what users want and what hardware provides: bridging the ...r97128/mobilecpu... · 9/10/2015 ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the Gap Between User Quality of Experience (QoE) and Mobile Device Trends
Vijay Janapa ReddiThe University of Texas at Austin
Academia Sinica — Sep. 10, 2015
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Call
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Call
Text
Email The (in)famous “snake game”
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Mob
ile A
pplic
atio
ns
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
Years
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013Data source: Mobilewalla
6
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“I want desktop-level performance on my mobile device.”
7
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“I want desktop-level performance on my mobile device.”
7
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Responsiveness
8
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Responsiveness
▸100 ms latency is the limit for having users feel the system is reacting responsively [Miller 1968; Card et al. 1991]
8
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Responsiveness
▸100 ms latency is the limit for having users feel the system is reacting responsively [Miller 1968; Card et al. 1991]
▸64% of mobile users will not revisit a slow Web app [Source: Akamai]
8
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Responsiveness
▸100 ms latency is the limit for having users feel the system is reacting responsively [Miller 1968; Card et al. 1991]
▸64% of mobile users will not revisit a slow Web app [Source: Akamai]
▸Amazon found every 100 ms of latency costs them 1% in sales per year [Source: Amazon]
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Responsiveness Energy-Efficiency
8
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Responsiveness Energy-EfficiencyConflicting requirements
8
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9
The Mobile Device Virtuous Cycle
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9
The Mobile Device Virtuous Cycle
Architecture
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9
The Mobile Device Virtuous Cycle
ArchitectureApplications
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9
The Mobile Device Virtuous Cycle
ArchitectureApplications
Perfo
rman
ce
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9
The Mobile Device Virtuous Cycle
ArchitectureApplications
Perfo
rman
ce
Capabilities
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9
The Mobile Device Virtuous Cycle
ArchitectureApplications
Perfo
rman
ce
Capabilities
Our conventional research focus
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9
The Mobile Device Virtuous Cycle
Mobile DeviceArchitectureApplicationsEnd
Users
Perfo
rman
ce
Capabilities
Our conventional research focus
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9
The Mobile Device Virtuous Cycle
Mobile DeviceArchitectureApplicationsEnd
Users
Perfo
rman
ce
Capabilities
Pow
er, E
nerg
y &
Ther
mal
Budg
ets
Our conventional research focus
![Page 26: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
9
The Mobile Device Virtuous Cycle
Mobile DeviceArchitectureApplicationsEnd
Users
Perfo
rman
ce
Feat
ures
Capabilities
Pow
er, E
nerg
y &
Ther
mal
Budg
ets
Our conventional research focus
![Page 27: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
9
The Mobile Device Virtuous Cycle
Mobile DeviceArchitectureApplicationsEnd
Users
Satisfaction
Perfo
rman
ce
Feat
ures
Capabilities
Pow
er, E
nerg
y &
Ther
mal
Budg
ets
Our conventional research focus
![Page 28: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
9
The Mobile Device Virtuous Cycle
Mobile DeviceArchitectureApplicationsEnd
Users
Satisfaction Power Consumption
Perfo
rman
ce
Feat
ures
Capabilities
Pow
er, E
nerg
y &
Ther
mal
Budg
ets
Our conventional research focus
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9
The Mobile Device Virtuous Cycle
Mobile DeviceArchitectureApplicationsEnd
Users
Satisfaction Power Consumption
Perfo
rman
ce
Feat
ures
Capabilities
Pow
er, E
nerg
y &
Ther
mal
Budg
ets
Our conventional research focus
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10
The Mobile Device Virtuous Cycle
Mobile DeviceArchitectureApplicationsEnd
Users
Satisfaction Power Consumption
Perfo
rman
ce
Feat
ures
Capabilities
Pow
er, E
nerg
y &
Ther
mal
Budg
ets
![Page 31: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Mobile Device Power Consumption Trends
11
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
Peak
Sus
tain
ed P
ower
(m
W)
Droid(2009)
Galaxy S(2010)
Galaxy N(2011)
Galaxy S3(2012)
Galaxy S4(2013)
Smartphone Model 11
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Mobile Device Power Consumption Trends
12
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
Peak
Sus
tain
ed P
ower
(m
W)
Droid(2009)
Galaxy S(2010)
Galaxy N(2011)
Galaxy S3(2012)
Galaxy S4(2013)
Smartphone Model
Screen
12
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Mobile Device Power Consumption Trends
13
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
Peak
Sus
tain
ed P
ower
(m
W)
Droid(2009)
Galaxy S(2010)
Galaxy N(2011)
Galaxy S3(2012)
Galaxy S4(2013)
Smartphone Model
Screen Radio
13
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Mobile Device Power Consumption Trends
14
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
Peak
Sus
tain
ed P
ower
(m
W)
Droid(2009)
Galaxy S(2010)
Galaxy N(2011)
Galaxy S3(2012)
Galaxy S4(2013)
Smartphone Model
Screen Radio CPU
14
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Mobile Device Power Consumption Trends
14
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
Peak
Sus
tain
ed P
ower
(m
W)
Droid(2009)
Galaxy S(2010)
Galaxy N(2011)
Galaxy S3(2012)
Galaxy S4(2013)
Smartphone Model
Screen Radio CPU
14
![Page 36: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Mobile Device Power Consumption Trends
14
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
Peak
Sus
tain
ed P
ower
(m
W)
Droid(2009)
Galaxy S(2010)
Galaxy N(2011)
Galaxy S3(2012)
Galaxy S4(2013)
Smartphone Model
Screen Radio CPU
An order of magnitude increase in total CPU power consumption
14
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Pow
er
Performance
20092010
2011
2012
2013 ~ Present
finc
Out-of-order
Multi-core
Asymmetric Multi-core
15
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Pow
er
Performance
20092010
2011
2012
2013 ~ Present
finc
Out-of-order
Multi-core
Asymmetric Multi-core
15
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Pow
er
Performance
20092010
2011
2012
2013 ~ Present
finc
Out-of-order
Multi-core
Asymmetric Multi-core
15
Question #1: Is the significant increase in processor power consumption justified?
Question #2: Does mobile CPU performance matter to user satisfaction?
Question #3: Can future mobile CPUs be energy-efficient and deliver performance?
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16
The Mobile Device Virtuous Cycle
Mobile DeviceArchitectureApplicationsEnd
Users
Satisfaction Power Consumption
Perfo
rman
ce
Feat
ures
Capabilities
Pow
er, E
nerg
y &
Ther
mal
Budg
ets
Question #1: Is the significant increase in processor power consumption justified?
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The Mobile Device Virtuous Cycle
17
Mobile DeviceArchitectureApplicationsEnd
Users
Satisfaction Power Consumption
Perfo
rman
ce
Feat
ures
Pow
er, E
nerg
y &
Ther
mal
Budg
ets
Capabilities
Question #1: Is the significant increase in processor power consumption justified?
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Benchmarking Mobile CPU Performance
18
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Benchmarking Mobile CPU Performance
18
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Orders of Magnitude Increase in Performance
19
7
5
3
1
Norm
aliz
ed S
peed
up
D S N
S3S
S3E
S4S
S4E
S5S
S5E
Smartphone Model
SPEC Coremark
7
5
3
1
Norm
aliz
ed S
peed
up
D S N
S3S
S3E
S4S
S4E
S5S
S5E
Smartphone Model
SPEC Coremark
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Orders of Magnitude Increase in Performance
19
7
5
3
1
Norm
aliz
ed S
peed
up
D S N
S3S
S3E
S4S
S4E
S5S
S5E
Smartphone Model
SPEC Coremark
7
5
3
1
Norm
aliz
ed S
peed
up
D S N
S3S
S3E
S4S
S4E
S5S
S5E
Smartphone Model
SPEC Coremark
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However, Power Consumption is Steadily Rising
20
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0Dyna
mic
Pow
er (
W)
D S N
S3S
S3E
S4S
S4E
S5S
S5E
Smartphone Model
SPECCoremark
7
5
3
1
Norm
aliz
ed S
peed
up
D S N
S3S
S3E
S4S
S4E
S5S
S5E
Smartphone Model
SPEC Coremark
![Page 47: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
However, Power Consumption is Steadily Rising
20
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0Dyna
mic
Pow
er (
W)
D S N
S3S
S3E
S4S
S4E
S5S
S5E
Smartphone Model
SPECCoremark
7
5
3
1
Norm
aliz
ed S
peed
up
D S N
S3S
S3E
S4S
S4E
S5S
S5E
Smartphone Model
SPEC Coremark
![Page 48: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
However, Power Consumption is Steadily Rising
20
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0Dyna
mic
Pow
er (
W)
D S N
S3S
S3E
S4S
S4E
S5S
S5E
Smartphone Model
SPECCoremark
“Good fortune” byprocess technology
7
5
3
1
Norm
aliz
ed S
peed
up
D S N
S3S
S3E
S4S
S4E
S5S
S5E
Smartphone Model
SPEC Coremark
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Process scaling is getting costlier, no free ride!
21
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CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends
▸ Power consumption has risen steadily over the years
▸ Energy efficiency trends appear to be plateauing
▸ Process technology is key for low-power execution22
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0Norm
aliz
ed E
nerg
y
D S N
S3S
S3E
S4S
S4E
S5S
S5E
Smartphone Model
SPEC Coremark
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CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends
▸ Power consumption has risen steadily over the years
▸ Energy efficiency trends appear to be plateauing
▸ Process technology is key for low-power execution22
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0Norm
aliz
ed E
nerg
y
D S N
S3S
S3E
S4S
S4E
S5S
S5E
Smartphone Model
SPEC Coremark
?
![Page 52: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
The Mobile Device Virtuous Cycle
23
Mobile DeviceArchitectureApplicationsEnd
Users
Satisfaction Power Consumption
Perfo
rman
ce
Feat
ures
Pow
er, E
nerg
y &
Ther
mal
Budg
ets
Capabilities
![Page 53: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
The Mobile Device Virtuous Cycle
23
Mobile DeviceArchitectureApplicationsEnd
Users
Satisfaction Power Consumption
Perfo
rman
ce
Feat
ures
Pow
er, E
nerg
y &
Ther
mal
Budg
ets
Capabilities
![Page 54: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
The Mobile Device Virtuous Cycle
24
Mobile DeviceArchitectureApplicationsEnd
Users
Satisfaction Power Consumption
Perfo
rman
ce
Feat
ures
Pow
er, E
nerg
y &
Ther
mal
Budg
ets
Capabilities
Question #2: Does mobile CPU performance matter to user satisfaction?
![Page 55: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Peak CPU Frequency
Max CPU Cores Enabled
Peak GPU Frequency
CPUFrequency
CPU CoreCount
GPUFrequency
Record User Interaction Parameterized Replay Publish Replay Crowdsourced User Survey
SurveyAnalysis
YouTubeHosting
Survey MonkeyA/B Testing
ScreenRecording
RERAN Replay Tool
User InteractionEvent Stream
AmazonMechanical Turk
Crowdsourced-based User Satisfaction Study
25
![Page 56: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Peak CPU Frequency
Max CPU Cores Enabled
Peak GPU Frequency
CPUFrequency
CPU CoreCount
GPUFrequency
Record User Interaction Parameterized Replay Publish Replay Crowdsourced User Survey
SurveyAnalysis
YouTubeHosting
Survey MonkeyA/B Testing
ScreenRecording
RERAN Replay Tool
User InteractionEvent Stream
AmazonMechanical Turk
Crowdsourced-based User Satisfaction Study
Over 20,000 “end-users”
25
![Page 57: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Peak CPU Frequency
Max CPU Cores Enabled
Peak GPU Frequency
CPUFrequency
CPU CoreCount
GPUFrequency
Record User Interaction Parameterized Replay Publish Replay Crowdsourced User Survey
SurveyAnalysis
YouTubeHosting
Survey MonkeyA/B Testing
ScreenRecording
RERAN Replay Tool
User InteractionEvent Stream
AmazonMechanical Turk
Crowdsourced-based User Satisfaction Study
Over 20,000 “end-users”
$0.10 a task
25
![Page 58: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Peak CPU Frequency
Max CPU Cores Enabled
Peak GPU Frequency
CPUFrequency
CPU CoreCount
GPUFrequency
Record User Interaction Parameterized Replay Publish Replay Crowdsourced User Survey
SurveyAnalysis
YouTubeHosting
Survey MonkeyA/B Testing
ScreenRecording
RERAN Replay Tool
User InteractionEvent Stream
AmazonMechanical Turk
Crowdsourced-based User Satisfaction Study
Over 20,000 “end-users”
$0.10 a task
1 day25
![Page 59: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Crowdsourced-based User Satisfaction Study
26
![Page 60: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Crowdsourced-based User Satisfaction Study
1. Very dissatisfied
2. Dissatisfied
3. Neutral
4. Satisfied
5. Very satisfied
26
![Page 61: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Crowdsourced-based User Satisfaction Study
1. Very dissatisfied
2. Dissatisfied
3. Neutral
4. Satisfied
5. Very satisfied
26
![Page 62: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Crowdsourced-based User Satisfaction Study
1. Very dissatisfied
2. Dissatisfied
3. Neutral
4. Satisfied
5. Very satisfied
26
![Page 63: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Bridging the Long-standing Void Between CPU Design Decisions and End-user Satisfaction
27
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“Is High Single-Thread Performance Required?”
28
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“Is High Single-Thread Performance Required?”
▸ Bursty behavior in mobile applications can impact end-user satisfaction
28
![Page 66: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
“Is High Single-Thread Performance Required?”
▸ Bursty behavior in mobile applications can impact end-user satisfaction
28
![Page 67: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
“Is High Single-Thread Performance Required?”
▸ Bursty behavior in mobile applications can impact end-user satisfaction
28
![Page 68: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
“Is High Single-Thread Performance Required?”
▸ Bursty behavior in mobile applications can impact end-user satisfaction
28
▸ Slow login results in abandonment of app service
![Page 69: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
“Does Multi-core Performance Matter?”
▸ Angry Birds needs very little performance from the hardware
29
Angry Birds (2009)
![Page 70: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
“Does Multi-core Performance Matter?”
▸ Angry Birds needs very little performance from the hardware
29
Angry Birds (2009) Photoshop (2014)
▸ Photoshop benefits from having multiple cores for performance
![Page 71: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
“Does Multi-core Performance Matter?”
▸ Angry Birds needs very little performance from the hardware
29
Angry Birds (2009) Photoshop (2014)
▸ Photoshop benefits from having multiple cores for performance
![Page 72: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
“Does Multi-core Performance Matter?”
▸ Angry Birds needs very little performance from the hardware
29
Angry Birds (2009) Photoshop (2014)
▸ Photoshop benefits from having multiple cores for performance
![Page 73: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
“Isn’t Mobile GUI Based (i.e., GPU Heavy)?”
30
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“Isn’t Mobile GUI Based (i.e., GPU Heavy)?”
▸ Yes and No, it depends
▸ User satisfaction indicates that GPUs are heavily over provisioned
31
![Page 75: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Back to Benchmarking Mobile CPU Performance
32
?What’s the Next Killer App?
![Page 76: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Looking Beyond Current Generation Workloads
▸ Low user satisfaction
▸ High core count, high frequency degrades satisfaction
33
Face detection (e.g. NameTag)
▸ Was using dual-core ARM Cortex A9 processors based on 45nm
![Page 77: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Looking Beyond Current Generation Workloads
▸ Low user satisfaction
▸ High core count, high frequency degrades satisfaction
33
Face detection (e.g. NameTag)
▸ Was using dual-core ARM Cortex A9 processors based on 45nm
![Page 78: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Considering the Mobile Device Virtuous Cycle
34
Mobile DeviceArchitectureApplicationsEnd
Users
Satisfaction Power Consumption
Perfo
rman
ce
Feat
ures
Pow
er, E
nerg
y &
Ther
mal
Budg
ets
Capabilities
Question #3: Can future mobile CPUs be energy-efficient and deliver performance?
![Page 79: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Power and Cooling Impose Severe Limitations
▸ Mobile system TDP is around 3.5 ~ 5 Watts
▸ Full utilization of CPU cores can lead to excessive power consumption
▸ Offloading computation to GPU can lead to additional power consumption
35
10x103
8
6
4
2
0
Pow
er (m
W)
SoCComponents
System TDP
Others500 mW
A7796 mW
A156268 mW
GPU2770 mW
![Page 80: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Emerging Programming Paradigms are Likely to Force Us to Hit those Peak Functionalities
36
10x103
8
6
4
2
0
Pow
er (m
W)
SoCComponents
System TDP
Others500 mW
A7796 mW
A156268 mW
GPU2770 mW
![Page 81: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Emerging Programming Paradigms are Likely to Force Us to Hit those Peak Functionalities
36
10x103
8
6
4
2
0
Pow
er (m
W)
SoCComponents
System TDP
Others500 mW
A7796 mW
A156268 mW
GPU2770 mW
RenderScript
MARE Runtime
SIMD.js
![Page 82: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Battery Imposes Severe Energy Constraints
37
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
Batt
ery
Capa
city
(mAh
)
6.56.05.55.04.54.03.53.02.52.01.5
Screen Size (inches)
![Page 83: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Battery Imposes Severe Energy Constraints
38
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
Batt
ery
Capa
city
(mAh
)
6.56.05.55.04.54.03.53.02.52.01.5
Screen Size (inches)
2006-2009
![Page 84: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Battery Imposes Severe Energy Constraints
39
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
Batt
ery
Capa
city
(mAh
)
6.56.05.55.04.54.03.53.02.52.01.5
Screen Size (inches)
2006-2009 2010-2011
![Page 85: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Battery Imposes Severe Energy Constraints
40
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
Batt
ery
Capa
city
(mAh
)
6.56.05.55.04.54.03.53.02.52.01.5
Screen Size (inches)
2006-2009 2010-2011 2012-2013
![Page 86: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
Batt
ery
Capa
city
(m
Ah)
6.56.05.55.04.54.03.53.02.52.01.5
Screen Size (inches)
2006-2009 2010-2011 2012-2013
Droid (2009)
Galaxy S (2010)
Galaxy N (2011)
Galaxy S3 (2012)
Galaxy S4 (2013)
Battery Imposes Severe Energy Constraints
41
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3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
Batt
ery
Capa
city
(m
Ah)
6.56.05.55.04.54.03.53.02.52.01.5
Screen Size (inches)
2006-2009 2010-2011 2012-2013
Droid (2009)
Galaxy S (2010)
Galaxy N (2011)
Galaxy S3 (2012)
Galaxy S4 (2013)
Battery Imposes Severe Energy Constraints
41
![Page 88: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
Batt
ery
Capa
city
(m
Ah)
6.56.05.55.04.54.03.53.02.52.01.5
Screen Size (inches)
2006-2009 2010-2011 2012-2013
Droid (2009)
Galaxy S (2010)
Galaxy N (2011)
Galaxy S3 (2012)
Galaxy S4 (2013)
Battery Imposes Severe Energy Constraints
41
![Page 89: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
Batt
ery
Capa
city
(m
Ah)
6.56.05.55.04.54.03.53.02.52.01.5
Screen Size (inches)
2006-2009 2010-2011 2012-2013
Droid (2009)
Galaxy S (2010)
Galaxy N (2011)
Galaxy S3 (2012)
Galaxy S4 (2013)
Battery Imposes Severe Energy Constraints
41
![Page 90: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
Batt
ery
Capa
city
(m
Ah)
6.56.05.55.04.54.03.53.02.52.01.5
Screen Size (inches)
2006-2009 2010-2011 2012-2013
Droid (2009)
Galaxy S (2010)
Galaxy N (2011)
Galaxy S3 (2012)
Galaxy S4 (2013)
Battery Imposes Severe Energy Constraints
41
![Page 91: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
Batt
ery
Capa
city
(m
Ah)
6.56.05.55.04.54.03.53.02.52.01.5
Screen Size (inches)
2006-2009 2010-2011 2012-2013
Droid (2009)
Galaxy S (2010)
Galaxy N (2011)
Galaxy S3 (2012)
Galaxy S4 (2013)
Battery Imposes Severe Energy Constraints
41
54% of end users preferred size
![Page 92: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Unsustainable Desktop Processor Techniques
▸ Mobile CPUs have been borrowing desktop techniques over the recent several years
▸ Mobile CPUs are far from delivering desktop-level performance because of stringent power, thermal and energy constraints
4
3
2
1
0
Cloc
k Fr
eque
ncy
(GHz
)
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Year
Desktop Mobile
213
29
25
21Cach
e Si
ze (
KB)
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Year
L1: Both L2: Mobile L2: Desktop L3: Desktop
8
6
4
2
0
Core
Cou
nt
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Year
Desktop Mobile
100
101
102
103
104
SPEC
Sco
re
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Year
Desktop
Mobile
bzip2 gcc libquantum omnetpp
Comparing against data from Stanford’sCPU DB: http://cpudb.stanford.edu/
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How Do We Design the Next Mobile CPU?
Homogenous CMP Simple cores
Homogenous CMP Complex cores
Heterogenous CMP Specialized Accelerators
?X XX X
43
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44
Solutions
![Page 95: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
44
Utilization
Solutions
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44
Utilization
Heterogeneity Heterogeneous
Hardware
EventQueue H3 … H2 … H1 Dispatch
<Core, Freq>
PI, PU
Detector
QoSMonitor
ModelConstructor
Recalibrate
Event-Based Scheduler
Event Info
Models
onkeyup=“H1 () {…}”
keyup
onchange=“H2 () {…}”
change
Event execution feedback
onclick=“H3 () {…}”
click
Solutions
![Page 97: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
44
Utilization
Heterogeneity Heterogeneous
Hardware
EventQueue H3 … H2 … H1 Dispatch
<Core, Freq>
PI, PU
Detector
QoSMonitor
ModelConstructor
Recalibrate
Event-Based Scheduler
Event Info
Models
onkeyup=“H1 () {…}”
keyup
onchange=“H2 () {…}”
change
Event execution feedback
onclick=“H3 () {…}”
click
Customization
Solutions
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44
Utilization
Heterogeneity Heterogeneous
Hardware
EventQueue H3 … H2 … H1 Dispatch
<Core, Freq>
PI, PU
Detector
QoSMonitor
ModelConstructor
Recalibrate
Event-Based Scheduler
Event Info
Models
onkeyup=“H1 () {…}”
keyup
onchange=“H2 () {…}”
change
Event execution feedback
onclick=“H3 () {…}”
click
Specialization... ... Rule j
... ...
Prop l
... ...
scratchpad mem(input)
Rule i.id
... Prop m ... Prop k ...
Rule j.id
...
...
... ... ...scratchpad mem(output)
start end start end
Rule i
Prop kProp m Prop mProp l
computelanes
Style l Style m Style k
conflictresolution
Customization
Solutions
![Page 99: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
44
Utilization
Heterogeneity Heterogeneous
Hardware
EventQueue H3 … H2 … H1 Dispatch
<Core, Freq>
PI, PU
Detector
QoSMonitor
ModelConstructor
Recalibrate
Event-Based Scheduler
Event Info
Models
onkeyup=“H1 () {…}”
keyup
onchange=“H2 () {…}”
change
Event execution feedback
onclick=“H3 () {…}”
click
Specialization... ... Rule j
... ...
Prop l
... ...
scratchpad mem(input)
Rule i.id
... Prop m ... Prop k ...
Rule j.id
...
...
... ... ...scratchpad mem(output)
start end start end
Rule i
Prop kProp m Prop mProp l
computelanes
Style l Style m Style k
conflictresolution
Customization
Solutions
![Page 100: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Utilization
45
Workload Characterization
Performance/Energy Analysis and Prediction
Resource Allocation and Mapping
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Taking Web Browsing as an Example
46
![Page 102: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
A Case for Heterogeneity
47
A9 1.2GHz
A9 920MHz
A9 700MHz
A9 350MHz
A8 800MHz
A8 600MHz A8 300MHz
www.autoblog.comDifferent operating frequencies
47
![Page 103: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
A Case for Heterogeneity
47
A9 1.2GHz
A9 920MHz
A9 700MHz
A9 350MHz
A8 800MHz
A8 600MHz A8 300MHz
www.autoblog.comDifferent operating frequencies
47
![Page 104: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
A Case for Heterogeneity
47
A9 1.2GHzwww.autoblog.com
Different operating frequencies
47
![Page 105: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
A Case for Heterogeneity
47
A9 1.2GHzwww.autoblog.com
Different operating frequencies
47
![Page 106: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
A Case for Heterogeneity
47
A9 1.2GHzwww.autoblog.com
www.newegg.com Different operating frequencies
47
![Page 107: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
A Case for Heterogeneity
47
A9 1.2GHzwww.autoblog.com
www.newegg.com Different operating frequencies
47
![Page 108: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
A Case for Heterogeneity
47
A9 1.2GHzwww.autoblog.com
www.newegg.com
A9 700MHz
Different operating frequencies
47
![Page 109: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
A Case for Heterogeneity
47
A9 1.2GHzwww.autoblog.com
www.newegg.com
A9 700MHz
~40%
Different operating frequencies
47
![Page 110: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
A Case for Heterogeneity
48
www.adobe.com
Different operating frequencies
![Page 111: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
A Case for Heterogeneity
48
www.adobe.com
Different operating frequencies
A8 600MHz
![Page 112: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
A Case for Heterogeneity
48
www.adobe.com
Different operating frequencies
Different uarchitectures
A8 600MHz
![Page 113: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
A Case for Heterogeneity
49
Different operating frequencies
Different uarchitectures
www.adobe.com
www.newegg.com
www.autoblog.com
![Page 114: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
A Case for Heterogeneity
49
“Webpages variance” in load time and energy
Different operating frequencies
Different uarchitectures
www.adobe.com
www.newegg.com
www.autoblog.com
![Page 115: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
Scheduling Results
50
Cut-o
ff Vi
olat
ions
(%)
Ener
gy S
aving
s (%
)
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Scheduling Results
50
0
25
50
75
100
0
10
20
30
40
OS (Big) OS (Little) WS
Cut-o
ff Vi
olat
ions
(%)
Ener
gy S
aving
s (%
)
Using a performance strategy as the baseline
(Big+Little)
![Page 117: What Users Want and What Hardware Provides: Bridging the ...r97128/MobileCPU... · 9/10/2015 · CPU Power Consumption and Energy Trends Power consumption has risen steadily over](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042315/5f038a267e708231d4098e4b/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
Thank You
51