what engineering is needed - power systems engineering ... · 10/29/2012 · laurel mountain, wv....

PJM©2015www.pjm.com

21st Century Power Grids:What Engineering is Needed

Terry BostonPresident & CEOPJM Interconnection

May 4, 2015

PJM©2015www.pjm.com 2

(PHEVs Someday)

Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20th Century

10. Air Conditioning/Refrigeration

9. Telephone8. Computers7. Agricultural Mechanization6. Radio and Television

Source: National Academy of Engineering

1. The Grid/ Electrification

5. Electronics4. Water Supply and

Distribution3. Airplane2. Automobile


Microgrids … New York City After Superstorm Sandy


Top Challenges Facing the Industry

• Electricity demand

• Extreme earth and space weather

• World’s largest fuel switch: Reliably managing switching to low-carbon fuel sources

• Natural gas operations coordination (security of pipelines)

• Integration of intermittent and demand side resources

• 21st century expectations for the grid: Need more HVDC

Each Challenge is Also an OpportunityAdapted from: EPRI


First Commercial Vehicle Fleet in PJM Market

• Increased asset utilization

• Fast response frequency regulation

• Operating in PJM’s Regulation Market

• Electrifying 2% of PJM’s light-duty “fleet” would double storage capacity in the region

http://www.udel.edu/v2g/

http://www.udel.edu/v2g/


Electric Vehicles in the PJM Footprint

“Nissan to use EVs as UPS for the Home”


Wild Cards: High-Impact/Low-Frequency Events

Opportunities to Improve Grid Resiliency Source: EPRI

October Surprise


Sandy – October 29, 2012

9:10 a.m. EDT

Engineering Storm Hardening PSE&G: $1.2 billionConEd: $1.0 billion


Extreme Worldwide Weather

Super Typhoon Haiyan


Polar Vortex: Key Actions

Improve generator availability and performance

Improve transmission system infrastructure

Incent better fuel availability and/or dual-fuel capability

Test generators before Winter arrives

Improve coordination with gas pipeline and neighboring power grids


Capacity Performance Features

Obligation to deliver energy

when PJM calls for it

Over-performers rewarded;

under-performers pay

Small net cost for improved

reliability/price stability


Engineering Designs for Resiliency

“Resilience is the ability to reduce the magnitude and/or duration of disruptive events.”


PG&E Metcalf Substation 500 kV and 230 kV

0137 Hours- gunfire begins at the substation0141 hours – first call to 911 received – the caller estimated three dozen shots had been fired at that point.0144 hours – second 911 call- the caller estimated 50-100 shots fired.

Do not copy.


It’s not Easy to Protect Substations


Gates & Guards & Guns


PJM Bunkers

Original Blast Doors

AC2 Construction


Avoid gas-fired plants; fuel prices high, volatile

Nuclear power poised for a renaissance

Digital tech driving more powerful processors and hard drives

Boring. Just run it safely and reliably

CCS grabs global focus and investment

Not in long-range plans or capital budgets

2000

Gas is king Nuclear renaissance stalled in US

Digital tech focusing on batteries and energy

Distribution system platform is the key enabler

CCS research funding and interest on the decline

Lion’s share of new plants; front and center in planning20

15

NaturalGas

NuclearPower

DigitalTechnology Distribution Carbon

CaptureWind andSolar

Long-Term Research Needs vs. Near-Term Trends

Source: EPRIKeep all options open in the long term; maintain a balanced portfolio


PJM New Generation by Fuel Type

35,040 MW Total

Gas = 75% Since Capacity Market Began in 2007


PJM Average Emissions (lbs/MWh)


0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Cum

ulat

ive N

amep

late (

MW)

In planning queues -12/2014

19,700 MW

Operational RPS Requirement

Wind Generation in PJM –Operational and Proposed

If you like wind …

… You have to love Storage


Grid-Scale Energy Storage System –32 MW Battery

Laurel Mountain, WVWind Farm98 MW61 turbines

Battery StorageLithium-ion (NEC)Power 32 MW, Energy 8 MWhPJM Total Grid-Scale BatteriesConnected 81 MWUnder study 459 MW

As of March 2015

Fly WheelsConnected 20 MWUnder Study 20 MW


Power Electronics for Controllability

Required for a conventional generator interconnection

• Automatic voltage regulators

• Automatic frequency response

• Droop control function

Smart Inverters Can Do This!

Why can’t we require this for asynchronous

generators• Need engineering standard


High Electric Storage Density with DiamondPrototype CVD diamond capacitor unprecedented energy density, energy storage and temperature performance.

23


Faster Real-Time Sensing and Analyticscould have Prevented the Aug. 2003 Blackout

Source: Secretary Chu


Big Data – 383 PMUs Installed in PJM


Astrophysics Fusion Biology

High Performance Scientific Computing

Private cloud network using high performing computer


Need to move from DC load flow to AC and faster computers for optimization.

Need to move from EHV AC flow to HVDCfor controllability.

Modeling & Super Computer

MO

DE

LSLI

NE

S


21st Century Controllability – HVDC Converter


What the World Needs Now – More HVDC

HVDC In serviceHVDC under constructionBack-to-back terminals

Europe

Northern Europe


What the World Needs Now – More HVDC

China

Japan



More HVDC Would Benefit the U.S.



Today: Looking Forward

Source: EPRI


Meeting the Challenge

Source: EPRI


A Tale of Two Nuclear Power Plants

• Only six miles apart, but a world apart in coping with the tsunami.

• At the Daini plant, operators responded with something like the U.S. nuclear industry’s FLEX strategy and saved all four reactors. Source: NEI

Daiichi Daini


Union Station ─ 1908

what engineering is needed - power systems engineering ... · 10/29/2012 · laurel mountain, wv....

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