what was the “middle passage” and how did the “middle passage” effect african society?
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What was the “Middle Passage” and how did the “Middle Passage” effect African society?
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The Middle Passage was a series of naval routes that connected the economies of Africa, North America, and Europe
Also known as the “Triangle Trade”
1500’s – 1870’s
Specialized in the trade of African slaves
9.5 million African enslaves
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Early African Societies
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The Great Zimbabwe
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Following colonization of the New World, Europeans needed cheap labor
Mines & Plantations
Africa was a good area for three (3) reasons:
1.Immunity to European diseases
2.Experience with farming
3.Little knowledge of America
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European traders testified that African slaves were treated fairly / comfortable passage
The Middle Passage Myth
In reality:Slave traders typically
lost 15 -20% of cargo in transitTotal = 2 million (1500-
1900)Disease / starvationRape & sexual assault“Cargo suicide”
How was the Middle Passage depicted for Europeans?
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Some African rulers supported the trade
Sold rival tribes into slavery for guns, gold, alcohol, etc.
Others opposed the tradeKing Affonso’s plea
European avoided these areas (trade, slave-buying, etc.)