what is the cold war??? growing mistrust between the 2 superpowers: soviet union & the u.s....
TRANSCRIPT
What is the Cold War???
• growing mistrust between the 2 Superpowers: Soviet Union & the U.S. – Iron Curtain (symbolic boundary dividing
Europe into 2)• lasted from the 1920’s – 1990’s• Western Europe & the U.S. vs. Eastern Europe,
China, & the Soviet Union• no actual fighting battles, but lots of tension,
rivalry, & political battles (Domino Theory – one incident led to another)– Soviet blockade of Berlin– Berlin Wall– Bay of Pigs – Cuban Missile Crisis– Truman Doctrine– Korean War– Space Race– Nuclear Arms Race– Capitalism & Democracy (U.S.) VS. Communism (Soviet
Union)
Berlin Blockade
• end of WWII, Germany was split into 4 zones
• France, Britain, & U.S. combined their zones
• U.S.S.R. did not want a democratic govt. situated in middle of East Germany
• U.S.S.R. decided to blockade W. Berlin; in response, British & American planes airlifted supplies into W. Berlin
• soon after… Berlin wall built
President Truman• wanted to prevent the further
expansion of communism in Europe• Truman Doctrine – U.S. would
dedicate economic aid to help foreign countries fight communism
• COMMUNISM – favoring equal distribution of wealth & the end of all private property
• Marshall Plan – gave financial aid to European allies to rebuild their countries after WWII– $13 billion between 1948 – 1952– offered Soviet Union, but they
refused• the Fair Deal – reform programs
after WWII
The Fair Deal
• it was intended to bring full employment & a higher minimum wage for Americans
• it called for more affordable housing, expanded Social Security benefits, & aid for farmers
• it also dealt with civil rights – calling for an end to lynching & discrimination & for voter protection laws
• it funded domestic improvements– building highways– GI bill $$$
Korean War
•2 Koreas (Northern – communists & Southern – controlled by the U.N.)•North Korea (trained by Soviets) invaded South Korea in order to spread communism; Truman sent troops immediately over•Chinese (communists) helped N. Korea vs. U.S. (democracy) helped S. Korea; the U.N. voted to use military force in Korea•Election of 1952 – Republican President, Eisenhower (former WWII general) won! war changes•The U.S. never declared war in Korea
IKE (Eisenhower)• Eisenhower Doctrine -
Threatened the use of atomic weapons in Korea 2 sides signed a peace treaty soon after
• To this day… 2 sides (North & South)… tensions still exist… U.S. forces still there
• “New Look” in U.S. foreign policy massive retaliation – the use of nuclear
weapons to fight communist attack
TrumanIke
What is Communism?• a type of socialism;
establishes a classless nation based upon common ownership of the means of production
• Karl Marx – German ideologist; the Communist Manifesto (1848)– the “Father of
Communism” – thought capitalism would end
– working class should revolt against middle class
– years later the Marxist Bolsheviks took over Russia & started the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (leader – Vladimir Lenin)
The Red Scare
•fear of communism (the Communist party exists in the U.S. & its spreading all over eastern Europe & Asia)•HUAC, govt. agency, investigates American people’s involvement in communism•blacklisting – refusing to hire because a person may be communist•Hollywood investigated & up in arms•Internal Security Act – required organizations thought to be communist to register with the govt. & allowed govt. the right to arrest people suspected of communism
McCarthy
• a Senator who began a campaign to expose Communists in the U.S.
• he accused people of being communists without adequate proof & exploited the fear of communism McCarthyism
• people scared of proving him wrong, for fear that he would called them a communist
• he then went after communism in the military… that pushed it too far
• McCarthy then voted out of office by Congress
Nuclear Arms Race
• who would have the most WMD’s???– SALT – Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
• from atomic bomb to hydrogen bomb (more powerful)
• U.S. not the only one with this technology (Soviet Union has it too)
• Families built underground bomb shelters to escape radiation
• children practiced “duck & cover” drills at schools
Space Race
•Sputnik – Soviet satellite sent into space; Americans worried that the Soviets were beating the U.S. technologically in the Cold War•in response, the U.S. created NASA (National Aeronautics & Space Administration) & funded/pushed more math, science, & foreign language in education•Eisenhower created it, JF Kennedy made it what it is today
the Bay of Pigs• 1959, Fidel Castro, Cuba vs.
Kennedy, U.S.• Castro established a
communist dictatorship in Cuba & an alliance with the Soviet Union
• Cuba very close to U.S. scared Americans
• Kennedy/Ike’s plan – CIA trained Cuban exiles to invade island on the Bay of Pigs
• Castro attacked back, invasion turned into a disaster
• FAILED!!!
The Cuban Missile Crisis
The Cuban Missile Crisis
•Soviets installing nuclear missiles in Cuba (could hit U.S.)
•U.S. navy then surrounded Cuba to prevent & block Soviet ships from bringing in more missiles
• Soviet ships then approached the U.S. blockade… time stood still… Soviet ships turned back
• Compromise: Soviets removed missiles, U.S. not invade Cuba, & create a “hotline” (the red phone between 2 superpowers)– Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty –
created by Kennedy & Soviet leader, Khrushchev, ended testing of nuclear weapons above ground
The Berlin Wall• after WWII, the Allies
divided Berlin in 2 (West – U.S. & East Berlin – Soviet Union)
• East Berliners began crossing into West Berlin… this alarmed the Communists Berlin Wall (built by Soviets) attempt to stop border crossing– stood for decades as a
symbol of the Cold War
Vietnam Conflict
• war fought between communist Democratic Republic of Vietnam (N. Vietnam) & Republic of Vietnam (S. Vietnam)
• U.S. sided with S. Vietnam• Communist allies sided with
N. Vietnam• N. Vietnam wanted
independence from French colonialism
War Powers Act 1973
• Because of Korea & Vietnam, this fed. law is created
• President cannot send troops (unless under attack) to war; only Congress has that power
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