what is spinal cord injury?what is spinal cord injury? spinal cord: bundle of nerves which run...
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What is Spinal Cord Injury?What is Spinal Cord Injury?
Spinal cord: bundle of nerves which run through the spine
Damages/injuries cause: loss of sensory input & voluntary/involuntary functions
Two Types of spinal cord injuries: Traumatic spinal cord injury Non-traumatic spinal cord injury
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MedicaLook.com, 2013
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ChristopherReeve.org
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Autologous olfactory mucosal cell Autologous olfactory mucosal cell transplants in clinical spinal cord injury: a transplants in clinical spinal cord injury: a
randomized double-blinded trial in a randomized double-blinded trial in a canine translational modelcanine translational model
Nicolas Granger, Helen Blamires, Robin J. M. Franklin and Nick Nicolas Granger, Helen Blamires, Robin J. M. Franklin and Nick D. JefferyD. Jeffery Hypothesis: If olfactory mucosal cells (OMC) are transplanted
into the spine of a canine with spinal cord injury, then there should be improved fore-hind limb coordination/movement
Purpose: To use olfactory mucosal cells as a prospective therapy for spinal cord injuries
Model: Dogs with spinal cord injuries
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Granger et al., 2012
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Measured VariablesMeasured Variables
Dogsforlifex.blogspot.com
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Cell harvest and Cell harvest and cultureculture
Multiple-sclerosis-research.blogspot.com Granger et al., 2012
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Granger et al., 2012
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Granger et al, 2012
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ResultsResults
Significant data from primary measures, but not from secondary measures
Subjects who received mucosal cell transplant regained some fore-hind coordination/movement
Coordination and movement ≠ restoration of brain control
Coordination may be due to enhanced communication across damaged region of spinal cord Implies long tract axon improvement, however data
suggests otherwise
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Hopes for Humans?Hopes for Humans?
Humans with spinal cord injury want the recovery of:1. Arm function
2. Bladder function
3. Sexual function
Olfactory mucosal cell transplant would result in some improvement Should not be the sole treatment
Transplantation is not the safest for humans
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Past StudiesPast Studies
Deshpande et al, 2006
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ReferencesReferences
A.D.A.M inc: Spinal cord & Brain (image): <http://media.sharecare.com/mediaItems/4/c/8/4c844406ef681/adam_central_nervous_system_19588.jpg>
Deshpande, D., Kim, Y., Martinez, T., Carmen, J., Dike, S., Shats, I., & Rubin, L. (2006). Recovery from Paralysis in Adult Rats Using Embryonic Stem Cells. Ann Neurol, 60, 32-44.
DogsForLife: A Dog’s Brain (image) <http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7-Tod7StYyc/TZn2g2GoWvI/AAAAAAAAABo/hKPgwJj04bo/s1600/a+dogs+brain.jpg>
Farlex. “Double-blind study”. Mosby’s Medical Dictionary, 8th Edition. 2009. Elsevier. < http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/double-blind+study>
Farry, A., Baxter, D. (2012), The incidence and prevalence of spinal cord injury in Canada.: overview and estimates based on current evidence. Rick Hansen Institute & Urban Futures.
Granger N., Blamires H., Franklin R.J., Jeffery N.D. (2012). Autologous olfactory mucosal cell transplants in clinical spinal cord injury: a randomized double-blinded trial in a canine translational model. Brain, 11:3227-37. doi: 10.1093/brain/aws268.
Jefferey, N.D., Lakatos, A., and Franklin, R.J.M. (2005). Autologous Olfactory Glial Cell Transplantation is Reliable and Safe in Naturally Occurring Canine Spinal Cord Injury. Journal of Neurotrama, 22: 1282-1293.
Multiple Sclerosis Research: Olfactory Tissue Diagram (image) <http://www.healingtherapies.info/Olftissue4.jpg>