbohydrates Primary source of energy Sugars

Polysaccharides (many) Monosaccharides (single)

Made of C,H,O Typically ending in “-ose”

Ex. Sucrose Galactose Cellulose (only in plants)

Glucose is the building block of carbohydrates Starch is a chain of glucose molecules that are

bonded together. Insulin is medicine given to people with diabetis (a

chemical that helps them brake down the sugar)

Lipids

Secondary source of energy Also known as fats Non-polar thus will not dissolve in water,

but will in oils Made of C,H,O

Ex. Oils Waxes Fat body tissue

Proteins

Third source of energy

Found in Muscles, make up structures of the body. Enzymes are also proteins

Building blocks are Amino Acids

Made of C, H, O, N

Nucleic Acids

Genetic information used in heredity DNA RNA

Composed of C,H,O,N,P

ATP

Like batteries Pockets of energy for use around the cell.

Bellringer: Enzyme Activity

At which temperature does Enzyme A perform the best?

At which temperature does Enzyme B perform the best?

Energy Absorbing Reaction

Energy Releasing Reaction

Energy Absorbing v. Releasing

Penny Lab

Analogy to the effectiveness of enzymes

Google Timer

Enzymes

Help speeds up reactions by lowing the activation energy needed for the reaction to take place.

Lock and Key

How does and Enzyme effect a reaction?

Enzyme Video

Enzyme Activity

Know that one of these enzymes is found in humans and the other is thermophilic (heat loving) bacteria, hypothesize which enzyme came from which organism?

Enzyme Activity

Propose a hypothesis that explains why the rate of reaction catalyzed by enzyme A slows down at temperatures above 40C.

Cycling of Matter

Cycling of Matter