what we don't know about housing and poverty
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What we don't know about housing and poverty. Hard work by James Gregory (Visiting Research Fellow, CASE, LSE)… …presented by Jim Vine (Director of Innovation, HACT) @ jim_vine [email protected]. Overview. Relationship between housing and poverty Particular reference to social housing - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
What we don't know about housing and poverty
Hard work by James Gregory (Visiting Research Fellow, CASE, LSE)…
…presented by Jim Vine (Director of Innovation, HACT)
OverviewRelationship between housing and poverty
Particular reference to social housing
Existing evidencePerceptions of the evidence
Social landlordsThink tanks
ContextWelfare reform
Housing benefitOverall benefit cap
Provisions of the Localism Act (2011)Allocations (local connections and working
households)Weaker social tenancy rightsDischarge of homelessness duty in PRS
Affordable Rent
Social landlord responsesStill building…
…for Affordable RentDiversification
Market rent(Continued) market saleLeisure centres…
Questioning purpose
Quantitative pictureHouseholds Below Average Income (HBAI)
statistical reportLimitations
Lowest income not necessarily lowest living standards
Relative income definitionCorrelation between different situations and
low income, but not causationQuantitative, not lived experience
HBAILow income: below 60% of median incomeEquivalised (household composition)
MeasuresBefore Housing Costs (BHC)After Housing Costs (AHC)
Relative and ‘Absolute’
9.8 million people
Owners:
Owne
d out
right
Owners:
Buy
ing w
ith a
mortg
age
Socia
l ren
ters
Priva
te re
nter
s05
101520253035
Composition of low income households by tenure (BHC) (%)
2.7
mill
ion
peop
le
1.9
mill
ion
peop
le
5 million
people
“Half t
he poor”
From: Table 3.4db
Owners:
Owne
d out
right
Owners:
Buy
ing w
ith a
mortg
age
Socia
l ren
ters
Priva
te re
nter
s05
101520253035
Composition of low income households by tenure (AHC) (%)
From: Table 3.4db
UK Housing Review 2014 (published yesterday so apologies for image quality)
Another view of povertyBasket of goods approach
Minimum Income Standard (MIS)Poverty and Social Exclusion (PSE)
PSE findings:33% of households not able to afford ≥3 necessities2.3 million households (1.5 million children) cannot
afford to heat living areas2.7 million households (2.5 million children) damp600,00 children in homes with insufficient bedrooms
Another view of povertyMIS 2013 findings:
Single people need to earn at least £16,850 a year before tax
Couples with two children need to earn at least £19,400 each
Housing and poverty linksHousing impact on income
(the BHC AHC shift)Housing impacts on material deprivation
Educational outcomes (overcrowding)Health (damp, for example)Mental health (sink estates)
Perceived knowledge gaps“Are we there to just house the vulnerable, or
actually make them less vulnerable?”The role of social housing(…and, implicitly, the ambiguous social and
welfare function of homeownership)Are social housing providers best-placed to
intervene in neighbourhoods and individual’s lives?
Perceived knowledge gaps“We are very pro mixed communities. But we
would like more evidence about them.”Better understanding of neighbourhood effectsBetter understanding of tenure effects
Source: Ends and means: the future roles of social housing in England
ReferencesHouseholds Below Average Income (HBAI) statistical
report (June 2013)https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/206778/full_hbai13.pdf
UK Housing Review 2014, Steve Wilcox and John PerryFalling below minimum standards (PSE 2012)
http://www.poverty.ac.uk/pse-research/falling-below-minimum-standards
A minimum income standard for the UK in 2013http://www.jrf.org.uk/publications/MIS-2013
Ends and means: the future roles of social housing in Englandhttp://eprints.lse.ac.uk/5568/1/Ends_and_Means_The_future_roles_of_social_housing_in_England_1.pdf
Any questions……that you want to answer?
Literatures on Tenure effects – The Hills EffectMixed communities and neighbourhood effectsRoles of the tenures