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What is precipitation? What is precipitation? • Phases of water in the air • Cloud formation © Copyright 2012. University of Waikato. All rights reserved. | www.sciencelearn.org.nz PRECIPITATION AND CLOUDS PRECIPITATION AND CLOUDS

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Page 1: What is precipitation? Phases of water in the air Cloud formation © Copyright 2012. University of Waikato. All rights reserved. |

What is precipitation?What is precipitation?

• Phases of water in the air

• Cloud formation

© Copyright 2012. University of Waikato. All rights reserved. | www.sciencelearn.org.nz

PRECIPITATION AND CLOUDSPRECIPITATION AND CLOUDS

http://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/
Page 2: What is precipitation? Phases of water in the air Cloud formation © Copyright 2012. University of Waikato. All rights reserved. |

What is precipitation?What is precipitation?

Precipitation is part of the water cycle, where water vapour in the atmosphere returns to a solid or liquid state and falls to the Earth.

Precipitation includes things like rain, snow and hail.

© Copyright 2012. University of Waikato. All rights reserved. | www.sciencelearn.org.nz

http://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/
Page 3: What is precipitation? Phases of water in the air Cloud formation © Copyright 2012. University of Waikato. All rights reserved. |

evaporation

condensation

precipitationconvection

waterwatervapour

© Copyright 2012. University of Waikato. All rights reserved. | www.sciencelearn.org.nz

Precipitation processesPrecipitation processes

http://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/
Page 4: What is precipitation? Phases of water in the air Cloud formation © Copyright 2012. University of Waikato. All rights reserved. |

Most temperate-zone precipitation starts off as snow!

© Copyright 2012. University of Waikato. All rights reserved. | www.sciencelearn.org.nz

http://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/
Page 5: What is precipitation? Phases of water in the air Cloud formation © Copyright 2012. University of Waikato. All rights reserved. |

Where does our rain originate?

Water vapour is transported and concentrated in the atmosphere by vertical and horizontal motion

evaporation

convection

advection

precipitation

© Copyright 2012. University of Waikato. All rights reserved. | www.sciencelearn.org.nz

Water vapour transportWater vapour transport

http://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/
Page 6: What is precipitation? Phases of water in the air Cloud formation © Copyright 2012. University of Waikato. All rights reserved. |

VapourInvisible but detectableWater in a gaseous stateVapour/steam

DropletsVisible as rainForm when air becomes saturated via the process of condensation

Ice particlesAt temperatures below 0°CHail often found at warmer ground surface temperatures

© Copyright 2012. University of Waikato. All rights reserved. | www.sciencelearn.org.nz

Phases of water in the airPhases of water in the air

http://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/
Page 7: What is precipitation? Phases of water in the air Cloud formation © Copyright 2012. University of Waikato. All rights reserved. |

Ice particlesIce particles

© Copyright 2012. University of Waikato. All rights reserved. | www.sciencelearn.org.nz

http://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/
Page 8: What is precipitation? Phases of water in the air Cloud formation © Copyright 2012. University of Waikato. All rights reserved. |

Wellington fog

© Copyright 2012. University of Waikato. All rights reserved. | www.sciencelearn.org.nz

Page 9: What is precipitation? Phases of water in the air Cloud formation © Copyright 2012. University of Waikato. All rights reserved. |

Cumulus cloudsEdward Hyde

© Copyright 2012. University of Waikato. All rights reserved. | www.sciencelearn.org.nz

Page 10: What is precipitation? Phases of water in the air Cloud formation © Copyright 2012. University of Waikato. All rights reserved. |

Clouds at Cape Hallett, Antarctica

© Copyright 2012. University of Waikato. All rights reserved. | www.sciencelearn.org.nz

Page 11: What is precipitation? Phases of water in the air Cloud formation © Copyright 2012. University of Waikato. All rights reserved. |

cold cloudspart/all above 0°C isotherm

ice droplets

Clouds are mixtures of droplets and ice particles

0°C isotherm

warm cloudstemp. > 0°C

droplets

glaciated cloudstemp. < –40°C

ice

mixed clouds

© Copyright 2012. University of Waikato. All rights reserved. | www.sciencelearn.org.nz

CloudsClouds

Page 12: What is precipitation? Phases of water in the air Cloud formation © Copyright 2012. University of Waikato. All rights reserved. |

Cumulonimbus – a mixed cloudPhilip Norton

© Copyright 2012. University of Waikato. All rights reserved. | www.sciencelearn.org.nz

Page 13: What is precipitation? Phases of water in the air Cloud formation © Copyright 2012. University of Waikato. All rights reserved. |

Cirrus – glaciated cloudsEdward Hyde

© Copyright 2012. University of Waikato. All rights reserved. | www.sciencelearn.org.nz


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