what is ‘genetics’? genetics is the study of heredity and variations
TRANSCRIPT
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What is ‘Genetics’?
Genetics is the study of heredity and variations.
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What is this?
DNA molecule
Z
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DNA
is found
Inside the nuclei of cells
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A DNA moleculeconsists of 2 polynucleotide chains. The
chains run in opposite directions and twist to form a
Double helix
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A DNA molecule contains bases
which are
G, C, A, T
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In DNA molecule, base G
Pair with
C
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Protein synthesis is in the
Cytoplasm
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In nucleus, genetic codes are copied to
RNA
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DNA control the characteristics of an organism by
Forming different protein
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What is sex chromosomes of individual 3 and 4?
3: XX 4: XY
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The allele for normal body pigmentation is dominant (D) and the allele for albino is recessive (d).
State the genotype of individuals 1, 6, 10, 11
1: Dd 6: Dd 10: dd 11: DD/Dd
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The allele for normal body pigmentation is dominant (D) and the allele for albino is recessive (d).
Explain by means of a genetic diagram, the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring when individual 7 is
married to individual 10.
P: dd x dd:
Complete by yourself
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The proteins formed may be
(a)used to formed structures of the body,
(b)Enzyme which speed up metabolic reactions,
and
(c)Hormone which regulate physiological
processes.
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The base sequence of a DNA molecule can form the
Genetic code
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How many pairs of chromosome are there in one body cell?
23
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The 23rd pair of chromosomes determine the sex of an
individual and are called the
Sex chromosome
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Sex chromosome in female are
XX
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Sex chromosome in male are
XY
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Female produce only
X-bearing egg
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A fertilized egg will develop into a girl if the egg is fertilized by
An X-bearing sperm
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A fertilized egg will develop into a boy if the egg is fertilized by
An Y-bearing sperm
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Chromosomes are made up of
Protein and DNA
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A gene can exist in two or more alternative forms called
Allele
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An organism genotype contains two identical alleles is called
Homozygote
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An organism genotype contains two different alleles is called
Heterozygote
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What is abnormal with this set of chromosomes?
There are 3 chromosomes in chromosome 13
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Is this person a male or female? Why?
Female because there is no Y chromosome
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What is abnormal with this set of chromosomes?
There are 3 sex chromosomes
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The genotype of Blood group O is
ii
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The genotype of Blood group AB is
IAIB
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What are the four blood groups in human?
A, B, AB and O
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Tongue rolling is a dominant character in human. The dominant allele for
tongue rolling is T and the recessive allele for non-rolling is t.
What is the genotype of a non-roller?
tt
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Tongue rolling is a dominant character in human. The dominant allele for
tongue rolling is T and the recessive allele for non-rolling is t.
What are the possible genotypes of a roller?
TT/ Tt
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A DNA molecule is known to contain 10% adenine (A), what is percentage of thymine (T)? (Hints: A
pairs with T and C pairs with G on the two polynucleotide chain of a DNA molecule.)
10%
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A DNA molecule is known to contain 10% adenine (A), what is percentage of cytosine (C)? (Hints: A
pairs with T and C pairs with G on the two polynucleotide chain of a DNA molecule.)
40%
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A DNA molecule is known to contain 30% adenine (A), what is the ratio of thymine (T) to cytosine (C) in the same molecule? (Hints: A pairs with T and C pairs with G on the two polynucleotide chain of a
DNA molecule.)
3:2
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State the genotype of the individuals 1, 2 and 11, 13.
1: ii 2: IAi 11: IAIA/IAi 13: IAi
Z
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What is the chance of individual 3 and 4 having a boy with blood group O?
12.5%
Z
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What is the chance of individual 1 and 2 having a baby with blood group A?
50%
Z
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Allele which can express in heterozygous condition
Is called
Dominant
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Allele which can express in homozygous condition only
Is called
Recessive