what is a wave? chapter 12 section 3 glencoe pages 452-458
TRANSCRIPT
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What is a Wave?
Chapter 12 Section 3Glencoe Pages 452-458
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I. Types of waves
A. What is a wave?
1. Wave – a disturbance that carries energy
through matter or space
the matter moves very little
the energy moves
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Most waves travel through a medium
2. Most waves travel through a medium
a. medium – matter through which a
wave travels
ripples in a pond move through water
sound waves travel through the air
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Mechanical waves
b. Mechanical waves – waves that require a
medium to travel
almost all waves are of this type
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Electromagnetic waves
c. Electromagnetic waves – waves caused by electric and magnetic fields that do not require a medium
Electromagnetic spectrum of waves,
consisting of: Radio waves, Microwaves, Infrared waves, Visible
light, Ultraviolet waves, X-rays, and Gamma rays
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Electromagnetic waves
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Electromagnetic waves
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Electromagnetic waves
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Wave Energy3. Waves transfer energy energy is the ability to do work waves have energy therefore waves can do work
example: water waves on a boat
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Wave Energy
Example: light waves on the eyes
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Wave Energy
Example: sound waves on your eardrum
*Bigger waves carry more energy
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Wave Energy
4. Energy may spread out as a wave travels
- sound waves, ripples in a pond move out
in circular patterns called wave fronts,
and get bigger farther from the source
and the energy spreads out along the
entire wave front
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B. Vibrations and waves1. Most waves are created
by a vibrating
object
2. Vibrations involve a
transformation of
energy, generally
between potential
and kinetic
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C. Transverse and longitudinal waves
1. Particles in a medium can vibrate up
and down or back and forth
2. Waves are classified by the direction of
particle movement
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Transverse and longitudinal waves
3. Transverse waves – waves causing the particles of the medium to vibrate perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling.Ex. Crowd doing the wave, light waves
Link to waves
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Transverse and longitudinal waves
4. Longitudinal waves – waves causing the medium particles to move parallel to the wave’s direction of travel
squeezing together (compression) spreading apart (rarefactions)
ex. Sound waves
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Surface waves
5. Surface waves – occur at boundaries between different mediums
air and water
- these waves move both in a transverse and a longitudinal way.
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Wave Properties and Forms
Chapter 12 Section 3: Holt Physics
Continued
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II. Two Basic Wave Forms
A. Pulse wave – a single non-periodic wave
A single traveling wave
Example:
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II. Two Basic Wave Forms
B. Periodic wave – wave whose source is
some form of periodic motion
Bouncing spring, wave machine
Example:
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III. Wave properties A. Transverse waves look like a sine curve (looks
like an “S” on its side)
- example drawing – all parts labeled
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I. Wave properties
Transverse wave picture
- sine waves with the shape of a sine curve- Waves whose particles move
perpendicular to the direction of wave
motion
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B. Parts of a transverse wave1. Crest – highest point on a transverse wave
2. Trough – lowest point on a transverse wave
3. Amplitude – greatest distance a particle is displaced from its normal resting position
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B. Parts of a transverse wave4. Wavelength – distance between 2
successive identical points on a wave
symbol = (lambda) measured in meters
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C. Longitudinal waves1. No crests or troughs2. Compressions and rarefactions (stretched)- example drawing of longitudinal wave (click on
picture)
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C. Longitudinal waves Wave whose particles move parallel to the direction
of wave motion
Compressions – areas where the medium is squeezed together closer than at equilibrium
Rarefactions – areas where the medium is stretched or expanded farther apart than at equilibrium
One wavelength is from compression to compression or rarefaction to rarefaction
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Longitudinal Waves
Longitudinal waves examples
Example #1
Example #2
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IV. Period, Frequency, and Wavespeed The source of the vibration determines the frequency
Frequency (f)– number of wavelengths that pass a point in 1 second measured in hertz (Hz) named after Heinrich Hertz (1888) 1 Hz = 1 wavelength (vibration) per second
can hear 20 Hz (low) 20,000 Hz (high)
Frequency of a vibrating object = frequency of a wave Frequency (f) = # of vibrations per second # vibrations / time
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IV. Period, Frequency, and Wavespeed Wavespeed = frequency x wavelength
V (m/s) = f (hz) x (m)
The wavespeed of a mechanical wave is constant for a given medium
Period (T) – time required for one full wavelength to pass a certain point (measured in seconds)