what is life? chapter 1 characteristics of living things life comes from life needs of living things...
TRANSCRIPT
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What Is Life? Chapter 1
Characteristics of Living ThingsLife Comes From Life
Needs of Living ThingsLiving, Non-living & Dead
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Characteristics of Living Things: All living things… Are made of
cells. Have the Ch
emicals of Life.
Use Energy. Are able to g
row and develop.
Will respond to a stimulus.
Are able to reproduce.
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Cellular Organization
Cells: The basic unit of structure and function in an organism.
Organism: A living thing that shares all of the characteristics of living things.
Unicellular: single celled organisms (bacteria)
Multicellular: Many celled organisms
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Chemicals of Life
Water (most abundant) Carbohydrates (energy
source) Proteins & Lipids
(building materials) Nucleic Acids (genetic
material)
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Carbohydrates:
The main source of energy for living things.
Sugar and starch Fruits
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Proteins:
Eggs, meat, fish, beans, nuts and poultry.
Made up of Amino Acids. Needed for the growth
and repair of body structures.
Hair and muscles. Provide energy.
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Nucleic Acids:
The blue prints of organic chemicals.
Large compounds. Help to make proteins. DNA and RNA are Nucleic
Acids.
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Energy Use: Metabolism: The
chemical reactions performed by a living organism. Needed for growth, to store energy, and repair cells.
Ingestion: How a living thing takes in or produces food.
Digestion: The process of breaking down food into simpler substances.
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Energy continued:
Respiration: The process of a living thing taking in food to produce energy.
Excretion: The removal of waste products.
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Response:
Stimulus, (Stimuli: plural): The signals to which an organism reacts.
Response: The action or movement or change caused by a stimulus.
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Growth & Development
Growth: the process of becoming larger.
Development: the process of change that occurs during an organism’s life to produce a more complex organism.
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Reproduction:
Sexual Reproduction: requires two parents. Most multicellular organisms reproduce this way.
Asexual Reproduction: reproduce with only one parent. Bacteria, yeast and some plants reproduce this way.
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Changing an old theory:
Spontaneous Generation: Before the 1600’s people believed that life could spring from non-living things.
Francesco Redi: an Italian doctor in 1668 helped to disprove Spontaneous Generation.
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Louis Pasteur
Mid-1800’s French Chemist Proved that Spontaneous
Generation was not true. He compared bacterial
growth in boiled and un-boiled broth.
Pasteurization
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Needs of Living Things:
Food Water Living Space Stable Internal Conditions
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Food
Autotroph: a kind of living thing that can make it’s own food. Auto means “self” and troph means “feeder”.
Heterotrophs: a kind of living thing that cannot make their own food. Hetero means “other”. They must obtain energy by feeding on others.
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Stable Internal Conditions
Homeostasis: To maintain a stable internal condition. Organisms must be able to keep the conditions inside their bodies stable, even when conditions in the surroundings change.
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Living Things:
Have all 6 characteristics of living things or have the potential to (seeds).
Cells Chemicals of Life Use Energy Respond to their
surroundings Grow and Develop Reproduce
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Non-living Things:
Do not have all of the 6 Characteristics of living things. It may have some, but not all!
It may never have been alive (rock), OR
It may have been alive once (tree), but went through a chemical or physical process and was changed (chair).
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Dead:
It once was alive, but no longer is.
It may still have cells or chemicals of life, but they no longer function.
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The End
Created by Mrs. Scibelli
Science Explorer From Bacteria to Plants