what must you know to determine retirement savings needs? 6 key questions
Post on 15-Jan-2016
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What Must You Know to Determine Retirement Savings Needs?
6 key questions
1. When will you retire? Health Status
24% of individuals age 45-54 report one or more health limitations
37% of individuals age 55-64 report one or more health limitations
Timing of Spouse’s Retirement implies that women may want to retire earlier than
men (since women typically marry older men) Availability of Retirement Income
Source: SSA For every 100 Americans, at the age of 65:
36 people will be dead 54 people will be dead broke
SS main/only source of income
5 people will still be working 4 people will be well to do 1 person will be wealthy
Net worth = > $5 million
Social Security 1935 – retirement program with mandatory participation
(currently over 90% of all workers covered) Eligibility: individual works and earns $1090 (2009) for 1
credit for a minimum of 40 credits (with a maximum of 4 credits earned per year) This applies to workers born after 1929
Goal is to provide a minimum level of support for retired individuals age 62 and
over. more support for lower-income workers than higher income
workers
Full Retirement BenefitsYear of Birth Full Retirement Age
1937 or earlier 65
1938 65 & 2 months
1939 65 & 4
1940 65 & 6
1941 65 & 8
1942 65 & 10
1943-1954 66
1955 66 & 2
1956 66 & 4
1957 66 & 6
1958 66 & 8
1959 66 & 10
1960 and later 67
Why is the retirement age increasing? In 1935, avg life expectancy was about 60 Retirement age is increasing to keep pace
with the increases in longevity and to reflect the improvements in health of older people
(Source = SS website)
Social Security benefit is indexed to inflation benefit has a dependent’s component if spouse is non-
working (or worked at relatively low wages or very intermittently)
taxation depends on whether your adjusted gross income (including 50% of Social Security) is between $32,000 and $44,000 if married or between $25,000 and $34,000 if single
Divorced spouses If married > 10 yrs, benefit is prorated to the # of yrs married vs.
total working yrs, as long as no remarriage occurs
Social Security, cont. Average SS benefits 2009 (after 5.8% COLA
from 2008) = All retired workers = $1,153/month Couple, both w/ benefits = $1,876 Maximum retirement benefit = $2,323 Widowed mother & 2 kids = $2,399 Aged Widow(er) alone = $1,112 Disabled worker, spouse & 1+ kids = $1,793 All disabled workers = $1,064
Private Pension Plans Defined Benefit (DB) plans – traditional pensions –
employer provided pension plans where benefits received are typically a function of number of years of employment with the firm age at retirement average salary
(sometimes average for highest “x” years)
typically little choice as to how this benefit is taken. Typically payments are not inflation indexed. Benefits are taxed as you receive them
Defined Contribution (DC) plans – 401(k)s or Roth IRAs or Roth 401(k)s – pension plans where the employee (and sometimes the employer) make regular contributions to the retirement plan. Typically, the benefit received is a function of employee/employer contributions age at retirement number of years employed with the firm (for vesting
requirements) typically great choice as to how this benefit is taken
Lump sum distribution Withdrawals on an as needed basis Annuity – purchased investment from an insurance agent
(usually) taxation considerations vary depending on how
contributions were taxed (Roth IRA vs. 401K)
401(k)s or 403(b)s or etc. Pre-tax contributions
Contributions may be matched by employer if you are “vested” Typically qualify for the matching money after 3 or 6 years
Taxes paid at time of withdrawal, according to the taxation structure in existence then
No penalties if Over 59.5 years of age
If you do not have a qualified withdrawal, can access your money By taking a loan (reasons may be restricted by employer)
Must be repaid with interest The loan must be repaid immediately if you change jobs If you default, you pay all taxes due + 10% penalty
If you do not take a loan, just a withdrawal, You must pay all taxes due + 10% penalty
Can be rolled over to an IRA or a Roth IRA or another 401(k) if you switch jobs
Your money is invested in a range of options provided by the plan, typically mutual funds and/or company stock You choose how much goes where in the preset options
Contribution limits $16,500 in 2009 (of your own money) if < 50 $22,000 if > 50
This limit does not include matching funds Maximum contribution = $49,000
Minimum distribution laws After 70.5 years of age, you must withdraw an annual
sum (determined by the IRS) unless you are not retired and are still working at the company that administers your 401(k)
Roth IRA – see fairmark.com/rothira After-tax contributions Earnings are tax-free on qualified withdrawals after
account has been open 5 years After 59.5 years of age For down payment on first house ($10,000 limit) for yourself,
spouse, children, or grandchildren For higher education expenses for yourself, spouse, children,
or grandchildren If you become disabled If your spouse dies or becomes disabled
If you do not have qualified withdrawals, 10% penalty May withdraw contributions at any time with no
penalties or taxes
Can contribute after age 70.5 Contribution limits
$5,000 in 2009 per person per year if < 50 $6,000 if > 50
Income limits $105,000 per year if single (phased out – $120,000) $166,000 per year if married filing jointly (phased out – $176K) $0 per year if married filing separately Must have taxable wage income (or be married to a person with
taxable wage income) to contribute IOW, your Roth money cannot come from investment or pension income
Your money is invested WHEREVER you choose to invest it e.g. stocks, mutual funds, etc.
No minimum distribution laws Can pass the entire account to your heirs tax-free
Roth 401(k) Started 1/1/06 Combines the Roth concept with after-tax investments and
tax-free earnings with your 401(k) plan Only available if your employer chooses to make it available Contribution limit in 2009
$16,500 if <50 $22,000 if >50 Max. cont. in BOTH types of 401(k)s
Employer match is still pre-tax Grows in a separate account and will be taxed at withdrawal
If you change jobs, your portion can be rolled over to a Roth IRA
Subject to minimum distribution laws
2. What is your expected length of retirement (i.e., life expectancy)?Table 1: Life Expectancy for Social Security
Year Cohort Turned 65
Percentage of Population Surviving from Age 21 to Age 65
Average Remaining Life Expectancy for Those Surviving to Age 65
Male Female Male Female
194019501960197019801990
53.956.260.163.767.872.3
60.665.571.376.980.983.6
12.713.113.213.814.615.3
14.716.217.418.619.119.6