what is human geography? some definitions "the science concerned with the formulation of the...
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What is Human Geography?Some Definitions
• "The science concerned with the formulation of the laws governing the spatial distribution of certain features on the surface of the earth." - Fred Schaefer, 1953
"...concerned with the locational or spatial variation in both physical and human phenomena at the earth's surface" - Martin Kenzer, 1989
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More Definitions
• "Geography is the study of earth as the home of people" - Yi-Fu Tuan, 1991
"Geography is the study of the patterns and processes of human (built) and environmental (natural) landscapes, where landscapes comprise real (objective) and perceived (subjective) space." - Gregg Wassmansdorf, 1995
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More Definitions
• a social science that focuses on the spatial distribution of human and physical phenomena;
• the study of the physical world, its inhabitants, the interaction between the two, and the patterns and systems involved;
• the world and all that is in it; • the study of pattern and processes asociated
with the earth; • the study of relationships between humans and
their environment by emphasizing a spatial and environmental perspective at a variety of scales;
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Goals of this class:
• Start thinking more from a spatial perspective. Where? And Why?
• Understand the impact humans have on the physical and cultural landscape.
• Understand the impact various landscapes have on people.
• Learn about specific areas of the world through a spatial perspective.
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Geography Vocabulary
• Words that help a geographer describe the spatial dimensions of earth and its people.
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Distribution
• The arrangement of a feature in space.
• Where mountains are on planet earth
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Density
• The frequency with which something occurs in space.
• How many cattle and calves are in a certain area.
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Concentration
• The extent of a features spread over space.
• The feature (lakes) could be spread out or close together.
• Look at the concentration of lakes in Cass County.
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Cass County MinnesotaConcentration of Lakes
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Cluster
• A feature on earth’s surface is bunched together.
• Look at the cluster of cancer deaths for white women in the united states 1950-1969.
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Dispersed
• Features on earths surface are spread out.
• Recycling centers are dispersed throughout Cass County.
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Pattern
• Geometric arrangement of objects in space.
• Check out the differences between the patterns of streets in Minneapolis and St. Paul.
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North Minneapolis-Grid Pattern
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One St. Paul- Street Pattern
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GIS-Global Information System
High performance computer system that processes geographic information in layers on a map.
Layers of data are shown here.
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Toponym
• A Name given to a place on earth• Names can indicate many possible
characteristics of a place.• They can reveal political, religious, and
cultural values of a place.
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What do these toponyms tell us about this place?
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Site
• The Physical or Cultural characteristics of a place.
• Marshy
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Situation
• The location of a place relative to other places.
• The situation of a place can impact many things including: business, conflict, recreation and culture.
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Situation
• How is Kurdistan effected by its situation?
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Region
• An area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics.
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Formal Region
• An area with measurable, objective boundaries.
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Vernacular/Subjective Region
• A region that is based on subjective criteria.
• What people believe to be a region.
• Not easy to measure accurately.
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Diffusion
• The spread of something from an initial point(s) on earth to other places.
Rap music diffusion
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Culture
• Body of customs, beliefs and material traits that constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people.
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Globalization
• A force or process which involves making something world-wide in scope.
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Scale
• http://www.hispaniola.com/dominican_republic/info/maps_zoom.php
A progressive classification, as of size.
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• A proportion used in determining the dimensional relationship of a representation to that which it represents.
Cartographers use these terms differently to normal English usage. Cartographers are referring to the relative size of the representative fraction. A large scale map is where the RF is relatively large. An RF of 1:25,000 (1/25,000) is larger than an RF of 1:1,000,000 (1/1,000,000). A large scale map uses more map area to describe a given area on the ground than a small scale map. Many people are initially confused by this terminology as the small scale map shown a much greater area of the ground than a large scale map of the same size.
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Large Scale Map
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Smaller scale map than the previous map.
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What type of region could this be?
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What type of Region cold this be?
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What type of region could this be?