what is karst? italy slovenia. two dominant types of karst landscape? determined by the origin or...
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WHAT IS KARST?
ITALY
SLOVENIA
TWO DOMINANT TYPES OF KARSTLANDSCAPE?
Determined by the origin or “genesis” of the waters doing the solution
TWO DOMINANT TYPES OF KARSTLANDSCAPE?
1. Autogenic: Waters originate as precipitation directly over the region of Karst. Auto = “self” genesis
TWO DOMINANT TYPES OF KARSTLANDSCAPE?
1. Autogenic: Waters originate as precipitation directly over the region of Karst……. Auto = “self” genesis.
2. Allogenic: Waters originate in some region other than the Karst and then flow over the limestone – generally as a river….. Allo = Spanish “Allí” = “there” … i.e. Not here!
WHAT ARE THE TYPICAL FEATURES OF AN AUTOGENIC KARST
LANDSCAPE?
Central and South Florida
Limestone
Limestone
Sand
Limestone
Sand
H20 + CO2 = H2CO3
Limestone
Sand
H20 + CO2 = H2CO3
InfiltrationCapillary Water
Limestone
Sand
H20 + CO2 = H2CO3
InfiltrationCapillary Water
CO2 concentration in soil 10x that of atmosphere!
Limestone
Sand
H20 + CO2 = H2CO3
InfiltrationCapillary Water
Highly acid water low
CaCO3 content.Aggressive!
Picks out layers (bedding planes) and vertical joints
for erosion.
Limestone
Sand
H20 + CO2 = H2CO3
InfiltrationCapillary Water
Bedding planes and vertical joints
enlarged by erosion.
Limestone
Sand
H20 + CO2 = H2CO3
InfiltrationCapillary Water
Groundwatertable
Limestone
Sand
H20 + CO2 = H2CO3
InfiltrationCapillary Water
Groundwatertable rises -more water,
greater soil mass
Limestone
Sand
H20 + CO2 = H2CO3
InfiltrationCapillary Water
Heavy, saturated soil collapses into
underground cavern system, causing surface
sinkhole.
Period of heavy rains such as tropical storms, hurricanes or stationary fronts
Limestone
Sand
During protracted drought the water table
drops, leaving some caverns
near the surface empty of water.
Limestone
Sand
Roof of cave collapses when no
longer supported by water,
and soil falls into sinkhole
Limestone
Sand
Most local streams flow into, but not out of lakes. They leave the region
underground via the cave
system.
ORLANDO AREA
“SINK HOLE PLAIN”, WEST VIRGINIA
CockPit Country, Jamaica
WHAT ARE THE TYPICAL FEATURES OF AN ALLOGENIC
KARST LANDSCAPE?
North Central Florida
LIMESTONE
NorthGainesville
SouthGainesville
100’
CLAY
LIMESTONE
NorthGainesville
SouthGainesville
100’
150’
SAND
CLAY
LIMESTONE
NorthGainesville
SouthGainesville
100’
150’
SANDHigh Infiltration
Rates
SANDHigh Infiltration
Rates
CLAYLow Infiltration
Rates
SANDHigh Infiltration
Rates
CLAYLow Infiltration
Rates
Excess Water fills pores – “perched” or “surficial” water table
SANDHigh Infiltration
Rates
CLAYLow Infiltration
Rates
Free or Gravitational Water moves horizontallyalong the geologic junction.
Excess Water fills pores – “perched” or “surficial” water table
Water table intersects land surface as “springs” and
“seeps”, the origin of most creeks in Gainesville
HOGTOWN CREEK BOULEWARE SPRINGS
GLEN SPRINGS
SAND
CLAY
LIMESTONE
NorthGainesville
SouthGainesville
100’
150’
Payne’s Prairie
SAND
CLAY
LIMESTONE
NorthGainesville
SouthGainesville
100’
150’
Biven’s ArmKanapaha Prairie
SAND
CLAY
LIMESTONE
NorthGainesville
SouthGainesville
100’
150’O’Leno and River RiseState Parks
O’LENOSTATE PARK
RIVER RISESTATE PARK
Gainesville Sun May 15, 2012
Gainesville Sun May 15, 2012
Limestone concealedbeneath Hawthorne Formation
Limestone at or near the surface
O’Leno andRiver RiseParks
PaynesPrairie