what is cultural geography
DESCRIPTION
This presentation provides a general description about the Broad theme of Cultural Geography, along with definitions on cultural geographyTRANSCRIPT
Cultural Geography is the study of spatial variations among cultural groups and the spatial functioning of the society. It focuses on describing and analyzing the ways language, religion, economy, government and other cultural phenomenon vary or remain constant from
one place to another.
What is Cultural What is Cultural GeographyGeography
Evolution of culture is directly related toEvolution of culture is directly related to Human evolution (Homo Sapiens)Human evolution (Homo Sapiens)
Man,’s culture began with the man’s Man,’s culture began with the man’s capacity to use and to create or produce capacity to use and to create or produce tools and techniquestools and techniques Australopithecus Africanus - 5 Million Years Australopithecus Africanus - 5 Million Years
agoago used stone toolsused stone tools Use of Fire – 2-3 Million years agoUse of Fire – 2-3 Million years ago Tools made of bones - one million years Tools made of bones - one million years
agoago ( Age of Neanderthal Man)( Age of Neanderthal Man)
Evolution of Evolution of CultureCulture
Evolution of Culture.. Evolution of Culture.. ContinuedContinued
Cro- Magnon - 25000 years ago Cro- Magnon - 25000 years ago ( ( A developed Culture than the previous members)A developed Culture than the previous members)
Their contribution to CultureTheir contribution to Culture
Cave Paintings, Jewels made of sea Cave Paintings, Jewels made of sea shellsshells
statues of women that emphasized statues of women that emphasized pregnancypregnancy
weapons made of bones, horn, or ivoryweapons made of bones, horn, or ivory
Neanderthal ManNeanderthal Man AustralopithecusAustralopithecus
Africanus Africanus Homo ErectusHomo Erectus
Stages of Human Stages of Human EvolutionEvolution
Stages of Human Evolution…… Stages of Human Evolution…… ContinuationContinuation
Cro Magnon ManCro Magnon Man Cro Magnon WomanCro Magnon Woman Homo SapiensHomo Sapiens
What is Meant by Culture ?.......What is Meant by Culture ?.......
“ “Culture is a unique possession ofCulture is a unique possession of
man. It is one of the distinguishing man. It is one of the distinguishing
traits of human society. Culture does traits of human society. Culture does
not exist at sub-human level. not exist at sub-human level. Only manOnly man
is born and brought up in a Cultural is born and brought up in a Cultural
environment”environment” “ “Culture is the unique quality of man thatCulture is the unique quality of man that
separates him from the lower animals”separates him from the lower animals”
The Meaning of Culture……The Meaning of Culture……Some DefinitionsSome Definitions
“ “ Culture is the major way in which Culture is the major way in which human human beings adapt to their environments.”beings adapt to their environments.” Cultural Geography- Serena Cultural Geography- Serena NandaNanda
“ “ Culture is the way of life of a group of people, Culture is the way of life of a group of people, thethe complex of shared concepts and patterns of complex of shared concepts and patterns of learned learned behaviorbehavior handed down from one generation handed down from one generation to the to the next through the means of language and next through the means of language and imitation.”imitation.” Physical Anthropology and Archaeology – Victor Physical Anthropology and Archaeology – Victor BarnouwBarnouw
ContinuedContinued
””Cumulative creation of man”Cumulative creation of man” B. MalinowskiB. Malinowski
”Accumulation of thoughts,values and objects ; it is the social heritage acquired by us from preceeding generations through learning ,
as distinguished from the biological heritage which
is passed on to us automatically through the genes Graham WallasGraham Wallas
” ” The forms Superimposed on the physical The forms Superimposed on the physical landscape landscape
by the activities of manby the activities of man””
Carl O SauerCarl O Sauer
”Culture is the complex whole that consists of all the ways we think and do and everything we have as members of society” Robert Bierstedt ”the body of thoughts and knowledge , both theoritical and practical, which only man can possess E. V . De Robertv
”that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, law,customand any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society” Edward B Tylor
” Culture is something adopted , used, believed,practised or possessed by more than one person. It depends upon group life, for its existance
Robert Bierstedt
ContinuedContinued
Characteristics of CultureCharacteristics of Culture Cult1ure is learnt Culture is social Culture is shared Clture is transmissive Culture is continuous and cumulative Culture is consistant and integrated Culture is dynamic and adaptive Culture is gratifying Culture varies from society to society Culture is superorganic ideational
Components of a CultureComponents of a Culture
Modes of BehaviourModes of Behaviour Philosophies and EthicsPhilosophies and Ethics Morals and MannersMorals and Manners Customs and TraditionsCustoms and Traditions Religious ActivitiesReligious Activities Political and Economic Political and Economic
ActivitiesActivities
Components of a Culture Components of a Culture ( Continued)( Continued)
According to Julian Huxly…According to Julian Huxly…
1. Mentifacts1. Mentifacts
2. Sociofacts2. Sociofacts
3. Artifacts 3. Artifacts
Culture Contents
Material culture - Man made tools Infra-structure
Non-Material Culture – ways of acting
feelings Thinking
Sub Culture
” A sub- Culture is generally taken to mean a section of a national
culture” Duncan MitchellDuncan Mitchell
Themes in Cultural Themes in Cultural GeographyGeography
Culture RegionCulture Region Cultural DiffusionCultural Diffusion Cultural EcologyCultural Ecology Cultural IntegrationCultural Integration Cultural LandscapeCultural Landscape
Culture RegionCulture Region
Formal Culture Formal Culture RegionsRegions
Functional Functional Culture RegionsCulture Regions
What is aWhat is a Formal Culture Formal Culture RegionRegion
A region inhibited by people who have A region inhibited by people who have
one or more cultural traits in commonone or more cultural traits in common ( Such as Language, Religion, Race, etc.)( Such as Language, Religion, Race, etc.)
What is aWhat is a Functional Functional Culture RegionCulture Region
A region or area that function A region or area that function
as a unit politically , socially or as a unit politically , socially or
economicallyeconomically
What is Cultural What is Cultural Diffusion ?Diffusion ?
““The process of diffusion involves the The process of diffusion involves the
spread of cultural elements , both spread of cultural elements , both
materials artifacts and ideas from one materials artifacts and ideas from one
culture to Another”culture to Another”
George MurdockGeorge Murdock
Cultural DiffusionCultural Diffusion
Expansion Expansion
DiffusionDiffusion
RelocationRelocation
DiffusionDiffusion
Snowballing Snowballing EffectEffect
1.1. Stimulus Stimulus DiffusionDiffusion
2.2. Hierarchical Hierarchical DiffusionDiffusion
3.3. Contagious Contagious DiffusionDiffusion
Stimulus DiffusionStimulus Diffusion
When a specific trait fails to diffuse, but the When a specific trait fails to diffuse, but the underlying underlying
idea concept is acceptedidea concept is accepted
Hierarchical DiffusionHierarchical Diffusion
A type of expansion diffusion , innovations spread A type of expansion diffusion , innovations spread from one from one
important person to another or from one urban important person to another or from one urban center to center to
another temporarily bypassing persons of another temporarily bypassing persons of lesseimportancelesseimportance
and rural areasand rural areas
Contagious DiffusionContagious Diffusion
The spread of cultural innovation by person to person The spread of cultural innovation by person to person contact,contact,
moving wavelike through an area and population moving wavelike through an area and population without without
regard to social statusregard to social status
Cultural EcologyCultural Ecology
• Ecology Ecology Oikos + LogiaOikos + Logia
Oikologia = Oikologia = TeachingsTeachings
about about
habitatshabitats
• Human Human Ecology Ecology
EnvironmentalEnvironmental
DeterminismDeterminism
EnvironmentalEnvironmental
PossibilismPossibilism
What is Cultural What is Cultural Ecology ?Ecology ?
• The study of the complex intricate The study of the complex intricate relationships between the physical relationships between the physical environment and people as culture environment and people as culture bearing animalsbearing animals
Cultural Cultural LandscapeLandscape
“ “Cultural Landscape” originate Cultural Landscape” originate fromfrom
all human activities in a specific all human activities in a specific
area.” area.”
Themes of Cultural Themes of Cultural LandscapeLandscape
Settlement PatternsSettlement Patterns Land DivisionLand Division ArchitectureArchitecture