what is robotics - robotics concept explained for kids
TRANSCRIPT
Roboticsfor School
2010www.cyberlabzone.com
ROBOTICS
The Word Robot may bring to your mind a pictures of this….
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ROBOTICS
Or May BE this….
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ROBOTICS
But a Robot Need To BE A Machine Resembling Human…
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ROBOTICSInstead It can as simple as This…
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Humanoids & (AI)Artificial Intelligence
ROBOTICS
Are all the final outcomes of RoboticsTo talk about them now will be to
Early…..
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ROBOTICS
So let us Start with Some Basic
Right From GroundZERO
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ROBOTICS
What is Robot
A robot is machine designed to
execute one or more task
repeatedly with speed and precision
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The Three Laws of Robotics
• A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
• A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
• A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.
ROBOTICS
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• The word robot introduced by Czech playwright Karle Capek: robots are machines which resemble people but work tirelessly.
• His view is still to be fulfill!
Best soccer player ever Best robot player ever
ROBOTICSA Brief History of Robotics
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Two famous robots:Puma. (Programmable Universal Machine for Assembly). ‘78.SCARA. (Selective Compliant Articulated Robot Assembly). ‘79.
PUMA SCARA
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ROBOTICSClassification of Robots II AFR
• Type A: Handling Devices with manual control
• Type B: Automatic Handling Devices with predetermined cycles
• Type C: Programmable, servo controlled robots
• Type D: Type C with interactive with the environment
AFR: The Association Française de Robotiquewww.cyberlabzone.com
ROBOTICS
Year: 1250Bishop Albertus Magnus holds banquet at which guestswere served by metal attendants. Upon seeing this, SaintThomas Aquinas smashed the attendants to bits andcalled the bishop a sorcerer.
The Origins of Robots
Year:1640Descartes builds a female automaton which hecalls “Ma fille Francine.” She accompaniedDescartes on a voyage and was thrownoverboard by the captain, who thought she wasthe work of Satan.
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ROBOTICSROBOTICSThe Origins of Robots
Year : 1738Jacques de Vaucanson builds a mechanical duckmade of more that 4,000 parts. The duck couldquack, bathe, drink water, eat grain, digest it andvoid it. Whereabouts of the duck are unknowntoday.
Year: 1805Doll, made by Maillardet, that wrote in eitherFrench or English and could draw landscapes.
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ROBOTICSROBOTICSThe Origins of Robots
Year:1940Sparko, the Westinghouse dog, usesboth mechanical and electricalcomponents
Year:1960Industrial Robots created. Robotic Industries Association states that an“industrial robot is a re-programmable, multifunctional manipulatordesigned to move materials, parts, tools, or specialized devices throughvariable programmed motions to perform a variety of tasks.
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ROBOTICSROBOTICSThe Origins of Robots
Year:1960Shakey is made at Stanford Research InstituteInternational. It contained a television camera,range finder, on-board logic, bump sensors,camera control unit, and an antenna for a radiolink. Shakey was controlled by a computer in adifferent room.
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ROBOTICSROBOTICSCombining these fields we can create a system that can
SENCE
PLAN
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ROBOTICSROBOTICSIn this Presentation we will study many aspects of robotics.
1. General Robot Structures2. General Definitions3. Sensors and Sensor Planning4. Actuators5. Vision6. Artificial Intelligence7. Motion Planning8. Mobile Robot9. Forward Kinematics10. Inverse Kinematics
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ROBOTICSROBOTICSGeneral Robot Structures
An Robot normally constitutes of:– A sequence of mechanical bodies called LINKS.– Prismatic or revolute JOINTS connecting links.– ACTUATORS to move these joints.– SENSORS
• To measure status of robot• To measure status of environment
– A programmable CONTROL system.– A SUPERVISION system.
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ROBOTICSROBOTICSGeneral Definition Robot
Look at a Venn diagram of Mechanical Electrical HardwareSoftwareControl Systems.
Robotics is theoverlapping area at thecenter of the three
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ROBOTICSSensor & Sensor Planning
where should I dig?
where is thetruck?
Sensing Planning Acting
informationabout theenvironment
actionon the
environment
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ROBOTICSROBOTICSWhat is Sensing ?
• Collect information about the world
• Sensor - an electrical/mechanical/chemical device that maps an environmental attribute to a quantitative measurement– attribute mixtures - often no one to one map– hidden state in environment
• Each sensor is based on a transduction principle - conversion of energy from one form to another
• Also known as transducers
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ROBOTICSROBOTICSTypes Of Sensor
• Active– send signal into environment and measure
interaction of signal w/ environment– e.g. radar, sonar
• Passive– record signals already present in environment– e.g. video cameras
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Where is the face?
Sensing for specific tasks
ROBOTICSROBOTICS
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Actuator Is An
• A mechanical device for moving or controlling something
• Electric Motors and Drives
• Hydraulic Drives
• Pneumatic Drives
• Internal Combustion hybrids
Electro-hydraulic System Example
Hydraulic Cylinder Actuators
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ROBOTICSROBOTICSRobot vision in social settings
• Humans (and robots) recover information about objects from the light they reflect
• Human head and eye movements give clues to attention and motivation
• In a social context, people constantly read each other’s actions for these clues
• Anthropomorphic robots can partake in this implicit communication, giving smooth and intuitive interaction
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ROBOTICSROBOTICSArtificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence is the study of thecomputations that make it possible toperceive, reason, and act.”
Ability to think and learn. The ability tolearn facts and skills and apply them,especially when this ability is highlydeveloped.
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Motion Planning
ROBOTICSROBOTICS
• Motion planning is aimed at enabling robots with thecapabilities of automatically deciding and executing asequence of motions in order to achieve a taskwithout collision with other objects in a givenenvironment.
• Basic Problem: Static obstacles
• Extended Problems: Moving obstacles, Multiplerobots, Dynamic Constraints, Planning withuncertainties, and etc.
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Areas involve Robot Motion planning• Mars ExplorationRovers:– Robot geologists– Vision System• 2 panoramic cams• 2 navigation cams• 4 hazard avoidancecams– Brain: laptop computerinside the RoversElectronics Module
ROBOTICS
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Mobile Robot
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• “Mobile” means not stay-put at one place• Mobile + Robot = Robot that is not stay-put at one
place….thus Mobile Robot can move around in much larger workspace, seeing, touching, transporting, manipulating things in various location
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ROBOTICSMobile Robot Applications
Construction
Security
Personal affair
Material Handling
Entertainment
Landmines detectionwww.cyberlabzone.com
ROBOTICSManipulator kinematics
Type of joints• Frame assignments
• Link connection description
• Link transformations
• Actuator space
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What do we mean by “Intelligence”?
• Open question: where intelligence beginsand ends
• Intelligence (our working definition):the ability to improve an animal or human’slikelihood of survival within the real world,and, where appropriate, to compete orcooperate successfully with other agents todo so.
ROBOTICS
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Summary of Robot Behavior • Presence of stimulus is necessary, but notsufficient, to evoke a motor response. Only whenstimulus exceeds a threshold does it produce aresponse. • A strength multiplier, or gain g, can be used toturn off behaviors or alter the response’s relativestrength. • Responses are encoded in two forms:
– –Discrete encoding: Rule-based methods often used– –Continuous functional encoding: inverse square law often used
ROBOTICS
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Advantages of Robots
• Robotics and automation can, in many situation, increaseproductivity, safety, efficiency, quality, and consistency ofproducts• Robots can work in hazardous environments• Robots need no environmental comfort• Robots work continuously without any humanity needsand illnesses• Robots have reputable precision at all times• Robots can be much more accurate than humans, they mayhave mile or micro inch accuracy.• Robots and their sensors can have capabilities beyond thatof humans• Robots can process multiple stimuli or taskssimultaneously, humans can only one.• Robots replace human workers who can create economicproblems
ROBOTICS
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Disadvantages of Robots• Robots lack capability to respond in emergencies, this can cause:
– Inappropriate and wrong responses– A lack of decision-making power– A loss of power– Damage to the robot and other devices– Human injuries
• Robots may have limited capabilities in– Degrees of Freedom– Dexterity– Sensors– Vision systems– Real-time Response
• Robots are costly, due to– Initial cost of equipment– Installation Costs– Need for peripherals– Need for training– Need for Programming
ROBOTICS
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Possible Robot Coordinate Frames
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New Directions
• Entertainment / social robots
• Humanoid robots
• Swarm / distributed robots
• New robot locomotion mechanisms
• Application-specific robotics
• Medical robots
• Telemedicine
ROBOTICS
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Discussion of Ethics and Philosophy in Robotics
•Can robots become conscious?
•Is there a problem with using robots in militaryapplications?
•How can we ensure that robots do not harmpeople?
ROBOTICS
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Thank You
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