what is organic chemistry? what do you know about carbon?
DESCRIPTION
Macromolecules “giant molecules” Formed by polymerization Small units (Monomers) join together to form polymersTRANSCRIPT
What is Organic Chemistry?
What do you know about Carbon?
Carbon Compounds (2.3)Organic ChemistryCarbon has 4 valence electrons
Macromolecules
“giant molecules”Formed by polymerization
Small units (Monomers) join together to form polymers
Four groups of Organic Cmpds. Found in Living things1. Carbohydrates - made up of C, H, O
1:2:1Main source of energy for living thingsStructural in plants and some animalsGlucose broken down, supplies energyExtra sugar stored as complex CHO
STARCH starch = polymer sugar molecules = monomers
Monosaccharides-single sugar molecule-glucose, galactose,
fructosePolysaccharides
-formed from monosacc.-extra sugar stored in
glycogen
Carbohydrates
Glucose
Starch
LipidsInsoluble in waterMade mostly from C and HFats, oils, waxesUsed to store energyPart of biological membranes and waterproof coverings
Steroids (chemical messengers, ex. cholesterol) are lipids
Structure of LipidsGlycerol + fatty acids (fig.2-14)
Saturated-each C in the F.A. is joined to a C by single bond (F.A. contains the max. no. H atoms)
Unsaturated-at least one C-C double bond in the F.A.
Polyunsaturated-F.A. contains more than one double bond
Unsaturated-liquid at room temp.
Cooking oils = polyunsaturated
Nucleic AcidsMacromolecules made up of H, O, N, C, P
Polymers assembled from nucleotides (monomers)
Nucleotides made of 3 parts:
1. Nitrogenous bases (A, G, C, T)
2. Phosphate group
3. 5-carbon sugar
Nucleic acidsStore and transmit genetic information
Two kinds of N.A. 1. RNA (ribose) 2. DNA (deoxyribose)
The structure of a nucleic acidNucleotide
AdenineThymineCytosineGuanine
Nucleotides
ProteinsMacromolecules, contain C, H, O, NMade up of amino acids *peptide bonds-amino group
-carboxyl group-More than 20 different A.A. in nature-the side chain called the R-group is different
-Dehydration synthesis vs. hydrolysis
Functions of ProteinsControl rate of reactionsRegulate cell processesUsed to form bones, musclesTransport materials into or out of cells
Help fight diseaseUp to 4 levels of organization