What new type of building allowed for greater population

density in the late 1800s?

The skyscraper (e.g. Flatiron Building)

What new transportation method fueled the growth of

suburbs in the late 1800s?

Electric trolley cars and commuter RR lines

What movement sought to help recent immigrants fit in to American society by working

with them to improve everything from their hygiene

to language skills?

Americanization

What group started a major political movement focused on

reducing the power of monopolies (especially the

RRs) and increasing the monetary supply?

The Populists

What allowed for development of parks, efficient

transportation, and more even distribution of population and

services?

city planning

What two developments fueled the growth of the

modern press?

New printing techniques (high speed presses) and the

revolution in Photography (Eastman's flexible film)

Between 1865 & 1895, what did most states begin requiring for children

between the ages of 8-14?

12-16 weeks of school annually

What type of education grew as business demanded greater

technical and managerial expertise? What happened to

college enrollment between 1880-1920?

High schools, It quadrupled

How much access did Blacks and recent

immigrants have to public education?

Very little for blacks (segregation), plenty for

immigrants (Americanization)

What two approaches were taken by Washington and DuBois to try and provide

higher education for Blacks?

Washington: Tuskegee Institute to try and build economic

prosperity, DuBois: Niagara Movement pushing Blacks toward liberal arts degrees

Name two methods used to keep Blacks from voting in the South between 1865-

1965.

Poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses

What Supreme Court case established the doctrine of “separate but equal” legal

segregation?

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

How did Southern whites often respond when Blacks refused to follow the racial

norms?

Violence, especially lynching

What group provided a great deal of the difficult

manual labor in the Southwest? How were they

treated?

Immigrants from Mexico, paid less – sometimes wound up

in debt peonage

What ethnic group was often segregated and restricted on the west

coast?

Chinese Immigrants (Chinese Exclusion Act)

What economic development allowed for

the development of leisure activities in the U.S.?

The growth of the middle class, and the eight hour

work day

Name two types of new leisure activities. What quickly

became one of America’s most popular spectator sports in the

late 1800s?

Spectator sports, amusement parks, sports like bicycling

and tennis; Baseball

How did Hearst and Pulitzer contribute to the growth of

mass culture in the late 1800s?

Building huge networks of major daily newspapers

Identify three new ways of selling goods that emerged

in the late 1800s.

Shopping centers, department stores, chain stores, modern

advertising, catalog sales (and RFD)

Generally speaking, what kind of people were

Progressives?

Members of the middle class who wanted to solve society’s problems

because they feared revolution from below and the massive power

of the small wealthy elite

What was the “square deal?”

Teddy Roosevelt’s efforts to protect rights of

workers & common people

How was the 1902 Coal Strike a favorable turn for

organized labor?

Roosevelt forced the two sides to come together & negotiate instead

of siding with management (Government intervention when strike threatens public interest)

What is the NAWSA? What was its goal?

National Americans Women Suffrage Association, the

vote for women

Which amendment gave woman the right to vote?

When was it passed?

19th amendment, 1920

Who was the leader of the work for labor reform?

Florence Kelly

Identify two ways progressives tried to help

working people.

10 hour work day, end child labor, improved workplace

safety

What racist terrorist group formed in Tennessee after

the Civil War?

the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)

What was the purpose of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act?

Which 1914 law strengthened Sherman and

extended protection to workers and farm

organizations?

regulate trusts and monopolies, Clayton

Anti-Trust Act

Who founded the NAACP? What was it’s purpose?

W.E.B. DuBois, to gain greater political/social

equality for blacks

Which amendment outlawed the use of alcohol? What movement pushed for

this?

The 18th amendment, temperance

Which amendment provided direct election of Senators?

The 17th amendment

Name two things the Muckrakers exposed.

the Corruption in politicians, poor working/living conditions, unsafe

food/drugs, trusts/monopolies

What was the purpose of the Meat Inspections Act?

It insured that meats were prepared under proper

sanitary conditions

What party ran Teddy Roosevelt as its candidate & pushed for the 8 hour day,

workmen’s comp-ensation, and women’s suffrage?

Bull Moose Party (election of 1912)

What group wanted to set aside large pieces of land

for national parks?

Conservationists (John Muir)

Who started the “settlement house” movement to help care for poor women and

children?

Jane Addams

Name two steps taken by progressives to eliminate

political corruption.

recall, referendum, initiative, primaries

What kinds of steps did “reform mayors” take to

clean up their communities?

Works programs, government control of transportation &

utilities, open meetings

Identify two of President Wilson’s big financial

reforms.

Income Tax (16th Amendment), Federal

Reserve System, lower tariffs

Name two reasons why the U.S. was interested in expanding it’s imperial

power in the late 1800’s.

ports for naval ships, markets for manufactured goods,

cultural/religious superiority

What was the U.S.’ chief economic interest in

Hawaii?

Sugar cane and fruit plantations

Why was Queen Liliuokalani a threat? How was she

handled by the U.S.?

She wanted Hawaii for Hawaiians, business groups

staged a revolution - Cleveland put her back in power

What was the purpose of Hays’ Open Door Notes?

Prevent the European powers from carving China into

colonies (we feared being left out)

What did the Open Door Policy give us free reign to do? What military action did the United States take to make sure this

Policy stayed in place?

force China to trade with us, used US troops to squash

the Boxer Rebellion

Why did Spanish activities in Cuba attract American

attention? What media group increased public excitement

over a possible war with Spain?

Spanish General Weyler was brutally suppressing the

Cuban revolt led by Marti, Yellow journalists

What “manufactured” event drew the U.S. into the

Spanish American War?

the sinking of the USS Maine, an American battleship

In what two places did most of the fighting take place in the Spanish American War?

Who won?

Cuba and the Philippines, the U.S.

What debate started immediately after the

Spanish American War?

Whether it was appropriate for the U.S. to annex other

territories (such as Cuba and the Philippines)

How did the US eventually gain control of the

Philippines?

Annexed it, then used troops to put down a rebellion of

native Filipinos

How did the construction of Panama Canal affect our

relationship with Panama? How did the U.S. gain control of the

land?

made Panama a U.S. territory, staged a revolution to free territory from Colombian

control

What were two of the obstacles faced in

constructing the Panama Canal?

Disease, difficult engineering conditions, 5,000 worker

deaths

What were the primary benefits of the Panama

Canal?

Decreased shipping times and costs, greater access from our East coast to our west

coast and on to Asia (China & Japan)

What is the name for imperialism that is based on economic influence? Which

President is most closely associated with this?

Dollar Diplomacy, Taft

What was the point of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine? What

kind of Diplomacy is this?

We will intervene when necessary in the western

hemisphere, Big Stick Diplomacy

Name two factors that led to WWI.

Alliances, military build up (industrialism), tension in the

Balkans, growing imperialism

What group of countries did the U.S. fight alongside in

WWI?

the Allies (GB, France, Russia)

What group formed the opposition to the Allies

during WWI?

Central Powers (Germany & A-H)

What was the purpose of the Selective Service Act?

help raise nearly 2 million troops for the American

Expeditionary Force (AEF)

What weapon did the Germans use to attack

allied ships and the British blockade?

U-Boat (first effective military use of submarine)

What two factors led to trench warfare during WWI?

old tactics (Napoleonic) combined with new weapons

(esp. machine gun, gas, barbed wire, etc.)

Name three of the conditions that made trench

warfare so miserable.

rats, high casualty rates, disease, stagnant water &

mud (trench foot), shellshock (PTSD), etc.

Name two new weapons that were used extensively

in trench warfare.

machine gun, poison gas, flamethrower, new high

powered artillery

Name two other new weapons used for the first

time in World War I.

submarine, tank, airplane

Why was it only a matter of time before the U.S. was

drawn into WWI?

we had become an imperial power, we were shipping war materials to Europe (esp. GB

& France)

Name the two events that helped pull the U.S. into the

WWI.

Lusitania (U-Boat Warfare) & Zimmerman Telegram (Germany encouraged Mexico to attack US)

What event allowed Germany to launch an all-out final offensive on the Western Front in 1918?

the Russian Revolution, which took Russia out of the war

What was the primary contribution of the AEF toward Allied victory?

helped hold off last big German attack, helped with big allied counter-attack that

led to German surrender

What was Wilson’s stated reason for entering WWI?

What kind of diplomacy was this an example of?

“Make the world safe for democracy.”; Moral

Diplomacy

Name 2 kinds of people who might have opposed U.S.

involvement in WWI.

pacifists, socialists, German immigrants, Irish immigrants

What law prevented “disloyal utterances” and speaking out against the

war?

Sedition Act

How did the Supreme Court rule on the Espionage and

Sedition acts?

they were constitutional - exceptional measures to

restrict rights are OK in war time (Schenck vs. US)

Name 2 gov’t agencies designed to make efficient use of our resources during

WWI.

War Industries Board, War Labor Board, Food

Administration

What monetary instrument did the U.S. gov’t use to

raise funds for WWI?

the Liberty (or Victory) Bond

What organization was responsible for producing U.S. propaganda during

WWI?

Committee on Public Information (CPI)

How did WWI provide greater opportunities for

women? What did this lead to?

Served in non-combat roles in military and took important

manufacturing jobs in wartime industry; won right

to vote shortly after war

What was the Great Migration?

Major demographic shift of African Americans out of the

South and into Northern cities where they took jobs in

wartime industries

What was Wilson’s Plan for Peace called? Which part of

it was most important to him? Why?

14 Points, League of Nations – he believed it would help

solve all future crises before they became wars

Name two key conditions of the Treaty of Versailles.

Germany responsible for WWI, pay big reparations, League

of Nations