what is project 310810
TRANSCRIPT
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Project Management &
Operations Vs Projects
By
I. Krishna Murthy
Asst.ProfUniversity of Petroleum and Energy Studies
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Project Management Introduction
What is a project?
What is Project Management?
The Context for Project Management
The Project Management Process
Knowledge areas for project management
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What is a Project?
A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken
to create a unique product or service.
Temporary means that every project has a
definite beginning and a definite end.
Unique means that the product or service is
different in some distinguishing way from all
similar products or services.
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Distinguish between projects and operations
Operations are ongoing and repetitive.
Projects are temporary and unique
Projects are usually performed by teams
Clearly defined team and individual roles.
Open and effective communications.
Visible rewards for good performance, pressure to
improve poor performance
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Operations and Projects
Operations and projects share many
characteristics:
Performed by people.
Constrained by limited resources.
Planned, executed, and controlled.
Operations may include activities such as:
Financial management and control
Continuous manufacture
Product distribution
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Projects may include activitiessuch as:
Developing a new product or service.
Effecting a change in structure, staffing, or
style of an organization.
Developing or acquiring a new or modified
information system.
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Projects are TemporaryTemporary means that every project has a definite
beginning and a definite end.
The end is reached:
When the projects objectives have been achieved, or
When it becomes clear that the project objectives will not or
cannot be met and the project is terminated.
Temporary does not necessarily mean short in
duration:
Many projects last for several years.
The duration of a project is finite:
Projects are not ongoing efforts.
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The Product of a Project is Unique
A product or service may be unique even if thecategory it belongs to is large.
For example, many thousands of office buildings have been
developed, but each individual facility is uniquedifferent owner,
different design, different location, different contractors, and so
on.
Because the product of each project is unique, the
characteristics that distinguish the product or service must be
progressively elaborated.
Progressively means proceeding in steps; continuing steadily
by increments
Elaborated means worked out with care and detail; developed
thoroughly
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What is Project Management?
Project management is the application of
knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project
activities in order to meet or exceed stakeholder
needs and expectations from a project
Meeting stakeholder needs and expectations
involves balancing competing demands among:
Scope, time, cost, and quality.
Stakeholders with differing needs and expectations.
Identified requirements (needs) and unidentified
requirements (expectations).
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The Triple Constraint of Project Management
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Project Management &
Other Management Disciplines
Project ManagementKnowledge and
Practice
GeneralManagement
Knowledge and
Practice
ApplicationArea
Knowledge and
Practice
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Project Management and Software
Development
Software development shows many characteristics that make it
suitable for management as projects
Many software products are unique
Software development commonly involves deadlines for
time and resources
The characteristics of software are well suited to
progressive elaboration
Project Management techniques are commonly seen as best
practice for software development
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The Context for ProjectManagement
The Project Life Cycle
Project Stakeholders
Organizational Influences
Key General Management Skills
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The Project Life Cycle
The project life cycle serves to define the beginning
and the end of a project
The life cycle is normally divided into a number of
phases
Each project phase is marked by completion of one
or more deliverables
A deliverable is a tangible, verifiable work product
such as a feasibility study, a detail design, or a
working prototype.
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A Generic Life Cycle
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Project Stakeholders
Project stakeholders are individuals and organizations
who are actively involved in the project, or whose
interests may be positively or negatively affected as
a result of project execution or successful project
completion.
The project management team must identify the
stakeholders, determine what their needs and
expectations are, and then manage and influencethose expectations to ensure a successful project.
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Key Stakeholders
Key stakeholders on every project include:
Project manager
The individual responsible for managing the project.
Customer
The individual or organization who will use the project product.
Performing organization.
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Key Stakeholders
Key stakeholders on every project include:
The enterprise whose employees are most directly involved in doing
the work of the project.
Sponsor
The individual or group within the performing organization who
provides the financial resources, in cash or in kind, for the project.
Project team members.
The people doing the work on the project to realize a product.
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OrganizationalInfluencesConduct of Projects is influenced by:
Organizational Structure
range from fully functional to totally project oriented
Organizational Culture
Conservative orAggressive
Participative orAuthoritarian
Organizational Systems
Suitability of support functions such as finance, human
resource management or strategic planning for project
work
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Influence ofOrganizationalStructure on
ProjectsOrganization Type
Project
Characteristics
Functional
Weak
Matrix
Balanced
Matrix
Strong
Matrix
Projectize
d
Project Managers
Authority
Little or None Limited Low to
Moderate
Moderate to
High
High to
Almost
Total
Percent of
PerformingOrganizations
Personnel Assigned
Full-time to Project
Work
Virtually None 025% 1560% 5095% 85100%
Project Managers
Role
Part-time Part-time Full-time Full-time Full-time
Common Titles for
Project Managers
Role
Project
Coordinator/
Project
Leader
Project
Coordinator/
Project
Leader
Project
Manager/
Project
Officer
Project
Manage/
Program
Manager
Project
Manager/
Program
Manager
ProjectManagement
Part-time Part-time Part-time Full-time Full-time
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Key GeneralManagement SkillsGeneral management encompasses planning, organizing, staffing,
executing, and controlling the operations of an ongoing enterprise.
General management also includes supporting disciplines such ascomputer programming, law, statistics and probability theory,
logistics, and personnel.
Some general management skills are critical for successful project
management:
Leading
Communicating
Negotiating
Problem Solving
Influencing the Organization
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Project Management Process
The purpose of the Project management process is
to identify, establish, and coordinate and monitor
activities, tasks, and resources necessary for a
project to produce a product and/or service meetingthe agreed requirements.
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Outcomes of Project Management
As a result of successful implementation of theprocess:
The scope of the work for the project will be defined;
The feasibility of achieving the goals of the project withavailable resources and constraints will be evaluated;
The tasks and resources necessary to complete the work
will be sized and estimated;
Interfaces between elements in the project, and with other
projects and organizational units, will be identified and
monitored;
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Outcomes of Project Management
As a result of successful implementation of the process:
Plans for execution of the project will be developed and
implemented;
Progress of the project will be monitored and reported;
Actions to correct deviations from the plan and to prevent
recurrence of problems identified in the project, will be taken
when project targets are not achieved.
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(Project implementation and control)
KnowledgeAreas for Project Management Project Integration Management
Project Scope management
Project Time Management
Project Cost Management
Project Quality Management
Project Human Resource Management
Project Communications Management
Project Risk Management
Project Procurement Management