What is Empowerment?

Almost every society has within it same mirority groups that feel incapable of controlling their own destiny. Similarly that work organizations have a number of employees who belive that they are dependent on others and that their own efforts will have little impact on performance.

Empowerment

• Empowerment helps remove the conditions that cause powerlessness while enhancing employee feeling of self- efficancy.

• They are five board approches to empowerment have been suggested.

Board Approches

• Helping employees achieve job master (ex. Giving proper training,coaching.)

• Allowing more control (ex. Giving them discrection over job performance.)

• Providing saccessful role models (ex. Allowing them to observe peers.)

• Using social reinforcement and persuasion (ex. Giving praise.)

• Giving emotional support (ex. Providing reduction of stress.)

The Process of Empowerment

Remove conditions of powerlessness

-- Changes-- Leadership-- Reward system-- Job

Enchance Job-related sef – efficacy

-- Job mastery-- Control and accourtability-- Role models-- Reinforcement-- Support

Perepeptation of Empowerment

-- Competence-- Autonomy-- Job meaning-- Sense of impact

Effectiveness

Satsfaction

What is Participation?

• Participative managers consult with their employees, bring them in on problems and decisions so they together as a team. The managers are not auto cracks, but neither are they managers who abandon their management responsibilities.

Participation?

• There are three important ideas in the participitions.

1- Involvement

2- Motivation to contribute

3- Responsibility

Involvement

• First and probably foremost, participation means meaningful involvement rather than mere musucular activity. A person who participate is equ-involved instead of merely task-involved.

Motivation to Contribute

• A second concept in participation is that it motiveates people to contribute. They are emplowered to release their own resources of initiative and creativeity toward the objectives of organizations.

Acceptance of Responsibility

• Finally, participation encourager people to accept responsibility in their groups activities. İt is a social process by which people become self-involvesd in an organization and wnat to see it work successfully.

What is Participation popular?

• Managers have for years recognized various benefits of participation, but these benefits were first demonstrated experimentally in clasic studies.

Benefits of participations

• İn various tyoes of organizatins under many different oporating conditions, participation has contributed to avariety of benefits.

Forcase affescting of participation

• Research result• Productivity improvement

pressures• Employee desires for meaning• Employee disres and

ezpertions• Ethical arguments• Utilization of workforce

diversity

PARTICIPATION

Forcase affescting the greater use of participation

How participation works

Participative programs

situation

Involvement•Mental

• Emotional

Outcomes

•Organization•Higer output•Better quality

•Creativity•İnnovations

•Employees•Acceptance•Self-efficacy•Satisfation

Two views of power

• Autocratic View

• Is a fixed amount

• Comes from the authority structures

• Is applied by management

• Flows downward

• Participative View

• Is a variable amount

• Comes from people throgh both official and unofficial chamels

• Is applied by shared ideas and activities in a group

• Flow in all direction

Strange as t may seem, participation actually may increase the power of both managers and their employees.

Prerequisties for participation

1. Adequate time to participate2. Potential benefits greather then coasts3. Relevance to employee interests4. Adequate employee abilities to deal with

the subject5. Mutual abilitiy to communicate6. No feeling of there at to either party7. Restriction to the area of job freedom

Programs for participation

1. Suggestion programs are formal plans to incite individual employees to recomended work improvements.

2. Qualitiy circles

3. Total qualitiy management

4. Self managing

5. Employee ownership plans.

Referance

• Organizational behavior – human behavior at work 11th edition.