what is consumer behaviour (1)
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Evaluation of Customer
Behaviour, Expectation &Perception in building
Customer Relation
By:Swapna Chitra SahooRashmita JatiRupak Kumar Sahu
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What is consumer behaviour?
It is the study of when, why, how, and where people
do or do not buy a product or service.
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Whose Behaviour is Important?
Buyer
Consumer
Customer
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Factors influencing Consumer Behaviour
Cultural and Social factors
Personal and Physical factors
Psychological factors
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Cultural and Social factors
Formal learning
Informal learning
Technical learning
Income
Family
Reference groups
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Personal factors
Education
Occupation
Economic position
Status
Personality and self concept
Lifestyle
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Physical factors Age
Sex
Health
Height and weight
Beauty
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Psychological factors Motivation
Perception
Learning
Attitude and beliefs
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Consumer Buying Process
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Need Recognition Physiological needs
Safety and Security needs
Social needs
Ego needs Self-actualization
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Information Search Personal and Non personal sources
Perceived Risk
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Post Purchase Evaluation Word-of-Mouth communication
Attribution of Dissatisfaction
Positive or Negative Biases
Brand Loyalty
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Customer expectation
Reference point to compare service delivery
Mainly two levels:o maximum level
o minimum level
Differ from customer to customer
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Levels of service performance
Below minimum level
Minimum service level
Adequate service level
Maximum service level
Above maximum level
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Zone of tolerance
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Determinants of maximum level
of service expectation
Needs and wants
Derived expectations
Personal expectations
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Determinants of minimum
level of service expectation Service choice
Emergencies Participative ability
Situational factor
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Factors effecting both maximum &
minimum level of expectation
Marketing communication
Word of mouth
Past experience
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Consumer
Perception
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Perception
The process by which anindividual selects,
organizes, and interpretsstimuli into a meaningful
and coherent picture of
the world.
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Elements of Perception Sensation
The absolute threshold
The differential threshold
Subliminal perception
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SensoryReceptors
The human organs (eyes,
ears, nose, mouth, skin)that receive sensory
inputs.
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AbsoluteThreshold
The lowest level at whichan individual can
experience a sensation.
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SensoryAdaptation
Getting used to certainsensations; becoming
accommodated to acertain level of
stimulation.
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DifferentialThreshold
The minimal differencethat can be detected
between two stimuli.Also known as thej.n.d.
(just noticeable
difference).
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Marketing Applications of the jnd
Need to determine the
relevant j.n.d. for their
products
o so that negative changes are not
readily discernible to the public
o so that product improvements
are very apparent to consumers
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SubliminalPerception
Perception of very weak
or rapid stimuli receivedbelow the level of
conscious awareness.
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Perceptual Selection Consumers subconsciously are selective as to
what they perceive.
Stimuli selected depends on two major factors
o Consumers previous experience
o Consumers motives
Selection depends on the
o Nature of the stimulus
o Expectations
o Motives
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Perception is influenced by:
Product and Service Features
Consumer Emotion
Attribution for Service Success or Failure
Perception of Equity or Fairness
Other consumers, Family Members and Co-workers
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Servqual A critical element to analyse customer perception,
customer evaluation and customer satisfaction
Service Quality Dimension: determines that thequality is based on multiple factors relevant to the
context
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The Gap Model
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Servqual Factors Reliability: ability to perform the promised service
dependably and accurately
Responsiveness:willingness to help customers and provide
prompt service
Assurance:employees knowledge and courtesy and their
ability to inspire trust and confidence
Empathy: caring, individualized attention given to customers
Tangibles:appearance of physical facilities, equipment,
personnel and written materials
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Judgment of 5 Servqual dimensions by customers
Reliability Responsiveness Assurance Empathy tangibles
Car Repair(Consumer)
Problemfixed the first
time andready when
promised
Accessible; nowaiting;
responds torequest
Knowledgeable mechanics
Acknowledges customersby names ordesignation;remembers
previous
problems
Repairfacilities;
waiting area;uniforms;
equipment
Airline(Consumer)
Flights topromised
destinationsdepart andarrive onschedule
Prompt andspeedy systemfor ticketing,
in-flightbaggagehandling
Trusted name;good safety
record;competentemployees
Understandspecial
individualneeds;
anticipatescustomers
needs
Aircraft;ticketingcounters;
baggage area;uniforms
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Service Encounters
Otherwise known as moment of truth
is whencustomers interacts with the service firm
It is potentially critical in determining customer
satisfaction and loyalty
Types:
o Remote Encounters
o Phone Encounters
o Face-to-Face Encounters
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Thank
You