FORMATION OF SOILS

What is this map showing?

What are the trends in global forest production?What are the advantages of plantations over wild harvesting of forest products?What are the differences in consumption of forest products in different societies?What are the sources of UK timber and timber products?

2What are the advantages of plantations over wild harvesting of forest products?

Natural woodlandPlantationIrregular shape & tree density variesEdges are straight lines, even, high tree densityMulti-speciesMonocultureTrees of all agesTrees all same ageVariable light levelsLow light levels once canopy has closedContains open areasNo open areasNative speciesMay consist entirely of exotic speciesAccessibleInaccessibleHigh wildlife valueLow wildlife value

TASKWhy do harvest from wild communities produce lower yields than from plantations?Outline 3 reasonsFor timber and paper, tress are often grown in plantationsAnswers fewer productive plants more competitors no genetic selectionPlantations have a simpler ecological structure than natural forests. Explain the following 4 differences.

Species diversity

Age structure

Stratification

Interspecies relationshipsAnswersPlantations have a simpler ecological structure than natural forests. Explain the following 4 differences.

Species diversity- small range of species selected for economic productivity

Age structure - large areas often planted at the same time

Stratification - fewer vegetation layers due to low species diversity and simple age structure

Interspecies relationships - Tree species are oftenexotic and don't support indigenous wildlife

Wood and Paper Imports2. What are the differences in consumption of forest products in different societies?

TASKWhat are the key differences in forest product consumption between LEDCs and MEDCsForest production

Consumption of forest products in MEDCs and LEDCsMEDCs: import huge volumes of hardwood as roundwood (tree stems) and then convert them into high value products e.g. furniture They also import softwood for paper making

LEDCs: export roundwood and import more expensive, finished products.

But as LEDCs develop, they are improving their capacity to manufacture and then export high-value goods

Huge volumes of wood are used as fuelwood in LEDCs

ImportsThe UK imports over 50 million tonnes of wood and wood products annually Research Q: Why are we importing at the same time as exporting?197119761981198619911996200120065040302010060Millions of m3YearUK importsUK exports9Country

% of land forested

Finland

72

Sweden

65

Russian federation

50

Latvia

47

Estonia

48

Austria

47

Portugal

40

Italy

34

Germany

30

Switzerland

30

Norway

29

Greece

28

France

27

Spain

27

UK

11

Ireland

9

Forest CoverHow does our forest cover compare with other countries?

103. What are the sources of UK timber and timber products?

TASK. Display the following data on UK timber graphically.Imported wood and wood products (85% of total consumption) 45% pulp and paper 40% sawn wood 15% wood panelsUK production (15% of total consumption) 95% softwood 40% for paper 30% wood panels 25% sawn wood5% hardwood 3% fuel 2% sawn woodIdeasDivided bars