What the Heck is Collagen?By: Lauren Mossman

Transcription is the process of making a copy of DNA’s information and passing it to mRNA

Translation is when m(RNA) is converted into a string of amino acids that will later be formed into a protein

Bioprospecting Transcription and Translation

� Protein= a macromolecule made of chains of amino acids that our body uses to complete everyday functions

� Proteomics- the study of a protein's structure and function.

BioprospectingProteomics and proteins

� Collagen is found only in animals

BioprospectingWhere to find Collagen

� Collagen makes up white fibers of the skin, tissues, bones, ligaments, tendons, and skeletal muscles

� it gives the body structural support � it holds our body together with fibrous connective

tissue.

BioprospectingSurvival with Collagen

� In the mid 1930's collagen was discovered to have molecular structure

� There are 28 types of collagen.� Collagen Two was discovered by Miller and Matukas in

1969. � the 1980's was when many books and other kinds of

collagen were discovered, that collagen really became popular.

� The discovery of collagen increased with acceleration of studying on gene cloning.

BioprospectingFinding Collagen

� Hydrophobic- an amino acid that does not like water and is usually found within the “hydrophobic core of the protein” or within the lipid part of the protein. – Proline

� Hydrophilic- an amino acid that is water loving- like Glycine

BiochemistryHydrophobic and Hydrophilic amino acids

� Positive- it has a positive charge� Negative- has a negative charge

BiochemistryPositive and Negative Amino Acids

� Primary structure= polypeptide chain of amino acids� Collagen= three amino acids� (glycine (Gly)-X-Y). X usually = proline (Pro) and Y

usually = hydroxyproline (proline in which -OH is added after synthesis of polypeptide )

BiochemistryPrimary Structure of a Protein

Hyd Hyd

� made when polypeptide chain is passed through the ER and Golgi Apparatus.

� Held together by hydrogen bonds� Alpha helix- part of the protein chain shaped like a

loose coil of wire that is coiling clockwise� Bela-pleated sheets are folded so they lie along next

to each other

BiochemistrySecondary Structure of Protein

� Collagen has left handed helix (like alpha helix but turns counter clockwise)

� the three chains are formed into a triple helix

BiochemistrySecondary Structure of Protein cont.

� Holds together secondary structure � Without the bonds some of the chain would be loose

and float around� With the help of hydrogen bonds, Collagen is very

strong and not flexible. This makes Collagen able to maintain the structure of your body.

BiochemistryImportance of Hydrogen bonds

� main ingredient for some cosmetic makeup� cosmetic surgery� vitamins or food supplements that help with

rebuilding or enhancing your appearance have collagen in it

� taking collagen can reduce joint pain and swelling � help aid in healing burn patients� reconstruction of bone

Bioengineering Practical Applications

� Make copies of certain body parts like skin or tissues� Help repair torn tendons or muscle

BioengineeringPossible inventions with Collagen

With some exceptions, most collagen genes are scattered on different chromosomes like 17, 7, 12, 2, 13, X, 9, or 21.

Quick Fact:

Without Collagen your body would have little to no structure.

Collagen Mutations can lead to some forms of Dwarfism, Rubberman Syndrome, and Goodpasture's Syndrome

Quick Fact:

� Web:

� http://chemistry.about.com/od/polymers/a/Collagen.htm

� http://www.vitalproteins.com/what-is-collagen

� http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/potm/2009_1/Protein_focus_2009_01-Collagen.html

� http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21582/

� http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/COL1A1

� http://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Collagen.aspx

� http://www.proteinstructures.com/Structure/Structure/amino-acids.html  

� http://www.genacolusa.com/genacol.pdf  

� http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/jmol.do?structureId=1bkv&bionumber=1    

� http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3003457/#!po=1.16279  

� http://alevelnotes.com/Protein-Structure/61

� http://alevelnotes.com/Protein-Structure/61

� http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/Collagens.html = structure of collagen  

� https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/chemical-processes/proteins/v/amino-acid-structure

� http://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/aminoacids/proteinstruct.html

� http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/COL1A2

� http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/life-science/metabolomics/learning-center/amino-acid-reference-chart.html

� Pictures:

� https://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images;_ylt=AwrSbD0zyVtVkIEAcZhXNyoA;_ylu=X3oDMTE0MHU5MzNwBGNvbG8DZ3ExBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDQjAwMjNfMQRzZWMDcGl2cw--?p=transcscription+and+translation&fr=chr-yo_gc&fr2=piv-web

� http://www.digitalartforall.com/460/inkscape-cute-characters/

� http://azmega.com/vector/cartoon-animal-heads.html

� ford.uphero.com

� http://www.ngbowen.com/uncategorized/a-simple-anatomical-understanding-of-the-bowen-technique

� http://vecto.rs/design/vector-of-a-cartoon-scared-boy-on-a-diving-board-outlined-coloring-page-by-ron-leishman-19390

� http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrous_protein

� http://cadenandhismommy.blogspot.com/2011/09/october-is-dwarfism-awareness-month.html

� http://r.search.yahoo.com/_ylt=AwrTcXbgyVtVF0oAQDCjzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBxNG1oMmE2BHNlYwNmcC1hdHRyaWIEc2xrA3J1cmwEaXQD/RV=2/RE=1432107616/RO=11/RU=https%3a%2f%2famit1b.wordpress.com%2fthe-molecules-of-life%2fabout%2f/RK=0/RS=d6O2Mv.8NyYTo4s1eYyTtMPibPc-

Thanks to:

The End!