what is a plant???
DESCRIPTION
What is a plant???. Organism that is: Multicellular Eukaryote Autotrophic Has Cell wall Photosynthesizes. Plants evolved from Green Algae. Brainstorm with a neighbor: What are differences between algae and plants?. Challenges from life in water to life on land. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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What is a plant???
• Organism that is:• Multicellular• Eukaryote• Autotrophic• Has Cell wall
• Photosynthesizes
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Plants evolved from Green Algae
Brainstorm with a neighbor: What are differences between algae
and plants?
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Challenges from life in water to life on land
1. Obtain resources from BOTH air and soil
• Roots: below ground and absorb nutrients and water
• Shoots: above ground and convert sunlight and CO2 to energy
• Vascular system: moves water and nutrients between roots and shoots.
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SHOOTS
ROOTS
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Challenges from life in water to life on land
2. Remaining upright and not falling over
• Lignin: chemical that hardens the cell wall to give strength and support to plants.
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Challenges from life in water to life on land
3. Maintaining Moisture
• Cuticle: Lipid, waxy covering that prevents water evaporation
• Stomata: Pores on underside of leaf that regulates water and gas exchange
– Guard cells: open and close the stomata
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Hole = stomata
Cells around hole = guard cells
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Challenges from life in water to life on land
4. Reproduction on land
• Need ways to prevent seeds from drying and ways to disperse
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BRYOPHYTES
• Moss
• Lack lignin and are considered non vascular plants
• Require water to reproduce because gametes have flagella
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Pteridophytes
• First group of plants to have vascular tissue (lignin)– Able to grow taller now
• Ferns, horse tails
• Reproduce through spores on underside of leaf and no longer dependent on water
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Gymnosperms
• First seed bearing plants– Naked seeds because they are not surrounded by
fruit.
• Conifers and needle leaf trees
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• Pollen cone– Male reproductive structure
• Pollen grains– Male gamete, adapted to dry environment and
transport through wind.
• Pine cone– Female reproductive structure
• Seeds– Plant embryo packaged with food supply inside a
protective coat.
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ANGIOSPERM
• Flowering plants• Fruit: Ripened ovary used to protect seeds
and disperse them.
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Parts of a Flower
• Petals– Brightly colored to
attract pollinators• Stamen– Male reproductive
structure– Anther: holds pollen
• Male gamete– Filament: holds up
anther.
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Parts of a Flower• Carpel– Female reproductive
structure
– stigma: sticky to catch pollen
– Style: long tube that connects stigma and ovary
– Ovary: holds ovules (eggs)
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How do Plants Reproduce?
• Pollination– Rely on animals to
transport pollen from male to female reproductive structure.
– Brightly colored petals attract pollinators
• Double Fertilization:–When pollen travels
down style it splits into 2 sperm cells• 1 fertilizes the
ovule to create seed• Other creates
food supply
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Seed Dispersion
• Once pollination has occurred seeds need to spread to allow for new plant growth– Burrs can stick to animals and move – Fruit can be eaten and then the core thrown– Some seeds need to be completely digested in
order to grow.– Water currents and wind.
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• Annuals:– Go through a complete
life cycle in one year.
Merigolds
Baby blue eyes basil
tomato
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biennials
• Takes two years to complete the life cycle.
English daisy
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Perennials
• Take several years to complete their life cycle.
agave
Baby’s breathCat tails
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Roots
• Found underground– Anchor plant– Hold soil in place– Absorb water and
nutrients.
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Types of Roots
• Fibrous Roots– SEVERAL THIN
BRANCHING ROOTS
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Types of Roots
• Fibrous • Tap roots– Long root to anchor
plant– Several small horizontal
root hairs.
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SHOOTS
• STEM– LOCATION OF LIGNIN– XYLEM AND PHLOEM
TO MOVE WATER AND NUTRIENTS THROUGH PLANT.
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• Leaf– Location of
photosynthesis – 2 parts• Petiole• Blade
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Types of Tissue in Plants
• Dermal Tissue–Acts as a
protective barrier for the plant.–Secretes the
cuticle.–Outer most layer
of tissue.
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Vascular Tissue• Contains lignin to give support.
• XYLEM: transport water and nutrients from roots to shoots–Transpiration is
the evaporation of water through leaves that drives the process
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Vascular Tissue• .
• PHLOEM: transports sugars due to diffusion (high concentration to low concentration).
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Ground tissue
• Tissue found between dermal and vascular tissue.
• Most abundant tissue type
• Location of photosynthesis
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Primary growth• Growth upwards and downwards in height.• Occurs at root caps and buds in plants.
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Secondary growth• Growth in width outwards.• Adds new xylem and phloem.• Every 2 rings = 1 year of growth for tree rings.
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