what is the suborder, wlam canis lupus canis rufus canis ... · the laboratory dog wlam may 15,...

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1 The Laboratory Dog WLAM May 15, 2020 Presented by Kyha Williams, DVM, DACLAM Assistant Director, Deputy Chief of Clinical Services, DLAR Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC What is the order, suborder, genus, and species of the domesticated dog? A. Carnivora, Caniformia, Canidae, Canis lupus B. Carnivora, Arctoidea, Canidae, Canis rufus C. Carnivora, Caniformia, Felidae, Canis latrans D. Carnivora, Caniformia, Canidae, Canis familiaris Arctoidea is the superfamily Canis rufus is the red wolf, Canis lupus is the gray wolf, Canis latrans if the coyote What is the most common breed of dog used in research (per the BB)? A. Hound B. Golden Retriever C. Labrador Retriever D. Beagle Which dogs are not bred specifically for use in research? A. Purpose bred B. Stray dogs from shelters C. Random source D. Conditioned dogs Two categories for Purpose bred and Random source: Random include shelters, random that have been vaccinated in preparation for use in research are Conditioned (test for heartworm, vaccinate in preparation for research use) outdated given NIH mandate to use purpose bred dogs Number of dogs in research declining, 211,104 in 1979, 75,429 in 1997, 64,930 in 2010 Dealers that purchase the dogs from other individuals and then resell them to research facilities are known as? Class A licensees Class B licensees Class C licensees Class D licensees Class BDefined by USDA (CFR)AWA and AWR, Title 9, Chapter 1m Subchapter A, Subpart A sections 1.1 and 2.1 definitions (pg 20) Class Abreeders that raise all animals on their premises from a closed colony No class C or D dealer Breeders who raise all animals on their premises from a closed colony (suppliers of purpose bred dogs) are? Class A licensees Class B licensees Class C licensees Class D licensees Class ADefined by USDA (CFR)AWA and AWR, Title 9, Chapter 1m Subchapter A, sections 1.1 and 2.1 definitions (pg 20) Class Cexhibitorbusiness involves showing or displaying animals to the public

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Page 1: What is the suborder, WLAM Canis lupus Canis rufus Canis ... · The Laboratory Dog WLAM May 15, 2020 Presented by Kyha Williams, DVM, DACLAM Assistant Director, Deputy Chief of Clinical

1

The Laboratory DogWLAM

May 15, 2020

Presented by Kyha Williams, DVM, DACLAM

Assistant Director, Deputy Chief of Clinical Services, DLARDuke University Medical Center

Durham, NC

What is the order, suborder, genus, and species of the domesticated dog?

A. Carnivora, Caniformia, Canidae, Canis lupus

B. Carnivora, Arctoidea, Canidae, Canis rufus

C. Carnivora, Caniformia, Felidae, Canis latrans

D. Carnivora, Caniformia, Canidae, Canisfamiliaris

Arctoidea is the superfamilyCanis rufus is the red wolf, Canis lupus is the gray wolf, Canis latrans if the coyote

What is the most common breed of dog used in research (per the BB)?

A. Hound

B. Golden Retriever

C. Labrador Retriever

D. Beagle

Which dogs are not bred specifically for use in research?

A. Purpose bred

B. Stray dogs from shelters

C. Random source

D. Conditioned dogs

Two categories for Purpose bred and Random source:Random include shelters, random that have been vaccinated in preparation for use in research are Conditioned (test for heartworm, vaccinate in preparation for research use)outdated given NIH mandate to use purpose bred dogsNumber of dogs in research declining, 211,104 in 1979, 75,429 in 1997, 64,930 in 2010

Dealers that purchase the dogs from other individuals and then resell them to research facilities are known as?

• Class A licensees

• Class B licensees

• Class C licensees

• Class D licensees

Class B‐Defined by USDA (CFR)‐AWA and AWR, Title 9, Chapter 1m Subchapter A, Subpart A sections 1.1 and 2.1 definitions (pg 20)Class A‐breeders that raise all animals on their premises from a closed colonyNo class C or D dealer

Breeders who raise all animals on their premises from a closed colony (suppliers of purpose bred 

dogs) are?

• Class A licensees

• Class B licensees

• Class C licensees

• Class D licensees

Class A‐Defined by USDA (CFR)‐AWA and AWR, Title 9, Chapter 1m Subchapter A, sections 1.1 and 2.1 definitions (pg 20)Class C‐exhibitor‐business involves showing or displaying animals to the public

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Which of the following is correct regarding space requirements according to the AWA for this dog that 

measures 20 inches?

A. 6.76 square feet

B. 676 square inches

C. 52 square feet

D. 4.69 square inches

AWA, section 3.6, pg. 61, Bonus: how much space is required for group housed dogs? At least 100 percent of the space for each dogMeasure from the tip of the nose to the base of the tail(Length of the dog in in inches +6) x (length of the dog in inches +6) = required floor space in square inches/144=required floor space in square feetWatch units!Housing requirement differs for dogs because it is based on length rather than body weight

The formula

Measure from the tip of the nose to the base of the tail

(Length of the dog in in inches +6) x (length of the dog in inches +6) = required floor space in square inches/144=required floor space in square feet

Fill in the blank…

• Most commercial dog diets are “closed formula” diets in which:

– The labeled specific _____________ requirements for protein and fat and the __________ values for ash and fiber are met.

– These diets do not necessarily provide the _______composition of ingredients from batch to batch and varies depending on the _______of the ingredients

Minimum; maximumIdentical;cost

Fill in the blank…

• An “open formula” or “_____formula” diet provides more precise dietary control.

– In these diets, the ingredients are_________ and the percentage of each ingredient is kept _________from batch to batch.

Fixed;specified;constant

Which type of diet provides for the strictest control of the ingredients?

• Purified

• Semi‐purified

• Irradiated

• Prescription diets

Semi‐purified diets are formulated from the purified components:amino acids, lipids, carbs, vitamins, and minerals

Diets are generally safe for how long following the manufacture date when stored at room 

temperature?

• 30 days

• 3 months

• 6 months

• 9 months

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Recommendations for feeding the appropriate amount of diet are determined by the dog’s?

A. Basal metabolic rate

B. Basal energy requirement

C. Maintenance energy requirement

D. Metabolic requirements

BMR and BER are the same‐refers to the amount of energy expended following sleep, 12‐18 hours after food consumption and during thermoneutral conditionsMER‐amount of energy used by a moderately active adulst animal in a thermoneutral environment, which in the dog is approx. 2 times the BERMER=2(30 weight in kg +70)‐see BB pg 398 for formula

All of the following are fat soluble vitamins except?

A. Vitamin A

B. Vitamin B12

C. Vitamin D

D. Vitamin E

A,D,E, and KFat provides 3 major dietary functions: vitamins, palatability, and essential (unsaturated) fatty acids

Which of the following do dogs require?

A. Linolenic

B. Arachidonic acid

C. Linoleic

D. Eicosanoids

Dogs have a unique requirement for polyunstaurated fatty acids and linoleic acid (omega 6) an essential fatty acidFatty acids (especially omega 3) may alleviate allergy related dermatoses and hot spotsDogs can’t synthesize 10/22 amino acids in sufficient quantities and must be included in the dietDeficiency may occur in dogs fed dry, low fat diets that are stored too long in dry, humid conditions

Which of the following best describes the estrous cycle of the female?

A. Polyestrous‐ non seasonal

B. Polyestrous‐seasonal

C. Monoestrous‐ seasonal

D. Monoestrous‐ nonseasonal

Estrus generally in Jan/Feb and July/August (although this is highly variable)Behavior shown in photo‐canine flagging‐facilitates penetrationDay 1,3,5 of standing heat

A vaginal cytology consists of exclusively noncornified epithelial cells with neutrophils.

This is most consistent with:

A. Proestrus

B. Estrus

C. Diestrus

D. AnestrusProestrus‐intermediate and superficial cells, RBCs, neutrophils; later superficial cells, anuclear squames and RBCsEstrus‐more than 50% intermediate cells, superficial, with or without RBCsDiestrus‐more than 50% intermedical, super, squamesearly, non cornifiedAnestrus‐Small numbers of parabasal cells, intermedicate, with or without neutrophils

Which of the following pituitary hormones is responsible for spermatogenesis:

A. Oxytocin

B. FSH

C. LH

D. ACTH

LH‐stimulates testosterone, male puberty 5‐12 months

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What is the gestation length of the dog?

A. 30‐33 d

B. 59‐63d

C. 150‐155d

D. 270‐280d

BB, p. 519

What type of placentation does the dog have?

A. Epitheliochorial, zonary, deciduate

B. Endotheliochorial, zonary, deciduate

C. Labyrinthine hemomonochorionic

D. Epitheliochorial & cotyledonary

Endothelium of the uerine vessels lies adjacent to the fetal chorion mesenchymal, and endothelial tieeues so that maternal and fetal blood are spearated by 4 layersPlacenta villa are arranged in a belt and that maernal deciduate cells are shed with fetal placentas at parturition

Which of the following accessory sex glands do male dogs have?

A. Prostate gland & seminal vesicles

B. Prostate gland & bulbourethral glands

C. Ampullary glands & seminal vesicles

D. Ampullary glands & prostate gland

No seminal vesicles or bulbourethral glandsErection is parasympathetic and ejaculation is sympathetic

What is the length of spermatogenesis in dogs?

A. 15d

B. 30d

C. 45d

D. 60d

Positive correlations with testicular size as measured by scrotal circumference and the number of sperm produced.  Good indicator of normal fertility of make dogs is 5ml ejaculate/approx 500million progressively motile sperm without significant abnormal morphology

When do puppies eyes open?

A. 3d

B. 6d

C. 9d

D. 12d

When do puppies ears open?

A. 5‐7d

B. 7‐12d

C. 12‐20d

D. 21‐28d

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Ultrasound and radiography can be used to confirm pregnancy at ____ and ____ days of 

gestation respectively.

A. 28, 42

B. 32, 45

C. 21, 37

D. 15, 22

One of the most sensitive indicators of impending parturition is:

A. A rise in core body temperature

B. Increased food consumption

C. A decrease in core body temperature 

D. Marked inactivity

Name the phenomenon associated with a release in oxytocin as the result of the fetal puppy stimulating the cervix of the female.

A. Johnson reflex

B. Williamson reflex

C. Ferguson reflex

D. Mapleton reflex

Pseudopregnancy is the result of:

A. A rise in estrogen

B. A rise in progesterone

C. A decline in estrogen

D. A decline in progesterone

According to the AWA, how often must the exercise exemption be reviewed for this dog? Who should review it?

A. Quarterly, the IACUC

B. Every 30 days, the Attending Veterinarian

C. Every 30 days, the IACUC

D. Annually, the Attending Veterinarian

Section 3.8, pg 63

Infectious Diseases

• Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease (Kennel Cough Complex and Infectious Tracheobronchitis)

• Group C StreptococcusInfection

• Leptospirosis • Campylobacteriosis• Helicobacteriosis

• Canine Parvovirus • Rabies• Protozoa • Nematodes• Cestodes• Mites (Demodex, Scabies)• Ticks and Fleas• Superficial 

Dermatophytosis(Ringworm)

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What are the two most common clinical isolates of Canine infectious respiratory disease? 

A. Canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV)

B. Canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV‐2)

C. Mycoplasma

D. Bordatella brochiseptica

A dog that presented with sudden onset of coughing, dyspnea, fever, and hematemesis and has “bull’s eye” lesions on the pleural surface noted on necropsy.  What is the diagnosis?

A. Klebsiella pneumonia

B. Pasteurella multocida

C. Canine influenza virus

D. Streptococcus equi ssp. Zooepidemicus(Group C Step)

A dog presents with vomiting, diarrhea, pica, and polyphagia and was diagnosed with Helicobacter spp.  Surgical biopsy was 

obtained.  What stain increases the sensitivity for histopathologic diagnosis? 

A. New methylene blue

B. Giemsa stain

C. Warthin‐Starry silver stain

D. Oil Red O

Which of the following non‐enveloped, single‐stranded DNA viruses causes acute enteritis, vomiting, 

depression, and lethargy particularly in puppies?

A. Salmonella 

B. Canine parvovirus strain‐2 (CPV‐2)

C. Alphacoronavirus 1

D. Clostridium perfringens

On histopathology, a dog that presented with paralysis and ascending ataxia demonstrated Negri bodies on the hippocampal 

cells.  This dog was infected with a virus from which family?

A. Reoviridae

B. Flaviviridae

C. Rhabdoviridae

D. Caliciviridae Reoviruses‐insects/plants; flavi‐dengue virus, hep C, Zika; Calici‐murine norovirus, rabbit hemorrhagic virus, feline calicivirus 

According to the Blue book, what is the most common hookworm in dogs?

A. Toxocara canis

B. Ancylostoma caninum

C. Diplydium caninum

D. Trichuris vulpis

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The most common flea that infects dogs is which of the following?

A. Ctenocephalides felis felis• Cat flea (most common in dog)

B. Xenopsylla cheopis• Oreintal rat flea

C. Pulex irritans• Human (and pig)

D. Spilopsyllus cuniculi • Rabbit flea

Metabolic and Nutritional Diseases

• Hypothyroidism  • Obesity

Obesity by blue book definition is 20‐25 % over the ideal 

Traumatic disorders and 

Iatrogenic diseases

• Traumatic wounds

• Pressure sores 

• Acral lick granuloma

• Elbow hygroma

• Corneal ulcers

• Implant and catheter infection

• Sepsis

• Aspiration lung injury

• Burn wounds

– Thermal

– Chemical

– Radiation 

Types of wounds BB p. 533

Neoplastic and other miscellaneous conditions 

• Lymphomas 

• Mast cell tumors

• Canine transmissible venereal tumors

• Mammary Gland tumors

• Congenital disorders– Brachyury

– Spina bifida

– Cleft palate

– Cataracts

– Cryptorchidism 

• Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

• Juvenile Polyarthritis Syndrome

• Interdigital Cysts

• Hyperplasia of the gland of the nictitating membrane “Cherry eye”

Neoplastic proliferations of cells derived from CD34+ bone marrow progenitor cells cause which most commonly observed skin tumor of the dog?

A. Lymphoma

B. Transmissable Venereal Tumors

C. Mast Cell Tumors

D. Mammary gland tumors

Canine Models

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Which of the following is correct?

A. Gray collies‐ Duchenne muscular dystrophy

B. Kerry Blue terriers‐ cyclic hematopoiesis

C. Doberman pinschers‐ von Willebrand’sdisease

D. Golden retrievers‐Wilson’s disease

Which of the following  is the most common canine model for Wilson’s disease?

A. English Springer Spaniel

B. Samoyed

C. Fox Terrier

D. Bedlington Terrier

What is Wilson’s disease‐copper storage/toxicosis (how inherited?‐autosomal recessive)Other models‐White perch‐Meriones americana, rat‐Long Evans cinnamon, Dorcet sheepRubeanic acid‐copperEnglish Springer ‐Ehlers Danlos syndromeSamoyed‐Hereditary nephritisFox Terrier‐Cholersterol Ester Storage Disease (Wolman’s Disease)

Globoid cell leukodystrophy has been reported in which of the following breeds?

A. German shepherds

B. Basenji‐Greyhound cross

C. West highland white terrier

D. Basenji‐Spaniel cross

German Shepard‐SIDSBasenji‐greyhound cross‐AsthmaBasenji‐spaniel cross‐Food allergy

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (dystrophindeficiency) is associated with which of the 

following?

A. Labrador retrievers

B. Golden retrievers

C. English Springer spaniels

D. Brittany spaniels

Limb girdle muscular dystrophy (type II fiber deficiency) is associated with which of the 

following?

A. Labrador retrievers

B. Golden retrievers

C. English Springer spaniels

D. Brittany spaniels

Brittany spaniel‐C3 Deficiency, ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis)

Hemophilia A has been found in which of the following breeds?

A. Cairn Terrier/beagle cross

B. German shepherd

C. Alaskan malamute

D. Irish setter

Cairn/beagle‐Hemophilia BGerman shepherd‐SIDSMalamute‐Achondroplasia (dwarf), hemolytic anemia, hereditary stomatocytosis

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GM2 Ganliosidosis has been reported in which of the following breeds?

A. Golden retrievers

B. Labrador retrievers

C. Alaskan malamute

D. German shorthair pointer

MD –see previous slidesMalamute‐see previous slide

Von willebrand’s disease has been reported in all but which of the following?

A. Weimaraner

B. Miniature schnauzer

C. Scottish terriers

D. Doberman pinschers

Weimaraner is the model for Spinal Dysraphism‐incomplete closure of the primary neural tube or syringomyelia‐spinal cord and associated cavities filled with fluid.  Mutant gene

Pyruvate kinase deficiency is associated with which 2breeds?

A. Basenji & beagle

B. Beagle & poodle

C. Labradors & poodle

D. Basenji & Brittany spaniel

See previous slides for othersPK deficiency‐exercise intolerance, retarded growth, pale mucous membranes, tachycardia, Type II anemia (fibrosis and sclerosis in dogs not humans)Poodle mixed breeds‐autosomal dominant trait‐hereditary lymphedema (Milroy’s disease)‐hypoplastic lymph nodes, primarily hind limb

Early onset‐ insulin dependent diabetes mellitus has been reported in which of the following?

A. Curly coated retriever

B. Malteagle/hound cross

C. Keeshond

D. Bedlington terriers

Curly coated retriever‐GSDIIIMalteagle/hound‐GSDIaAlready discussed others

Fuscoidosis & phosphofructokinase deficiency have been reported in which of the following?

A. Brittany spaniel

B. English Springer spaniel

C. Wheaton terrier

D. Fox terrier

Neurovisceral storage disease, males infertile, females poor mothers

Which of the following is a model of primary open angle glaucoma?

A. Miniature schnauzers

B. Keeshond

C. Beagles

D. Boxers

Schnauzers‐struvite crystalsKeeshound‐Type I DMBoxers‐Skeletal osteosarcoma

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Which of the following can be used to induce gingival hyperplasia in beagles?

A. Imminodipropionitrile

B. Oxodipine

C. Methacholine

D. Histamine

Calcium channel blocker‐90 days‐known side effect of humans on this therapy

Which of the following is a model of hereditary nephritis?

A. Collies

B. Shetland sheep dogs

C. Samoyeds

D. Coonhounds

Collies and Shelties‐Dermatomyositis‐increased IgG, vesicles, pustules, ulcers of the lips, ears, tip of tail, over bony protruberancesCoonhound‐Guillain‐Barre Syndrome‐idiopathic polyneuritis (Coonhound paralysis)

Acknowledgements

Some of the information included in this talk was prepared using archived board study materials, special thanks to all contributors

I would also like to thank Google images for all pictures 

no copyright infringement intended