what is matter? october 2014. what is matter? a substance that has mass (“weight”) and volume...
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What is Matter?
October 2014
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What is Matter?• A substance that has mass (“weight”)
and volume (takes up space).
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States of Matter• Matter on Earth can exist as 4 different phases
or states (Others exist, but they are not included in our curriculum).
• Solid• Liquid• Gas• Plasma
• All living and non-living things are made of matter.
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Solids• Has a definite volume and a definite shape.• The atoms or molecules in a solid are strongly
attracted to one another and tightly packed.• Examples:–Rocks–Desk–Apple
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Liquids• Has a definite volume but no definite shape.• The atoms or molecules in a liquid are
attracted to each other, but not as strongly as those of a solid. They are free to move over and around each other.–Water–Blood–Milk
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Gases• Has no definite volume and no
definite shape.• The atoms or molecules of gases
have very little attractive force on each other. This causes them to move freely and independently.
• The atoms or molecules move apart until they’re evenly spaced throughout the container they are placed in.
• Examples:– Air (mixture of different gases)– Water Vapor (water in a gas form)
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Solid / Liquid / Gas Particles
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Plasma on Earth• On Earth, plasma is found naturally in lightning
bolts.• Also in Plasma TV’s,
Fluorescent Bulbs, and Neon Signs!
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Plasma• Plasma is super-heated gas– Very high temperatures and pressures. – When electrons become temporarily excited!
• Most of the matter in the universe is in the plasma state.
• Stars are composed of matter in the plasma state.
• The Sun is matter in this state.
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Vocabulary – p.56 in your INB
• Kinetic Energy – The energy of motion. A moving object has the most kinetic energy at the point where it moves the fastest.
• Thermal Expansion – increase in the size of a substance when the temperature increases OR contracts when cooled.– Exception to the Rule – WATER; when cooled it
expands.
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Melting………. Solid Liquid
• Melting – change from a solid state to a liquid state.
• Melting Point - The temperature at which a substance changes from its solid state to its liquid state through melting.
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Freezing………. Liquid Solid
• Freezing – change from a liquid state to a solid state
• Freezing Point - The temperature at which a substance changes from its liquid state to its solid state through freezing.
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Vaporazation…… Liquid Gas
• Vaporization (Boiling) – Change from a liquid state to a gaseous state.
• Boiling Point - The temperature at which a substance changes from its liquid state to its gas state through boiling.
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Condensation…….Gas Liquid
• Condensation –Change from a gaseous state to a liquid state.
• Condensation Point – temperature at which a gas condenses.
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Write the following question on the top of page 55 in your INB
• Think about your definitions and the Eureka video when answering the following question.
– Why is the grass wet in the morning when it didn’t rain the night before?
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Page 53 in your INB
Directions:Match the particles of matter and paste them in the correctly labeled jar – Solid, Liquid or Gas
When finished, write a description of how the particles move as well as find two picture examples of each state of matter.
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CHANGES IN MATTER• Matter will change
phases when heat is added or lost.
Brainpop Video
• Melting: solid to a liquid (heat is added)
• Boiling: liquid to a gas (heat is added)
• Sublimation: solid to a gas (heat is added)
• Freezing: liquid to a solid (heat is lost)
• Condensation: gas to a liquid (heat is lost)
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WAYS TO MEASURE MATTER• Mass – the amount of matter in an
object.– Measured in grams (g) and kilograms
(kg)
• Volume – The amount of space an object takes up.– Measured in milliliters (mL) and liters
(L), or cm3
• Density – amount of matter in a given volume of a substance
• Weight – The downward pull on an object due to gravity.