what manner of man is the prophet

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What Manner of Man is the Prophet? Sensitivity to Evil What manner of man is the prophet? A student of philosophy who turns from the discourses of the great metaphysicians to the orations of the prophets may feel as if he is going from the realm of the sublime to an area of trivialities. Instead of dealing with the timeless issues of being and becoming, of matter and form, of definitions and demonstrations, he is thrown into orations about widows and orphans, about the corruption of judges and affairs of the market place. Instead of showing us the way through the elegant mansions, the prophets takes us to the slums. The world is a proud place, full of beauty, but the prophets are scandalized, and raved as if the whole world were a slum. They make much ado about paltry things, lavishing excessive language upon trifling subjects. What if somewhere in ancient Palestine poor people have not been treated properly by the rich? So what if some old women found pleasureand edification in worshipping the “Queen of Heavens”? Why such immoderate excitement? Why such intense indignation? The things that horrified the prophets are even now daily occurrences all over the world. There is no society in which Amos’ words would not apply. Hear this, you who trample the needy, And bring the poor of the land to an end, Saying: When will the new moon be over That we may sell grain? And the Sabbath, that we may offer wheat for sale, That we may make the ephah small and the shekel great, And deal deceitfully with false balances, That we may buy the poor for silver, And the needy for a pair of sandals, And sell the refuse of the wheat? Indeed, the sort of crimes and even the amount of delinquency that fills the prophets of Israel with dismay do not go beyond that which we regard as normal, as typical ingredients of social dynamics. To us, a single act of injustice – cheating in business, exploitation of the poor – is slight; to the prophets a disaster. To us injustice is injurious to the welfare of the people; to the prophets it is a deathblow to existence: to us an episode; to them a catastrophe, a threat to the world. Their breathless impatience for injustice may strike us as hysteria. We ourselves witness continually acts of injustice, manifestations of hypocrisy, falsehood, outrage, misery, but we rarely grow indignant or overly excited. To the prophet, even a minor injustice assumes cosmic proportions. They speak and act as if the sky were about to collapse because Israel has become unfaithful to God. Is not the vastness of their indignation and the vastness of God’s anger in disproportion to its cause? How should one explain such moral and religious excitability, such extreme impetuosity? It seems incongruous and absurd that because of some minor acts of injustice inflicted on the insignificant, powerless poor, the glorious city of Jerusalem should be destroyed and the whole nation go to exile. Did not the prophet magnify the guilt?

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Excerpts from Heschel's book The Prophets

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Page 1: What Manner of Man is the Prophet

What Manner of Man is the Prophet? 

Sensitivity to Evil 

What manner of man  is  the prophet? A  student of philosophy who  turns  from  the discourses of  the great metaphysicians  to  the orations of  the prophets may  feel as  if he  is going  from  the  realm of  the sublime to an area of trivialities.  Instead of dealing with the timeless  issues of being and becoming, of matter  and  form,  of  definitions  and  demonstrations,  he  is  thrown  into  orations  about widows  and orphans, about the corruption of judges and affairs of the market place. Instead of showing us the way through  the elegant mansions,  the prophets  takes us  to  the slums. The world  is a proud place,  full of beauty, but  the prophets are  scandalized, and  raved as  if  the whole world were a  slum.   They make much ado about paltry things, lavishing excessive language upon trifling subjects. What if somewhere in ancient Palestine poor people have not been treated properly by the rich? So what if some old women found  pleasureand  edification  in  worshipping  the  “Queen  of  Heavens”?  Why  such  immoderate excitement? Why such intense indignation?  The  things  that horrified  the prophets are even now daily occurrences all over  the world. There  is no society in which Amos’ words would not apply.  

Hear this, you who trample the needy, And bring the poor of the land to an end, Saying: When will the new moon be over That we may sell grain? And the Sabbath, that we may offer wheat for sale, That we may make the ephah small and the shekel great, And deal deceitfully with false balances, That we may buy the poor for silver, And the needy for a pair of sandals, And sell the refuse of the wheat? 

 Indeed,  the  sort of  crimes and even  the amount of delinquency  that  fills  the prophets of  Israel with dismay do not go beyond that which we regard as normal, as typical ingredients of social dynamics. To us, a single act of injustice – cheating in business, exploitation of the poor – is slight; to the prophets a disaster. To us  injustice  is  injurious  to  the welfare of  the people;  to  the prophets  it  is a deathblow  to existence: to us an episode; to them a catastrophe, a threat to the world.   Their breathless impatience for injustice may strike us as hysteria. We ourselves witness continually acts of  injustice, manifestations of hypocrisy,  falsehood, outrage, misery, but we  rarely grow  indignant or overly excited. To the prophet, even a minor injustice assumes cosmic proportions.   They speak and act as if the sky were about to collapse because Israel has become unfaithful to God.   Is not  the vastness of  their  indignation and  the vastness of God’s anger  in disproportion  to  its cause? How should one explain such moral and religious excitability, such extreme impetuosity?  It  seems  incongruous  and  absurd  that  because  of  some  minor  acts  of  injustice  inflicted  on  the insignificant, powerless poor, the glorious city of Jerusalem should be destroyed and the whole nation go to exile. Did not the prophet magnify the guilt? 

Page 2: What Manner of Man is the Prophet

 The prophet’s words are outbursts of violent emotions. His rebuke  is harsh and relentless. But  if such deep sensitivity to evil is to be called hysterical, what name should be given to the abysmal indifference to evil which the prophet bewails?  The niggardliness of our moral comprehensions, the incapacity to sense the depth of misery caused by our own failures,  is a fact which no subterfuge can elude. Our eyes are witness to the callousness and cruelty of man, but our heart tries to obliterate the memories, to calm  the nerves, and to silence our conscience.  The prophet  is a man who feels fiercely. God has thrust a burden upon his soul, and he  is bowed and stunned by man’s fierce greed. Frightful is the agony of man; no human voice can convey its full terror. Prophecy  is  the  voice  that God  has  lent  to  the  silent  agony,  a  voice  to  the  plundered  poor,  to  the profane riches of the world. It is a form of living, a crossing point of God and man. God is raging in the prophet’s words.    Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel