What is Science?Chapter 1

Lesson 1.1 What is Science?

What are the main branches of science?

A system of ________________________________ ____________________________________________

Science

Technology is the __________________________ ____________________________________________

Are interdependent. How is life different now than it was in the

late 1800s?

Science and Technology

Natural science◦ Physical Science -

_________________________________◦ ________________- application of physics and

chemistry to the study of the Earth.◦ Space Science - study of universe beyond

_________◦ Life Science -

____________________________(Biology).

Branches of Science

Is the study of the muscle movements in the human body an example of biology or physics?

Space and Time Matter and Change Forces and Motion Energy

Physical Science

The BIG Ideas of Physical Science The Universe is ____________________________

meters in diameter.◦ The same as: 700,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 beach balls.

There are two characteristics of matter:◦ ____________________◦ ____________________

The basic building block of matter is the __________________

The BIG Ideas of Physical Science _____________causes a change in motion.

◦ Something still-start to move◦ Something moving-change direction

Two types of energy:◦ Kinetic-__________________________________________◦ Potential-________________________________________

True or False? The scientific facts of today will not change

in the future.

Lesson 1.2Using a Scientific

Approach

Scientific Method An organized plan for ______________________

____________________________________________ The goal is to solve a problem or to better

understand an observed event.◦ How can you test if running in the rain keeps you

drier than walking in the rain over the same distance?

Making Observations A scientific

investigation often begins with making observations.

Observation – _________ ______________________________________________◦ How does your speed

affect how wet you get when you are caught in the rain?

Hypothesis ____________________________________________ If…then…statement. If I run faster in the rain, then I won’t get as

wet.

Testing a Hypothesis Experiments –

______________________________ ____________________________________________

Manipulated variable – ______________________ ____________________________________________◦ The speed with which you walk or run.

Responding variable –_______________________ ____________________________________________◦ The amount of water you accumulate.

_______________________– only one variable, the manipulated, is deliberately changed at a time. All other variables kept constant.

Drawing Conclusions Does your data support the hypothesis?

◦ Walking Scientist – 217 grams of water.◦ Running Scientist – 130 grams of water.

Scientific evidence supports our earlier hypothesis.

What happens if the hypothesis was not supported?◦ __________________________________________________◦ New experiment must be performed.

Developing a Theory Can a theory be developed after one

experiment? Scientific theory –

___________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________

Theories are never ______________, they only become stronger with evidence.◦ Earth is flat, Earth is round, Earth is spherical.

Scientific Laws A statement

___________ _____________________________________________________________________

Describes an observed pattern in nature without attempting to explain it.◦ Ex: Law of Gravity

Scientific Models Make it easier to

understand things that might be too difficult to _______________________

Newer models continually replacing older models.

1.3 Measurement

Scientific Notation - ________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________

300,000,000 = 3.0 X 108

0.00086 = 8.6 X 10-4

Multiplying?◦ _________________the numbers that appear before the

multiplication signs and ______________the exponents. Dividing?

◦ _________________the numbers that appear before the exponential terms and _________________the exponents.

Scientific Notation

SI system

International System of Units

_______________– straight-line distance between two points (meter).

Mass – _____________________________________ ________________________________________(kg).

Volume – __________________________________ ________________________________________(m3).

Density – ratio of an object’s mass to its volume (_______________)◦ Kg/m3

Units

SI Prefixes

Conversions How many grams in

160 mg? 0.160 grams

Precision – _________________________________ ____________________________________________◦ The precision of an answer limited by the least

precise measurement in the calculation.

Accuracy – _________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________

Limits of Measurement

Measured with a ___________________________.

Temperature

1.4 Presenting Scientific Data

Scientists can organize their data by using data tables and graphs.

Data tables – relates two variables – __________________________________________.

Organizing Data

Line Graphs - Showing changes◦ Manipulated – ___________________◦ Responding – ___________________

Figure 21  Plotting the mass of water against the volume of water yields a straight line.

Slope = Rise/RunSteepness of the line

Bar Graphs – _______________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________

Circle Graphs – _____________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________