ITM Universe

ACADAMIC YEAR : 2015-2016BRANCH : MECHANICAL ATopic :SOLAR MOBILE CHARGERUNDER THE GUIDANCE OF:ANIL PARMARGROUP MEMBERS:-

1. YASH CHAUHAN- 1309501190172. RUSHI PANCHAL- 1309501190633. HITARTH PARIKH- 1309501190644. HARSHAL DETROJA -1309501190315. SHREEPAL JAIN- 130950119041

UNIVERSE

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What is Solar power?

Solar power is energy from the sun. "Solar" is the Latin word for "sun" and it's a powerful source of energy. Without it, there will be no life. Solar energy is considered as a serious source of energy for many years because of the vast amounts of energy that is made freely available, if harnessed by modern technology It is renewable!It is considered 'Renewable Energy' because...The technology used to convert the sun's power into electricity does not produce smoke (carbon dioxide and other air pollutants).Tapping the sun's energy does not usually destroy the environment.Unfortunately, the sun does not available in the night, and in some days, clouds and rains and other natural conditions prevent the sun's powerful rays to reach us. This means that it is not always available. This a why we cannot rely on solar energy alone.

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What is Solar cells?• Solar cells are devices that convert light energy directly into electrical

energy. In these cells, there are semiconductors (silicon alloys and other materials). You may have seen small solar cells on calculators or some mobile phones. Larger arrays of solar cells are used to power road signs, and even larger arrays are used to power satellites in orbit around Earth. Solar cells are also called photovoltaic cells or PV devices.

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How solar cell works? Solar (or photovoltaic) cells convert the sun’s energy into electricity. Whether

they’re adorning your calculator or orbiting our planet on satellites, they rely on the photoelectric effect: the ability of matter to emit electrons when a light is shone on it.

Silicon is what is known as a semi-conductor, meaning that it shares some of the properties of metals and some of those of an electrical insulator, making it a key ingredient in solar cells. Let’s take a closer look at what happens when the sun shines onto a solar cell.

Sunlight is composed of miniscule particles called photons, which radiate from the sun. As these hit the silicon atoms of the solar cell, they transfer their energy to loose electrons, knocking them clean off the atoms. The photons could be compared to the white ball in a game of pool, which passes on its energy to the coloured balls it strikes.

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Freeing up electrons is however only half the work of a solar cell: it then needs to herd these stray electrons into an electric current. This involves creating an electrical imbalance within the cell, which acts a bit like a slope down which the electrons will flow in the same direction.

Creating this imbalance is made possible by the internal organisation of silicon. Silicon atoms are arranged together in a tightly bound structure. By squeezing small quantities of other elements into this structure, two different types of silicon are created: n-type, which has spare electrons, and p-type, which is missing electrons, leaving ‘holes’ in their place.

When these two materials are placed side by side inside a solar cell, the n-type silicon’s spare electrons jump over to fill the gaps in the p-type silicon. This means that the n-type silicon becomes positively charged, and the p-type silicon is negatively charged, creating an electric field across the cell. Because silicon is a semi-conductor, it can act like an insulator, maintaining this imbalance.

As the photons smash the electrons off the silicon atoms, this field drives them along in an orderly manner, providing the electric current to power calculators, satellites and everything in between.

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Top 10 global solar panel manufacturers in :

• Yingli (China) – 13 million solar panels• Trina Solar (China) – 10 million solar panels• Canadian Solar (China) – 8 million solar panels• Sharp (Japan) – 8 million solar panels• Jinko Solar (China) – 7 million solar panels• First Solar (USA) – 7 million solar panels• ReneSola (China) – 7 million solar panels• Kyocera (Japan) – 5 million solar panels• JA Solar (China) – 5 million solar panels• Hanwha SolarOne (China) – 5 million solar panels

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List of Solar Panel/ Module Manufacturing Companies in India

Tata Power Solar Lanco Solar Vikram Solar Waaree Solar Moser Baer Indo Solar

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Types of solar cells• Silicon Solar Cells• Monocrystalline Silicon Solar Cells• Polycrystalline Solar Cells• Thin Film Solar Cells• Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells• Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells• Copper Indium Gallium Selenide Solar Cells http://

www.altenergy.org/renewables/solar/common-types-of-solar-cells.html

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What is Solar panels?• Solar panels are different to solar cells. Solar panels do not generate

electricity directly. Instead they heat up water directly. A pump pushes cold water from a storage tank through pipes in the solar panel. The water is heated by heat energy from the Sun and returns to the tank. They are often located on the roofs of buildings where they can receive the most sunlight.

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Type of Solar Panel

http://www.c-changes.com/types-of-solar-panel

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Solar Mobile Charger• Solar cell phone chargers use solar panels to charge cell phone batteries.

They are an alternative to conventional electrical cell phone chargers and in some cases can be plugged into an electrical outlet.

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• Solar mobile charger is a device which can charge mobile phones using solar radiation. Its major component is a compact solar panel. This solar panel traps solar energy and produces an output voltage. But, since the light radiations falling on the solar panel can vary, the output voltage becomes unstable. For charging a mobile phone, stable voltage is required. So, to make the output voltage stable and regulated, we use a voltage regulator circuit along with the solar panel.

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Possible ways to connect solar panel

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Materials required used

o Solar panel o Voltage regulatoro Capacitoro Resistorso Diodeo Transistoro USB female connectoro Connecting wireso Soldering accessories

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Circuit Diagram

Digital Multimeter

• DMM is a measuring instrument• An ammeter measures current• A voltmeter measures the potential

difference (voltage) between two points

• An ohmmeter measures resistance• A multimeter combines these

functions, and possibly some additional ones as well, into a single instrument

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Solar panel (6V)voltage current dimensions max. power weight cost

6v 42mA 60 MM *50MM*3MM 0.3W 12g 250

85mA 60MM*75MM*3MM 0.5W 16.5g 350

125mA 60MM*110MM*3MM 0.75W 26.5g 500

170mA 60MM*150MM*3MM 1W 42g 850

250mA 85MM*150MM*3MM 1.5W 58g 1100

340mA 165MM*100MM*3MM 2W 76g 1300

425mA 120MM*180MM*3MM 2.5W 108g 1450

550mA 120MM*210MM*3MM 3W 122g 1600

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Some important term• A voltage regulator is designed to automatically maintain a

constant voltage level. A voltage regulator may be a simple "feed-forward" design or may include negative feedback control loops. It may use an electromechanical mechanism, or electronic components.

• A capacitor (originally known as a condenser) is a passive two-terminal electrical component used to store electrical energy temporarily in an electric field.

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Voltage regulator IC 7805

Part number Output voltage (V) Minimal input voltage (V)

7805 +5 7.3

7806 +6 8.3

7808 +8 10.5

7810 +10 12.5

7812 +12 14.6

7815 +15 17.7

7818 +18 21.0

7824 +24 27.1

ITM Universe 21A capacitor (originally known as a condenser) is a passive two-terminal electrical component used to store electrical energy temporarily in an electric field.

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TYPE A & B USB CONNECTOR PIN ASSIGNMENTS

PIN WIRE COLOUR SIGNAL NAMES

1 Red4.75 - 5.25 V

2 White Data -

3 Green Data +

4 Black Ground

Shell Drain wire Shield

A universal serial bus (USB) connector is a connector between a computer and a peripheral device such as a printer, monitor, scanner, mouse or keyboard. It is part of the USB interface, which includes types of ports, cables and connectors.

What does USB Connector mean?

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USB Connectors

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Methods to Join wires

• Soldering /Strength: High• Crimping Method/ Strength: High• Hot Glue Method/ Strength: High• Electrical Tape Method/ Strength: Medium• Alligator Clip Method/ Strength: Low

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• Combine solar mobile charger with some other source .

• Probably with wind energy

Future modifications