what is medicinal chemistry.ppt
TRANSCRIPT
M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING
Medicinal
chemistry
What is medicinal chemistry?
The science that deals with the discovery or design of new therapeutic chemicals and the development of these chemicals into useful medicine
A Father of Modern Medicinal ChemistryEdward E. Smissman, University of KansasSmissman Award of the ACS Division of Medicinal Chemistry named in his honor
Everyday drugs…..Still produce a response; many are
addictiveCaffeineSugarNicotineAlcoholFood additivesVitaminsHerbs
cocaineBesides being an extremely addictive and dangerous narcotic, cocaine has some medicinal use. Cocaine has been used as a local anesthetic for eye and nasal surgery.
The vasoconstriction helps reduce bleeding and the systemic circulation of cocaine (into the heart, specifically).
The tobacco plant When tobacco smoke is
inhaled, the nicotine passes quickly to every organ of the body.
The brain and nervous system are stimulated by small doses and depressed by larger ones.
Nicotine increases the heart rate and the blood pressure, and may contribute directly to the excess of thrombosis and atheroma in smokers.
HeroinDiamorphineOne of the best painkillers (“hero”)
1898: on market1903: withdrawn (addictive properties)
Today: still used
DRUGS
"all chemicals other than food that affect living processes."
The drug is a medicine. However, if a drug causes a harmful effect on the body, the drug is a poison.
The same chemical can be a medicine and a poison depending on conditions of use and the person using it.
DRUGS CLASSIFICATION
Drugs can be classified according to various criteria
Chemotherapeutic agents - used to cure infectious diseases and cancer. (Sulfa drugs, Antibiotics)
Pharmacodynamic agents - used in non-infectious diseases (Cholinergic, Adrenergic, Hallucinogenic, Sedatives)
Miscellaneous agents (Narcotic Analgesics, Local Anesthetics)
DRUGS NAME
Drugs have three or more names including a:
chemical name- rules of nomenclature of chemical compounds.
brand or trade name- selected by the manufacturer
generic or common name- common
established name
MODE OF DRUG ACTION
One major problem of pharmacology is that no drug produces a single effect.
primary effect is the desired therapeutic effect.
Secondary effects are all other effects beside the desired effect which may be either beneficial or harmful.
Drugs are chosen to exploit differences between normal metabolic processes and any abnormalities which may be present.
TYPES OF MEDICINES
SiddhaAyurvedhaAllopathyHomeopathyEtc………….
SIDDHA
The father of Siddha Vaidyam or Siddha Medicine. Agasthiya Guru
Siddha Medicines are natural and safe without any side effects.
Its a way of life formulated by Siddhars through their vision and realisation for getting peace for the mind, health for the physical body .
ANANAS COMOSUS
English Name : Pine apple
Family Name : Bromeliaceae
Chemical constituents : Bromelin
Action : Styptic, Emmenagogue, Anthelmintic, Vermicide,
Diaphoretic, Aperient
Uses in Siddha :
It is useful in vomiting,gastralgia,jaundice .
It’s juice is processed into syrup and it helps
in vomiting, excessive thirst, leucorrhoea
and other pitha disorders.
CITRUS AURANTIUM
English Name : Sour orange, bitter orange
Family Name : Rutaceae
Chemical constituent : d-linalool and glucoside hesperidin
Action : Refrigerant, Stomachic, Tonic
Uses in Siddha :
? It is a blood purifier.
? It reduces secretion of excessive bile and
improves digestion and health.
? It also helps in curing cough, diabetes
mellitus, chest pain, liver disorder.
ANNONA SQUAMOSA
English Name : Custard apple, Sugar apple
Family Name : Annonaceae
Chemical constituent : Seeds has an acrid principle
Action : Coolant, Tonic, Haematinic
Uses in Siddha :
It is prepared as syrup and it helps to reduce
heat in the body.
AYURVEDA
"the knowledge for long life"
Ayurveda stresses the use of plant-based medicines and treatments.
All diseases originate as an inbalance in the digestive system.
Up to 80% of people in India use either Ayurveda or other traditional medicines.
PAPAYA
Boosts up the immune system.
Increases quality of proteins in whole organism.
Encourages the renewal of muscle tissue.
Papaya can be use also externally as a treatment for skin wounds that don’t heal quickly, for this you can use papaya peel or ointments made out of papaya.
LEMON
Mouth ulcer and Throat infection.
Reduce Body Fat Stomach upsetConstipation Body pain
JACKFRUIT
The Chinese consider jackfruit pulp and seeds tonic, cooling and nutritious, and to be "useful in overcoming the influence of alcohol on the system.“
The seed starch is given to relieve biliousness and the roasted seeds are regarded as aphrodisiac.
The root is a remedy for skin diseases and asthma
ALLOPATHY
"The term 'allopathy' was invented by German physician Samuel Hahnemann ...
"Scientific medicine at the beginning of the [19th] century was heroic medicine.“
ACETAMINOPHEN
Paracetamol They are widely used for the
treatment of inflammatory disorders and painful conditions
Paracetamol is a drug used as a painkiller (analgesic) and for reducing fever (antipyretic)
Other names are panadol & tylenol in US
Benadryl
Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride
Benadryl is a medication that is used for a variety of different purposes.
It can be used to treat insomnia, sneezing and runny nose due to the common cold.
Healthcare providers may also occasionally recommend off-label uses for Benadryl such as for treating morning sickness, coughing, and autism.
CHEMICAL IN REGULAR USE
TULSI
TULSI MEANS IN COMPARABLE
IT CALLED AS QUEEN OF HERBS
TULSI IS AN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND
ANTI–OXDIANT
TULSI CONTENTS
OCIMUM SANCTUM
TULSI CONTAINS
ASCORBIC ACID
CAROTENE
ONE FORM OF VITAMIN -C
AMLA
Used in ayurvedha
Contains vitamin C
20 times the amount of vitamin C in oranges
prevents jaundice indigestion
regulates the blood sugar
GUAVA
Contains calcium , iron, protien
have more amount of vitamin A
prevents poor circulation
cataracts to help kidney to eliminate the waste
reduce the risk of cancer and cholestrol
TURMERIC
Used in sidha
Contains resin,fatty substances
Root contains 10% of glucosoid and turpethin
Contains mixture of phenol compounds
called curcumin
Having starch,protien,vitamin A,etc.
conclusio
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