What Is Ergonomics ?

ERGONOMIC

What Is Ergonomics ?Ergonomics (or human factors) is the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance.

The Purpose Of ErgonomicsTo increase the efficiency of employees

To prevent unnecessary and excessive difficulties

To prevent damage to human beings

To prevent unnecessary activities

Types Of ErgonomicsPhysical ErgonomicsPhysical ergonomics is concerned with human anatomical, physiological and biomechanical characteristics as they relate to physical activity

Cognitive ErgonomicCognitive ergonomics is concerned with mental processes, such as perception, memory, reasoning, and motor response, as they affect interactions among humans and other elements of a system.

Organizational ErgonomicsOrganizational ergonomics is concerned with the optimization of sociotechnical systems, including their organizational structures, policies, and processes.

Physical EffectsWork place layoutRepetiteve worksThe arrangement of the equipment during at workImproper postureStatic posture

Environmentel effectsNoiseTemparature ,humidity and air flow LightVibrationChemicals

Psychological EffectsConflicts (err, forgetfulness)SadFamily problemsJob problemsEconomic problemsInsecurityLimited career Negative social contact in work

Ergonomics Design ExpectationsEase of useConvenience of userComfortableHealth and securityPerformans increase

Ergonomic Risk Factors

Risk of injury increases with:Prolonged exposure to any of these ergonomic risk factorsPresence of multiple risk factors within a single job task

Awkward Posture

Repetition

Force

Static Loading

Contact Stress

Vibration

Benefits of Ergonomics

Decreased injury risk

Increased productivity

Decreased mistakes/rework

Increased efficiency

Decreased lost work days

Decreased turnover

Improved morale

MSDs (Musculoskeletal Disorders)

MSDs are injuries or pain in the bodys joints, ligaments, muscles, nerves, and structures that supports limbs, neck and back.MSDs are degenerative diseases and inflammatory conditions that causes pain and impair normal activities.

Common Causes of MSDsRepetitive and/or prolonged activitiesAwkward postures/positions for an extended timeStatic posturesVibrationHigh/low Temperatures for an extended timeForceful exertions

Signs Of MSDDecreased range of motionLoss of functionDeformityCrampingLoss of colorDecreased grip strengthLoss of balanceSwellingRedness

Symptoms Of MSDMuscle fatigue or painAchingBurningNumbnessStiffnessTingling

Types of Injuries

Muscle pain

Joint pain

Swelling

Numbness

Restricted motion

Repetitive stress injury

Repetitive motion injury

Cumulative trauma disorder

Musculoskeletal disorder

What To Do..?Prevent, Prevent, PreventWarm up & stretch before activities that are repetitive, static or prolongedTake frequent breaks from ANY sustained posture every 20-30 minutesRespect pain- positions or stop painful activityRecognize early signs of inflammatory processBe aware of workstation environment.

Control MethodsInstall engineering controls including workstation layout and proper toolsInstitute work practice controls including neutral postures for performing tasksAdministrative controls including rescheduling to reduce frequency or duration of exposure to MSDsPersonal protective equipment (PPE) to provide a protective barrier between worker and MSD

SummaryMinimize ergonomic risk factors in your area

Stretch throughout the shift especially before and after activities that require awkward positions or lifting

Pay attention to your body and know your physical limitations

Report ergonomics issues through appropriate channels.

Ergonomic injuries are preventable, and you own your own safety